How to recognize pneumonia in adults

The first signs of pneumonia in children and adults

Pneumonia is a disease that has an infectious origin and is characterized by inflammation of the lung tissue in the event of provoking physical or chemical factors such as:

• Complications after viral diseases (influenza, ARVI), atypical bacteria (chlamydia, mycoplasma, legionella)
• Effects on the respiratory system of various chemical agents - poisonous fumes and gases (see. chlorine in household chemicals is hazardous to health)
• Radioactive radiation, to which infection is attached
• Allergic processes in the lungs - allergic cough, COPD, bronchial asthma
• Thermal factors - hypothermia or burns of the respiratory tract
• Inhalation of liquids, food or foreign bodies can cause aspiration pneumonia.

The cause of the development of pneumonia is the emergence of favorable conditions for the multiplication of various pathogenic bacteria in the lower respiratory tract. The original causative agent of pneumonia is the aspergillus mushroom, which was the culprit of the sudden and mysterious deaths of researchers of the Egyptian pyramids. Owners of domestic birds or lovers of urban pigeons can get chlamydial pneumonia.

For today, all pneumonia is divided into:

• out-of-hospital, arising under the influence of various infectious and non-infectious agents outside the walls of hospitals
• hospital, which cause hospital-acquired microbes, often very resistant to traditional antibiotic treatment.

The frequency of detection of various infectious agents in community-acquired pneumonia is presented in the table.

Causative agent	Average% detection
Streptococcus is the most frequent pathogen. Pneumonia caused by this pathogen is the leader in the frequency of death from pneumonia.	3, %
Mycoplasma - affects most children, young people.	1, %
Chlamydia - chlamydial pneumonia is typical for people of young and middle age.	1, %
Legionellae - a rare pathogen, affects weakened people and is the leader after streptococcus by frequency of deaths (infection in rooms with artificial ventilation - shopping centers, airports)	, %
Hemophilus rod - causes pneumonia in patients with chronic bronchial and lung diseases, as well as in smokers.	, %
Enterobacteria are rare pathogens, affecting mainly patients with renal / hepatic, cardiac insufficiency, diabetes mellitus.	, %
Staphylococcus is a frequent pathogen of pneumonia in the elderly population, and complications in patients after the flu.	, %
Other pathogens	, %
The causative agent is not installed	3, %

When the diagnosis is confirmed, depending on the type of pathogen, the patient's age, the presence of concomitant diseases, a corresponding therapy, in severe cases, treatment should be performed in a hospital setting, with mild forms of inflammation, hospitalization of the patient is not is required.

Characteristic first signs of pneumonia, the vastness of the inflammatory process, acute development and danger of serious complications in untimely treatment - are the main reasons for the urgent circulation of the population for medical help. At present, a sufficiently high level of medical development, improved diagnostic methods, and a huge the list of antibacterials of a wide spectrum of action has considerably lowered a death rate from an inflammation of lungs (cm. antibiotics for bronchitis).

Typical first signs of pneumonia in adults

The main symptom of the development of pneumonia is a cough, usually it is first dry, obtrusive and persistent. protivokashlevye, expectorants with a dry cough), but in rare cases cough at the beginning of the disease can be rare and not strong. Then, as the inflammation develops, the cough becomes pneumatic with pneumonia, with a discharge of mucopurulent sputum (yellow-green color).

Any catarrhal virus disease should not last more than 7 days, and a sharp deterioration of the condition later 4-7 days after the onset of an acute respiratory viral infection or influenza indicates the onset of an inflammatory process in the lower respiratory ways.

Body temperature can be very high up to 39-40C, and can remain subfebrile 3, -3, C (with atypical pneumonia). Therefore, even with a low body temperature, coughing, weakness and other signs of malaise, you should definitely consult a doctor. Caution should be a repeated temperature jump after a light gap during the course of a viral infection.

If the patient has a very high temperature, one of the signs of inflammation in the lungs is the inefficiency of antipyretic drugs.

Pain with deep breath and cough. The lung itself does not hurt, as it is devoid of pain receptors, but involvement in the pleura process gives a pronounced pain syndrome.

In addition to cold symptoms, the patient has dyspnea and pale skin.
General weakness, increased sweating, chills, decreased appetite are also characteristic for intoxication and the onset of the inflammatory process in the lungs.

