What distinguishes bronchitis from pneumonia

What distinguishes bronchitis from inflammation are easy? Is it also another? How much do I know in both cases of a dropper and an injection?

Answers:

LEXX

as the disease occurs, first the process begins in the upper respiratory tract, for example, in the trachea, where the infection could in turn come from both the nasal cavity and pharynx and for example directly from the patient, there is inflammation of the mucosa of the trachea (tracheitis), there is pershenie, hoarseness of the voice, a cough appears, usually dry, in children there can be a temperature, then the process of inflammation descends lower, ie bronchial mucosa is already bronchitis, cough can be initially dry, then with phlegm, further the inflammation descends into the lumen of the smaller bronchi (bronchioles) where the bronchiolitis begins, then it extends to the alveoli (these are the lowest parts of the respiratory tract where there is gas exchange carbon dioxide is eliminated, and oxygen is absorbed by red blood cells, or rather hemoglobin in them and carries to every cell of the body) inflammation in the most lower sections and called pneumonia or pneumonia, there is already a temperature in everyone, in adults, as a rule 37, and in the elderly sometimes it does not happen with sluggish stagnant pneumonia,... can occur pain with a deep breath at the site of inflammation, most often with focal pneumonia suffer the lower and middle lobes of the right lung... expectoration is mandatory! at a virus causative agent liquid, white or transparent, and at bacterial yellow or green, dense, purulent, at a long bronchitis too there can be such sputum, at smokers especially... bronchitis is treated with expectorants and agents that dilute sputum, as well as anti-inflammatory and running cases of AB more often in tablets, and pneumonia, without AB is not complete, and not in tablets, but in / m injections, in young pneumonia. they are treated in a hospital... Bronchitis is treated in nonsmokers, with prvvilnom treatment, a week, and smokers are delayed for 1-2 months, as well as can move into a chronic, with frequent exacerbations... If you do not heal pneumonia, then you can earn an abscess of the lung and get under the knife of a surgeon's uncle, for drainage, and with timely detection of the disease and adequate treatment, usually 2-3 Weeks ...

starina-07

in general, the bronchi are bronchi, and the lungs are... .
a different course of treatment - bronchi so much does not catch cold as the lungs can ...

Polina Tudoran

Bronchitis is an inflammation in the bronchi, and pneumonia in the lungs. Bronchitis can be cured without injections. But most likely both there, and there is no way to do without antibiotics.

Elena Zinchik

No, the uncomplicated form is also treated with pills.

Ksyusha

Droppers in both cases can be avoided (with bronchitis, I did not hear that it was put). But the difference is that bronchitis is inflamed with bronchitis. with pneumonia - light.

Zina Zeta

And bronchitis and vosp. lungs can and should be treated only with natural preparations, then you can not allow either one or the other. it is important to know exactly the cause of the inflammation, and you will not find it, solder a couple of courses of antibiotics, plant immunity at 0, add fungi to the blood and will go with chronic bronchitis or inflammation.

Kuzovlev Andrey Sergeevich

Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchial tissue, which usually does not pass to surrounding tissues. Pneumonia, as a rule, captures generalized all the lungs or most of it. With pneumonia, stronger antibacterial drugs are prescribed in more shock doses than with bronchitis. And, as a rule, pneumonia occurs much heavier than bronchitis.

Valentina

Diseases are different. In droppers and injections, antibiotics are usually administered, which are necessary to treat both diseases. There are antibiotics taken through the gastrointestinal tract, i.e., through the mouth. Do not heal yourself !!!

Larissa

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial mucosa (tracheal branches).
Inflammation of the lungs (pneumonia) is caused by a multiplicity of various kinds of bacteria, viruses and fungi. As a result, the disease is filled with fluid and pus, lungs alveoli, because of which the lungs become dense and the air hardly enters them. When inflammation should not be joking since at first you need to inject antibiotics intravenously
And with bronhitenuzhen rest, taking analgesics for pain relief and taking medications from cough are sold in any pharmacy without a prescription. Also carry out steam inhalations. In some cases, antibiotics are needed.
With bronchitis, there is also a folk remedy to grate the horseradish on a grater with sunflower oil (so that there is no burn) and put on your chest only you need to spread it in several layers of cotton fabric.
Do not be ill be healthy

How to distinguish bronchitis from pneumonia

With inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system, there is often a question about the difference between bronchitis and pneumonia. Both can develop as a result of hypothermia, under the influence of various microorganisms, as a complication of respiratory viral infections. Bronchitis is an acute inflammation of bronchial mucous membranes, and pneumonia is inflammation of the lungs.

You will need

1. - Radiography of the lungs.