If such symptoms appear either in the midst of a cold, or a few days after the improvement, these may be the first signs of pneumonia. The patient should immediately consult a doctor to undergo a complete examination:

• To pass blood tests - general and biochemical
• To make a roentgenography of a thorax, if necessary and a computer tomography
• Sputum for culture and sensitivity of the pathogen to antibiotics
• Sputum for culture and microscopic determination of mycobacterium tuberculosis

The main first signs of pneumonia in children

Symptoms of pneumonia in children have several characteristics. Attentive parents may suspect the development of pneumonia with the following discomforts in the child:

• Temperature

Body temperature above 38C, lasting for more than three days, not knocked down by antipyretics, there may also be a high temperature of up to 3, especially in young children. At the same time, all signs of intoxication are manifested - weakness, increased sweating, lack of appetite. Small children (as well as elderly people), can not give high temperature fluctuations with pneumonia. This is due to imperfect thermoregulation and immaturity of the immune system.

• Breath

There is frequent shortness of breath: in children up to 2 months of age, 60 breaths per minute, up to 1 year, 50 breaths, after a year, 40 breaths per minute. Often the child spontaneously tries to lie down on one side. Parents may notice another sign of pneumonia in the child, if you undress the baby, then when breathing from the patient lung can be noticed the retraction of the skin in between the ribs and the lag in the process of breathing one side of the chest. There may be irregular breathing rhythm, with periodic stops of breathing, changes in the depth and frequency of breathing. In infants, shortness of breath is characterized by the fact that the child begins to nod his head in time with the breath, the baby can stretch his lips and inflate his cheeks, foamy discharge from the nose and mouth can appear.

• Atypical pneumonia

Inflammation of the lungs caused by mycoplasma and chlamydia differ in that first the disease passes like a cold, there is a dry cough, runny nose, swelling in the throat, but the presence of dyspnea and a stably high temperature should alert parents to the development pneumonia.

• Character of cough

Because of the perspiration in the throat, only coughing can appear first, then the cough becomes dry and painful, which is amplified by crying, feeding the baby. Later, the cough becomes wet.

• Behavior of the child

Children with pneumonia become capricious, whiny, sluggish, they are disturbed by sleep, sometimes can completely refuse to eat, and also to appear diarrhea and vomiting, in babies - regurgitation and rejection of breasts.

• Blood test

In the general analysis of blood, changes are detected that indicate an acute inflammatory process - increased ESR, leukocytosis, neutrophilia. Shift of the leukoformula to the left with increasing stab and segmented leukocytes. In viral pneumonia, along with high ESR, there is an increase in leukocytes due to lymphocytes.

With timely access to a doctor, adequate therapy and proper care for a sick child or adult, pneumonia does not lead to serious complications. Therefore, at the slightest suspicion of pneumonia, the patient should be given medical care as soon as possible.

zdravotvet.ru

Signs of bacterial pneumonia in an adult

• Bacterial pneumonia
• Viral pneumonia

The disease of pneumonia or pneumonia is usually caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or other organisms.

This inflammation causes fluid to flow into the infected part of the lungs, affecting one or both of the lungs.

Inflow of blood to the infected part of the lung (or lungs) decreases, which means that the oxygen level in the blood can decrease.

This decline is likely to occur in the elderly or malnourished people. During illness, the body tries to maintain blood flow to vital organs and reduce blood flow to other parts of the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract.

Causes of pneumonia in adults:

1. Bacterial pneumonia: this type of pneumonia usually begins after a flu, cold, or upper respiratory tract infection. Decreased immunity allows bacteria to multiply in the lungs, causing disease. There are many different bacteria that can cause inflammation of the lung tissue. The most common pathogen is pneumococcus. Microorganisms can spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes or touches objects with unwashed hands. Bacterial pneumonia can be a more serious disease than viral pneumonia.
2. Viral pneumonia. A variety of different viruses can cause viral pneumonia. Among them: influenza, chicken pox and respiratory syncytial virus. Viruses can be transmitted between people through coughing, sneezing or touching something that has been in contact with the liquid of the infected person.
3. Fungal pneumonia. It is most often caused by fungi from the environment.
4. Pneumonia of mycoplasma. Mycoplasma organisms invisible to the eye easily spread, especially in places of large concentrations of people (such as offices or schools). This type of pneumonia, as a rule, quickly passes.
5. Pneumocystis pneumonia. Caused by a yeast-like fungus, which is usually found in the lungs, without creating problems for the "master but can grow and lead to pneumonia in people whose immune system is weak (eg, due to AIDS, organ transplant, cancer, or chemotherapy).
6. Aspiration pneumonia. Occurs when the contents of the oral cavity and the nasopharynx are inhaled into the respiratory tract.
7. Legionnaires' disease. It is caused by a bacterium legionella, which lives in water. Disease Legionnaires can spread through contaminated plumbing, shower or air conditioning.

Signs of pneumonia in an adult with bacterial pneumonia

Doctors often divide bacterial pneumonia into a typical and atypical, based on the signs and symptoms of the disease.

A typical pneumonia occurs very quickly.

• Typical pneumonia usually leads to severe fever and chills.
• At the patient at cough sputum of yellow or brown color is allocated.
• There can be a pain in the chest, which, as a rule, increases with deep breathing or coughing. The chest can hurt when it is touched or pressed. Chest pain can be a sign of other serious illnesses, so do not try to diagnose inflammation of your lungs yourself.
• A typical pneumonia can cause dyspnea, especially if a person has any chronic lung disease, such as asthma or emphysema.
• Elderly people may suffer from confusion or mental impairment during pneumonia or other infections.

Atypical pneumonia begins gradually.

• Sometimes another illness begins several days or weeks before pneumonia.
• Fever is usually weak, and chills are less likely than in the case of typical pneumonia.
• The patient can complain to the doctor about a headache, body aches, and joint pain.
• Cough can be dry or with it a small amount of sputum is released.v
• Chest pain is often absent.
• There may be abdominal pain.
• There is a feeling of fatigue or weakness.

Bacterial pneumonia, like the virus, is contagious.

When to seek medical help?

• If the patient has a fever and cough with yellow, green or brown sputum, he should visit a doctor.

When to call an ambulance for pneumonia?

• If the patient has shortness of breath. This sign of lung inflammation in an adult as a breathlessness is not just a feeling that a person can not take a full breath. Shortness of breath means that the patient can not dial into the lungs enough air to meet the needs of the body. This is a potentially serious symptom and he always requires a visit to the emergency room.
• If the temperature rises above 39 ° C or falls below 35 ° C.
• If the pulse is equal to or greater than 125 beats per minute at rest.
• If the respiratory rate is more than 30 breaths per minute at rest.
• If a systolic blood pressure drop below 90 mm Hg occurred, resulting in dizziness, blockage, or fainting.
• If there is pain in the chest or confusion.

Risk factors for the development of pneumonia:

• a chronic health problem, such as diabetes;
• smoking;
• alcoholism or drug addiction;
• cardiac ischemia;
• a weak immune system, for example, due to the use of steroids or the use of drugs to suppress immunity (people with transplanted organs take such drugs);
• sick or damaged lungs due to asthma or emphysema;
• very young or very old age (over 65 years);
• life in a nursing home;
• problems with vomiting reflex (frequent suffocation or difficulty swallowing);
• a surgery to remove the spleen.

Complications that may occur from pneumonia include:

• Bacteremia: the infection penetrates into the bloodstream and can spread to various organs.
• Pleurisy and empyema: with pleurisy occurs an inflammation of the membrane, which covers the lungs (pleura). The empyema occurs when the fluid in the lungs that causes inflammation becomes infected.
• Lung abscess: cavities (or one cavity) filled with pus may appear in the infected area of ​​the lungs.
• Acute respiratory distress syndrome: when the lungs are severely damaged due to pneumonia, respiratory arrest may occur.

The first signs of viral pneumonia in adults: how to recognize viral inflammation

Viral pneumonia usually occurs in young children and the elderly. This is because the body of a young or elderly person is harder to fight the virus than an adult human body with a strong immune system.

In healthy adults, pneumonia usually proceeds easily. In contrast, elderly people and those with weakened immunity often develop severe viral pneumonia. Patients aged 65 years and over are at risk of dying from viral pneumonia, as well as from influenza not complicated by pneumonia.

Viral pneumonia is most often caused by one of several viruses:

• Adenovirus.
• Flu.
• Paragrippus. Parainfluenza virus is the second most important cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children and pneumonia and bronchitis in children under 6 months of age.
• Respiratory syncytial virus. This is the most common cause of lower respiratory infection in infants and children, and the second most common viral cause of pneumonia in adults. The first is influenza viruses.

Swine influenza (H1N1) was associated with an outbreak of pneumonia in 2009. The first reports came from Mexico, where there was a very high mortality from this disease. Many cases were also recorded in the US Nevertheless, early detection and treatment helped to significantly reduce the death rate from viral pneumonia.