Instructions

1. Acute bronchitis, as a rule, begins against a background of a laryngitis, a rhinitis, a sinusitis. First there is a small temperature, dry or wet cough, weakness. In severe disease, the temperature can rise significantly, there is difficulty breathing and shortness of breath. Pain in the lower parts of the chest is associated with muscle overexertion when coughing.
2. Croupous pneumonia begins acutely, most often, after severe hypothermia. The temperature rises sharply to 39-40 degrees, the patient beats a strong chill. Immediately there is pain when breathing and coughing from the side of the affected lung. Cough is accompanied by the release of purulent viscous sputum with blood veins. The patient's condition is difficult. Breathing shallow, rapid, swelling of the wings of the nose. The affected side of the chest is markedly lagging behind when breathing from a healthy one.
3. With bronchitis, acute symptoms subsided to 3-4 days, and with a favorable course of the disease - completely disappear within a week and a half. Most patients with pneumonia require hospitalization and rather lengthy treatment.
4. For pneumonia, there are signs of general intoxication, a violation of tissue respiration, which is manifested by pronounced blueing of the nail phalanges of the fingers and toes, ear lobes, nose tips. Depending on the stage of the illness, when listening to breathing, sounds of crepitation (the sound of decaying alveoli), noise of friction of the pleura are heard. With bronchitis - the breathing is hard, dry and wet fine-bubbling rales are caught.
5. The most accurate way that will distinguish bronchitis from pneumonia is the radiography of the lungs. Inflammation of the bronchi does not cause any significant changes in the lungs. X-ray examination of pneumonia, depending on the severity of the disease, shows a darkening of the entire affected lobe of the lung or part of it.

KakProsto.ru

How can one distinguish bronchitis from pneumonia?

Do you know how to distinguish bronchitis from pneumonia?After all, in most cases, these diseases are accompanied by coughing attacks, the duration of which can be several weeks in a row.Therefore, it is very important to seek help from a specialist in time to make a correct diagnosis, because these diseases have certain differences in symptoms.

The main characteristics of bronchitis

Acute bronchitis is an inflammatory process that occurs in the mucous membrane of the bronchi. The disease can occur after a previous viral illness, such as ARVI or flu, but sometimes it develops on its own.

The main symptoms of bronchitis include:

• a protracted cough (first dry and painful, and then wet, with sputum discharge);
• unpleasant sensations and pain behind the sternum;
• chills and a slight increase in temperature;
• hard breathing accompanied by wheezing;
• dyspnea;
• weakness and aches in the whole body.

Highlights of pneumonia

Pneumonia is referred to as acute infectious diseases that affect the lung tissue. In this case, the inflammatory process involves not only bronchi and bronchioles, but also the alveoli.

Symptoms of pneumonia are very similar to the symptoms of acute bronchitis: first a pronounced dry, and then a wet cough with a certain amount of phlegm, rales and a significant increase in temperature body.

The main symptoms of pneumonia include:

• cough;
• pain during coughing and with deep inspiration;
• frequent shallow breathing;
• coryza;
• dyspnea;
• chills and fever;
• general weakness;
• trembling of the voice;
• headache.

The main differences between bronchitis and pneumonia

With all the similarity of symptoms, there are some differences between these two diseases. Most often, bronchitis is accompanied by wheezing, and when pneumonia they are, on the contrary, dry or wet, but not whistling. To the distinctive characteristics of pneumonia, doctors refer to a decrease in appetite, sleep disturbances and symptoms of general intoxication of the body. It is also worth noting that often pneumonia actively develops against the background of ARVI and body temperature can reach 40 ° C.

With the aim of establishing the correct diagnosis, experts prescribe an x-ray examination. It is on the X-ray that you can clearly see if the lung tissue is damaged or not. If the inflammatory process affected the lung tissue, then it is a question of pneumonia. If not, the doctor diagnoses bronchitis.

From the attending physician and the establishment of an accurate diagnosis, the treatment of this disease and the prevention of possible complications directly depend. As a rule, pneumonia is the most frequent complication of bronchitis. But as a result of pneumonia can develop such formidable conditions, as pleurisy or emphysema of the lungs.

Treatment: the main principles

Acute bronchitis can easily be overcome independently, at home, about a week, but cough can persist for several weeks and even months. Moreover, if the symptoms of the disease worsen or noticeably changed, you should immediately call your doctor to confirm or deny the diagnosis.

In most cases, for the treatment of acute bronchitis, modern doctors prescribe antiviral drugs, since this disease is caused by a virus, and antibiotics will not have any effect. But sometimes the bronchitis can cause bacteria - then the attending physician is simply obliged to prescribe the patient antibiotics. Most often, the treatment is aimed at eliminating the symptoms of this disease. That is why it is necessary to maximally increase the daily intake of liquid and try to rest more.