Serious viral pneumonia is most likely to occur in:

• Premature babies.
• Children with heart and lung diseases.
• People infected with HIV.
• People undergoing cancer chemotherapy, or taking drugs that weaken the immune system.
• People who underwent organ transplantation.

The first signs of pneumonia in adults with viral infection

Symptoms and signs of viral pneumonia often develop slowly and at first seem harmless, whereas when Bacterial pneumonia develops very quickly and patients seek medical attention within a few days.

The most common signs are:

• Subfebrile temperature (less than 38.8 ° C).
• Cough with a little mucus.
• Fatigue.
• Muscle pain.
• Headache.
• Blue nails (due to lack of oxygen in the blood).
• Nausea and vomiting.

During a physical examination, the following signs of pneumonia can be observed in a patient:

• Tachypnea (rapid breathing).
• Tachycardia or bradycardia.
• The wheezing in the lungs.
• Dyspnea.
• Breast or intercostal retraction (internal muscle movements between the ribs).
• Decreased breathing sounds.
• Pleurisy.
• Cyanosis (blue skin).
• Rashes on the skin.
• Acute respiratory distress (a dangerous violation of pulmonary function, respiratory failure).

When to seek medical help?

You should see your doctor if any of the following symptoms appear:

• Persistent cough.
• Dyspnoea in motion, or at rest.
• Severe chest pain.
• Severe weakness.
• Coughing with blood.
• Vomiting is so strong or frequent that dehydration has occurred.
• Impossibility to eat and drink fluids.

How to recognize pneumonia in adults

Physical examination is necessary for the diagnosis of pneumonia. It can also help to determine how serious the disease is, and what can be its cause.

The doctor will listen to the heart, lungs and chest of the patient through a stethoscope.

It will also consider vital signs such as body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate.

Information collected during a physical examination can help a doctor determine if pneumonia is mild or severe.

• A chest X-ray may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis of "pneumonia". Many people with mild pneumonia symptoms are prescribed effective treatment without radiography. Nevertheless, patients with moderate and severe pneumonia often receive a chest x-ray to determine the extent of the disease and identify complications of the disease, such as pus in the lungs.
• Laboratory tests are sometimes required to diagnose pneumonia. Laboratory tests can help a doctor find out what caused pneumonia and how the patient's body tolerates the disease.
• The most common laboratory tests include: measuring the number and type of white blood cells in the blood, and using a sputum sample to help identify possible pathogens of the infection. People with difficulty breathing can undergo pulse oximetry (a test that allows you to assess the oxygen saturation and heart rate).

The patient should inform the doctor about any illnesses that he has, including abnormal vomiting reflex, alcohol or intravenous drug use, smoking and recent hospital. You also need to tell the doctor about a recent episode of a viral infection or flu-like symptoms.

What should I do with the first signs of pneumonia in adults?

• Do not smoke and do not allow others to smoke near the patient. Nicotine and other chemicals in cigarettes and cigars can lead to lung damage. Talk with your doctor before using electronic cigarettes and other drugs to help stop smoking.
• Have more rest.
• Use a household air humidifier. The patient is able to clear more sputum, if breathing with moist air.
• Drink fluids to help prevent dehydration when vomiting. In addition, the liquid helps to thinning the mucus, so it leaves the body more easily.
• Deep breathing and coughing. Deep breathing helps open the airways to the lungs. Cough helps to "drive out" mucus from the lungs. You need to take a deep breath and hold your breath for as long as you can. Then exhale the air and cough hard. Do 10 deep breaths in a row every hour from the moment you wake up.

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gajmorit.com

How to quickly identify pneumonia in the home?

How to identify pneumonia in the home? Pneumonia is a common infectious disease that affects the lung tissue. The inflammatory process develops in the alveoli and bronchi, leading to the appearance of pathological changes in them. Inflammation of the lungs is most common in children, but it is often diagnosed in adults. The causative agents of the disease are mycoplasmas, staphylococci and viruses. Depending on the type of microorganisms entering the lung tissue, the symptoms may vary.

Causes of pneumonia

Pneumonia occurs not only when it comes in contact with pathogens and viruses, it can also occur in bedridden patients with impaired pulmonary circulation. Therefore, the patient is often advised to turn over. This will help to avoid the formation of pressure sores that cause blood infection. The treatment takes about a month and includes the use of antibiotics, immunomodulators and restorative drugs, as well as physiotherapy. A good effect is given and some folk remedies.

The main signs of the disease are: pain behind the sternum, painful cough with sputum separation, severe fever, increased fatigue, pain in the muscles and joints.

If you have at least one of these symptoms, we recommend that you consult your doctor immediately.

Weakened immunity contributes to the rapid development of the disease, exacerbating its course of bad habits: smoking and alcoholism. The inhalation of tobacco smoke promotes irritation of bronchial mucous membranes. Other reasons for the development of pneumonia are: surgical interventions, chronic heart and vascular disease, endocrine disorders, malnutrition, poor environmental conditions. Inflammation of the lungs can be bacterial, viral and atypical. It can be quite difficult to understand what kind of disease the patient has. Signs of pneumonia can not be recognized, confused with the symptoms of colds and SARS. However, there are specific signs of how to recognize pneumonia.

How is pneumonia diagnosed?

So, let's figure out what to do if you are faced with such a disease as pneumonia, how to determine pneumonia? Clinical manifestations depend on the degree of damage to the lung tissue and the age of the patient. In children and older people, this disease is more severe. One of the characteristic signs of pneumonia is pain when coughing. Rare coughs eventually pass into a painful, debilitating cough. In addition, the body temperature rises sharply to 39-40 ° C and is accompanied by a fever. There are pains in the chest and stomach with inspiration, sneezing and coughing.

In the next stages of the disease, the patient experiences constant aching pain behind the sternum, breathing becomes more frequent. Sputum contains impurities of pus and has a yellow or brown color. When the temperature rises, the skin becomes dry and begins to peel off. Developing intoxication, which manifests itself in the form of rapid heartbeats and headaches. Dehydration begins.

In addition to the characteristic symptoms of pneumonia, there is a decrease in appetite, the appearance of an unhealthy blush on the cheeks, especially from the inflamed lung. Due to a strong decrease in immunity, stomatitis and eruptions on the lips may appear. Urine is released in small amounts and has a dark color.

In order to avoid serious complications, it is necessary to pass the examination and immediately begin treatment. Focal forms of the disease affect individual lobes of the lung and can occur without pronounced symptoms. Under the influence of some factors, focal inflammation can become aggravated and quickly capture the entire lung.

How to cure pneumonia on an outpatient basis? For proper treatment of pneumonia, complex therapy is required. The course of treatment is selected individually, depending on the causative agent of the disease and the main symptoms. Usually appoint several drugs compatible with each other. They can be picked up only by a doctor, in addition, in some cases, treatment should be adjusted.

Why take antibiotics?

Focal pneumonia, previously considered a fatal disease, with the help of modern antibiotics is completely cured. The main task of doctors is to select an effective antibiotic. Many pathogens of infection eventually become resistant to certain antibiotics, especially if they are not taken correctly.

Before the beginning of therapy it is necessary to hand over sputum for analysis. Sowing on nutrient media will help identify the causative agent of infection and select an antibacterial drug.

Light forms of pneumonia occur when the body gets mycoplasma, chlamydia and pneumococci. These pneumonia have their own characteristics, with the help of which doctors distinguish them from other forms of pneumonia. When pneumococcal infections are prescribed antibiotics penicillin series. If the disease is caused by mycoplasmas, antibiotics of the tetracycline series, fluoroquinolones and macrolides will be effective. Macrolides and fluoroquinolones are suitable for the destruction of chlamydia. The duration of treatment depends on how quickly the symptoms begin to subside. It is recommended to take antibiotics for at least a week.

How to remove phlegm?

An important part of the treatment is the excretion of phlegm from the lungs. Accumulation of sputum in the lungs promotes the multiplication of bacteria and aggravation of the course of the disease. Now, in the treatment of pneumonia, ambroxol is most commonly prescribed. This drug dilutes sputum without increasing its volume, activates bronchial peristalsis, which contributes to rapid excretion of sputum from the bronchi, stimulates the production of surfactant - a substance that prevents the gluing of the walls of the alveoli. Due to these properties, this drug can replace most mucolytics and antitussives. It can be used by inhalation or in the form of tablets and syrups.

A good effect in pneumonia is given by warming up and physiotherapy methods of treatment. They can be prescribed after lowering body temperature. At home, you can put banks and mustard plasters, carrying out these procedures in turn. Then go to the procedures conducted in the clinic. With pneumonia, UHF, electrophoresis with drugs, magnetotherapy, etc. are prescribed. In the recovery period, you can go through paraffin therapy and mud therapy. Exercise of respiratory exercises begins immediately after bringing the body temperature back to normal.