Inflammation is considered a more formidable disease than annoying bronchitis. According to experts, there are several types of pneumonia. One of the most common forms of pneumonia in an adult is bacterial pneumonia, which quickly enough can go into a serious condition and even cause death.

Treatment of inflammation of the lungs directly depends on the original cause, but if a patient has a pneumonia of bacterial etiology, then, of course, antibiotics are at the heart of the treatment. As for the elimination of the symptoms of this disease, other medicines may be prescribed, which the doctor will select individually. Do not forget that with inflammation of the lungs it is very important to observe the regime of the day and rest. Such a serious illness requires enough time to fully recover and recover from it.

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So, we can summarize: with bronchitis inflammation occurs in the bronchi, and with pneumonia, inflammation spreads to the lung tissue. Treatment of bronchitis is possible at home, while observing bed rest, but any form of pneumonia is treated exclusively in the hospital. And most importantly, most often the treatment of bronchitis occurs without the use of any antibiotics, and inflammation of the lungs requires the immediate appointment of appropriate antibiotic therapy.

If it is good to know the symptoms, it is not difficult to distinguish bronchitis from pneumonia.

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How to distinguish pneumonia from bronchitis

For an ordinary cold, people sometimes do not pay attention: they say, there is no time to go to doctors, to be treated, it will somehow pass! Or try to treat it with home remedies, like hot tea with lemon or raspberry jam. As a result, often the inflammatory process descends from the upper respiratory tract to the lower ones, capturing the area of ​​the bronchi. So there is bronchitis. And then, especially if the immunity of a person is significantly weakened, bronchitis can pass into pneumonia - pneumonia. How can you distinguish between bronchitis and pneumonia?

Characteristic signs of bronchitis

The main symptom of acute bronchitis is a severe cough, often accompanied by the separation of sputum. Often the temperature rises, but in most cases it is insignificant - up to 3, -3, ° C. When you cough, dry wheezing occurs. In bronchitis, in most cases, cough is not accompanied by pain in the chest.

Bronchitis can cause weakness, loss of strength, but, as a rule, to a minor extent. Also the patient can complain of a headache, watery eyes, a sore throat. Other symptoms of this disease may be chest tightness, heavy breathing, attacks of suffocation. In acute bronchitis, a person may have a runny nose, chills, fever, burning sensation in the chest.

The main symptoms of pneumonia

With pneumonia, the temperature often reaches 39-40 ° C. A sick person experiences a severe chill, a cough accompanied by pain in the chest in the lesion. In the sputum, which goes away when coughing, there may be impurities of blood. Cough is usually weaker than with bronchitis, and not dry, but moist. An experienced doctor on this basis can distinguish pneumonia from bronchitis after listening to the patient with a stethoscope.

Due to the violation of gas exchange due to inflammation of the lung tissue in a person who has pneumonia, dyspnea often occurs. And due to the strong poisoning of the organism by the products of cell disintegration, there is a headache, weakness, apathy, the pulse becomes more frequent. There may be insomnia, increased sweating, fever. In pneumonia, cough is often accompanied by a dense reddish or greenish sputum.

If the doctor remains in doubt after a general examination and listening to the patient, bronchitis or pneumonia, an additional examination is necessary. Until now, chest X-rays are widely used. For greater reliability, the image is taken in two projections - directly and from the side.

Recently, many doctors began to use for the preliminary diagnosis the result of a blood test for C-reactive protein. This analysis shows how far the inflammatory process in the body went. If the concentration of C-reactive protein approaches 100 mg / liter, the patient may have pneumonia. Then, for the final diagnosis, he is sent to X-ray. If the concentration is much lower, the probability of pneumonia is very small.

KakProsto.ru

Symptoms and treatment of pneumonia and bronchitis

Pneumonia, bronchitis have similar symptoms. Both diseases are very dangerous for humans. Bronchitis - the one that can, for example, go into asthma. Pneumonia - the fact that a person quickly dies if not in time to establish a diagnosis and not start treatment. In order not to put your own or someone else's life in jeopardy, you need to know the symptoms of diseases.

Consequences of diseases

Cough, runny nose, fever are typical for all respiratory diseases. Therefore, many people do not rush to address to doctors, considering a cold as a condition that can be passed on their feet. As a result, some patients are worth living. Pneumonia is amenable to successful treatment, but in the later stages, it is often impossible to save a person. This is the main danger.

Bronchitis rarely leads to death, but in the absence of proper treatment can go into asthma. And this disease can greatly undermine not only human health, but also worsen the quality of life. A patient with asthma needs regular medication, certain living conditions and a proper diet. Ailment can lead to disability in a person. For example, heart failure may become a complication of bronchitis. And this is also unsafe for a person.

Before you once again go to work for a cold, a person should consider whether The risk to which he exposes himself, with those operational issues that he so fears not to solve during.