Folk methods of treatment of pneumonia

Reception of antibiotics can be combined with the use of such drugs:

1. 1 tbsp. a spoonful of St. John's wort and 3 tbsp. spoons of elecampane pour, l. boiling water. Broth boil on low heat for 30-40 minutes. Melt 2 cups of lime honey in a water bath. Add 1 cup of vegetable oil to the liquid honey. Then decoction of St. John's wort and elecampane strain and add to it the mixture of honey and butter obtained. Infuse the medicine in the refrigerator for 2 weeks in a glass container, then take 5 times a day for 1 hour. spoon. The course of treatment is 2 weeks.
2. 250 g. of aloe leaves finely chopped, mixed with, l. Cahors and 350 g. liquid honey. Infuse for 2 weeks, strain and take 1 tbsp. spoon 3 times a day.

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Rehabilitation of the patient

After treatment of pneumonia, it is recommended to eat a small piece of propolis daily, and also to inflate balloons. This exercise is necessary to increase the volume of the lungs and restore their functions.

respiratoria.ru

How to determine pneumonia: general rules

• Features
• How to identify

Intensive rhythm of life, changeable climate, stably bad ecology, particular colds, high level of resistance of microorganisms to antibacterial drugs - all this undermines the defenses of the body and can lead to serious diseases, many of which often occur in practice is asymptomatic.

Inflammation of the lungs, otherwise pneumonia, stands in the wake of this kind of "silent killers symptoms can be subtle, and the consequences are critical and even fatal.

Therefore, it is so important for every person to be able to navigate in time and recognize the symptoms of the disease as early as possible in order to be able to ask for help on time.

There are a number of "pre-existing" symptoms that allow one to answer the question of how to recognize pneumonia.

Conditionally they can be classified:

1. Common or extrapulmonary symptoms - high fatigue, decreased performance, weakness, fever, chills, pain in the muscles, severe sweating, fever, shortness of breath, both in motion and at rest, dyspepsia and skin rash.
2. Pulmonary symptoms - wet cough, profuse sputum, pain when trying to take a deep breath. Sometimes there are purulent discharge with blood veins.

Features of the development of the disease depending on the form of its manifestation

The nature of the course of pneumonia depends on the pathogen, the area of ​​the lesion, the general condition of the patient, his immunity, and age. Pathogens can be opportunistic microorganisms that are constantly present in the human body, pathogenic microorganisms, viruses, fungi.

Depending on the source of infection, the following forms of pneumonia are distinguished:

1. Croupous form, in which the infection penetrates into the parenchyma of the lobes of the lung.
2. Focal or bronchopneumonia.
3. Atypical.

How to determine inflammation of the lungs of a croupiform form?

Croupous form is easier to diagnose. Its characteristic feature is a sharp rise in temperature, which rests on a mark above 39 C, head pain, shortness of breath, cough, at the beginning of the disease dry, but on the 5th day often there is a "rusty" sputum, pain in breasts. Causes of the appearance of lung lesions of this nature often become hypothermia and overwork.

How to recognize pneumonia of the focal shape?

Focal inflammation of the lungs arises as a complication of diseases of the respiratory system. The development of the disease is not so rapid as in the croup type.

There is a slight increase in temperature (usually not higher than 3, C), and in people with weakened immunity the temperature and may be normal, exhausting cough, ungrowth mucus-purulent sputum, chest pain and shortness of breath may absent. This form of inflammation is dangerous because many patients, despite the increased fatigue and weakness, carry it "on their feet which threatens with serious complications.

How to identify pneumonia of the atypical type?

The nature of the development of atypical type of pneumonia is entirely dependent on the causative agent of the disease. So, with pneumonia caused by a dangerous legionella, it is characterized by extremely severe current. Dry cough, chest pain, dyspepsia, joint pain, and heart rate are observed. This form often gives serious complications to the internal organs.

Children have pneumonia, the causative agents of which are chlamydia and mycoplasma. Frequent markers of the atypical form are perspiration in the throat, enlarged lymph nodes, muscle pains, runny nose, etc.

How to determine inflammation of the lungs at home and in a hospital

With special responsibility it is necessary to approach the issue of timely detection of pneumonia in people at risk: abusing alcohol, suffering from immunodeficiency states of different etiology, elderly people, people in social dangerous situation.

There are several main points:

• it is worthwhile to suspect pneumonia with a sharp decrease in activity, the appearance of apathy, refusal to eat, increased sleepiness, difficulty in moving in the elderly;
• in alcohol-dependent patients, the nature of the course of the disease is extremely severe, often complicated by alcoholic psychosis arising from the inflammation of the lungs;
• the appearance of wheezing over a healthy lung with increasing dyspnea suggests the possibility of pulmonary edema;
• specific indicators of pneumonia - a one-sided cheeks blush, a significant increase in dyspnea, an increase in heart rate and dryness of the tongue.

It should be understood

No doctor will risk a diagnosis, based solely on the presence of any common symptoms, without confirming it with appropriate studies. Nevertheless, the presence in the anamnesis of markers of pneumonia is a signal for an immediate visit to a specialist.

Diagnosis of pneumonia in clinical settings

1. The main and most informative way to confirm suspicions of pneumonia is chest x-rayin two projections. X-ray allows you to consider in the picture the focus of the disease and confirm or deny the diagnosis.
2. In addition, laboratory studies are required: for the establishment of the pathogen, a bacteriological analysis of sputum, bronchoscopy, specific blood tests and other studies as necessary.

Because of the high likelihood of serious complications, it is extremely important to treat pneumonia in an inpatient setting under the watchful supervision of medical workers.

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gajmorit.com

How to recognize pneumonia? What are the first signs?

Answers:

Anna Varakuta

Pneumonia usually begins acutely - the temperature rises, the state of health worsens (in a newborn this manifests itself either in excitement or in lethargy). Cough begins - dry, superficial and painful. Often in the initial period, abdominal pain, headache.
The leading symptom is shortness of breath.
Respiration is frequent.
Inflating the wings of the nose in the child and the movement of the intercostal muscles.
There is a cyanosis around the mouth, which during crying or coughing intensifies.
Despite the heat, the child's hands and feet are cold.
In rare cases, pneumonia can occur without fever and shortness of breath, while the only symptoms of the disease are fatigue, poor health, lack of appetite and cough. If you suspect an inflammation of the lungs, immediately put the child in bed and call a doctor at the house. Do not forget that pneumonia is a serious illness of the body, which can lead to respiratory failure, convulsions and other life-threatening conditions. Complications of pneumonia can be inflammation of the lungs (pleurisy), inflammation of the middle ear, damage to the heart muscle.
Treatment of a child
Children of early age, i.e., those who have the most severe illness and develop respiratory failure more often should be treated at the hospital. Older children can be treated at home. But do not forget to fulfill the appointment of the attending physician.
You can not also interrupt treatment without consulting a doctor, even if the child is better. Breaks in treatment create the prerequisites for the recurrence of the disease or its transition to a chronic form. Treatment of pneumonia is long, it lasts at least 2-3 weeks. Medicines are prescribed by the doctor depending on the severity and form of the disease.
A child with pneumonia needs bed rest. Preferably half-sitting position in bed. To do this, the head end of the infant's bed should be raised. The position of the child must be constantly changed so that in the lower parts of the lungs there is no stagnation of blood, which contributes to exacerbation of the inflammatory process. Take the breast peptide more often in your arms and keep it in an upright position so that there is not much sputum in the lower parts of the lungs. Do not let a child cry because the need for oxygen increases during crying.
Room for the patient
The patient's room should be ventilated every 2 hours. In warm weather, the window can be permanently open. Place the baby cot so that the air from the window does not go directly to the child. The temperature of the air in the room should not exceed 20 ° C, the child should not be sheltered too warmly. Take care of the purity of the skin. Change your baby more often.
Food and well-being of the child
The child should be given a plentiful drink, and it should be given often and in small portions. Since the inflammation of the lungs disrupted the exchange in the lungs of carbon dioxide and blood oxygen accumulate under-oxidized metabolic products (the blood is acidified). This worsens the condition of the child. Therefore, as a drink do not fit sour juices.
Give the child tea with raspberry or black currant jam, borzhom.
From time to time, offer a 2% solution of baking soda.
The food should be easily digestible.
Do not give cakes with cream, fat cookies and others, though tasty, but difficult-digestible sweets.
Do not force the child to eat. As soon as he gets better, his appetite will improve.
The baby can be difficult, sucking the breast. In these cases, it is necessary to give expressed milk or to feed the baby with a spoon.
Be sure to watch the frequency of breathing and pulse of the child, as well as their ratio. An increase in the ratio of respiration and pulse should be reported immediately to the doctor.
It must also be ensured that the child has a regular stool. In an infant with pneumonia, bloating (flatulence) can occur, which in turn exacerbates respiratory failure. If within two days there was no chair, you should make a Kli

Steep-Kris

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Snow Maiden

temperature

konopatova

High fever and shortness of breath.

SIMONE

Dry and frequent cough, constantly high fever even in the morning, weakness, discomfort in the lungs ...

Kostya Kartashov

In the first, it simply did not arise.
Before the inflammation probably was the flu, then wet rales that do not go through the temperature and sweating in the evenings, after inhaling.
Then pneumonia.
And so it is necessary to knock, to listen.. .

Harmful Miracle

How to recognize pneumonia
Pneumonia: signs and treatment
Inflammation of the lungs is one of the most common human diseases. For some, especially in childhood, this is just punishment for some, for others - a rarity; third, such, to Unfortunately, not much, they themselves did not get pneumonia, but the relatives and friends who had been ill had enough quantity.
The respiratory system in general and the lungs in particular are very vulnerable to infectious diseases. With all the variety of methods of infection, the airborne transmission pathway is most common. It is not surprising that the upper respiratory tract is the advanced detachment of the fight against a multitude of viruses and bacteria. Under certain conditions - the weakness of immunity, high activity of the microbe, violation of the qualitative composition of the inhaled air, etc. - the infectious process is not localized only in the upper respiratory tract (nasopharynx, larynx, trachea), but spreads downward. Sometimes the process ends with inflammation of the bronchial mucosa - bronchitis, but, quite often, this is not limited to. There is inflammation of the lung tissue itself - this is pneumonia.
Virtually any microorganism can cause the development of pneumonia. Which specifically - depends on a number of factors. From the age of the patient, from the place where the inflammation of the lungs arises - at home or in the hospital, if in the hospital, in which department - in surgery, some microbes, in therapy others. An enormous role is played by the state of health of the body as a whole and the state of immunity in particular.
At the same time, the inflammation of the lungs is rarely the primary, that is, lived and was a healthy boy Vasya, suddenly, again, and fell ill with pneumonia. Inflammation of the lungs, as a rule, is secondary and represent a complication of another disease.
All these "other diseases" can be divided into two groups: acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) and everything else. In this case, pneumonia, as a complication of normal ARI (rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, bronchitis), is much more common than pneumonia in all other infections, injuries and surgeries. This is not at all surprising and is not due to any particular "fear" of respiratory viral infections, but to their widest prevalence - "pick up" SARS to the average person 1-2 times a year is possible for certain, and all the rest is from the case to the occasion.
Signs of pneumonia:
You should know some signs that allow you to suspect the development of pneumonia.
1. Cough became the main symptom of the disease.
2. Deterioration after improvement or any "catarrhal disease" lasting more than 7 days.
3. It is impossible to take a deep breath - such an attempt leads to a fit of coughing.
4. The expressed pallor of a skin on a background of other signs ORVI (temperature, a rhinitis, tussis).
5. Shortness of breath at a low body temperature.
6. At high temperature, paracetamol (panadol, epheralgan, tylenol) does not help at all.
I want to emphasize that the knowledge of the 6 mentioned characteristics is not necessary in order to make a diagnosis, but in order not to be drawn with seeking medical help.
The doctor has quite advanced methods of detecting pneumonia. In addition to listening and tapping, in doubtful cases, use a clinical blood test and X-ray examination - it almost always allows you to dot all the "i".
The choice of place of treatment - hospital or hospital - is determined by a number of factors - starting from the patient's age and ending with the qualification of the doctor and his desire to run to your house every day (although the salary from this is not will change). A very significant and most important moment is the real severity of pneumonia itself. Complicated forms of the disease that occur with respiratory or heart failure, with obstructive syndrome (obstruction - that just is a blockage of bronchi with dense phlegm), with pleurisy - are treated exclusively in hospital. Uncomplicated pneumonia can be treated at home.
How is pneumonia treated?
Anything that would

Sveta Zhuk

chest pain and hard breathing

Svetlana

The best diagnostician: pathologist. Always the correct diagnosis.

Anna Nazarova

Authentically - only roentgenologically. The final diagnosis without it is not put.

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