Why should coughing cause anxiety?

A prolonged, severe cough, which changes into coughing attacks, difficulty expectoration of sputum - the first symptoms of bronchitis.

Bronchitis is an inflammatory process in the bronchi that helps to supply the lungs with air and oxygenate.If you do not treat the disease, then it goes into a severe chronic form and at a certain stage may be incompatible with life.Ailment often occurs simultaneously with a cold disease, can accompany the development of influenza, become the result of exposure to the body of allergens, other viruses.

It starts with a dry cough that intensifies in the evening and at night. As a result, the patient does not allow the person to fully sleep. Very quickly, the cough becomes moist, while the temperature of the body may slightly increase. The head starts to hurt strongly, there is a feeling of exhaustion and fatigue.

Increased temperature, exhaustion, fatigue pass in a few days. But the person continues to suffer from a cough for a long time. The patient can cough for several weeks, months. When coughing, lasting more than 2 weeks, you should conduct a blood test from your finger, biochemistry, take a picture of the lung and be sure to visit a doctor at a pulmonologist. This visit should not be postponed, as it is dangerous for the emergence of diseases: asthma, lung cancer, tuberculosis, pneumonia.

If the temperature rises to 40 ° C, sputum becomes dense and blood appears in it, it is necessary to urgently call a doctor.

And if you can not bring down the temperature and its continued growth - to call for first aid.

Why does a person die very quickly?

Pneumonia is a very serious inflammation of the lung tissue. The alveoli and interstitial tissue are affected.

Depending on the extent of lung damage, the ailment is focal, segmental, fractional, total.
It can be one-sided and two-sided.

In the first case, only one lung is exposed to the attack of the disease, in the second - both lungs. Often observed bacterial, fungal, viral-bacterial pneumonia with or without impaired immunity in humans.

There are other types of disease. The development of the disease can be very rapid. Sometimes, if you are late with the appointment of antibacterial treatment, a person dies after 8 hours.

How to distinguish bronchitis from pneumonia?

In order to accurately establish the diagnosis, it is necessary to know the signs that pneumonia differs from bronchitis and other colds. Development of the disease can occur in several scenarios.

In a typical scenario of the development of the disease, there is a sharp increase in temperature, with a significant amount of purulent sputum secreted during coughing. A person may experience pain in the area of ​​the bronchi and lung. The patient is often observed strong trembling and vibration of the voice: if a person is hoarse, he makes a wheezy or whistling sound, his voice does not obey.

More atypical atypical scenario of the development of the disease. In this case, the disease sneaks up unnoticed. This stage is characterized by dry cough, sore throat, headaches, weakness, malaise. It is this stage that is often confused with an ordinary cold or bronchitis.

If any signs of pneumonia are detected, the patient should consult a doctor in order to confirm or deny the diagnosis by accurate diagnostic methods. And this is the case when it is always better to be safe than to presumptuously risk your health and life.

How to accurately establish the diagnosis?

Precisely establish the diagnosis will help basic and additional methods of diagnosis.
The first include:

1. Chest pictures (radiography).
2. Microscopic examination of sputum (done with Gram staining).
3. Sputum culture for the presence of nutrient media.
4. Blood tests using biochemical and general methods.
5. The study of blood for gas composition.

Do not neglect and additional methods. They include:

1. Computed tomography of the thorax.
2. Paracentesis of the pleural cavity.
3. Pleural biopsy.
4. Bronchoscopy with biopsy.
5. The study of the sowing of blood for the presence of a nutrient medium.
6. A blood test to identify specific antibodies.
7. A biopsy of the lung.
8. A lung biopsy done after diagnostic thoracotomy.
9. Examination of urine.

How to recover?

In order to get rid of the disease, antibiotics are chosen taking into account the effectiveness of their effect on the microorganism that caused the disease. For this purpose, drugs that expand the bronchi and dilute sputum can be used. They are taken by the patient inside or injected into the patient. For the same purpose, saline solutions are used, which are made intravenously, and oxygen.

In addition, the patient is recommended to do physiotherapeutic procedures using paraffin, ozocerite. A good result in the therapy process is provided by physical therapy, vibration massage and ultraviolet irradiation.

If the causative agent of the disease is not established, the patient is treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as penicillin, cephalosporin. Macrolides, respiratory fluoroquinolones, carbapenems are also used.
If the drugs give an effect, then the third day after the application of antibiotics, normalization of body temperature is observed. To make sure that the course is appointed correctly, the patient is chest radiograph, analyzes are performed.

If the drugs do not help the patient, antibiotics of a different type are prescribed.

What preventive measures are used?

Despite the fact that pneumonia is very insidious, you can protect yourself from it. It is necessary to avoid hypothermia, do not assume that the cold has acquired a chronic form. Do not give up special vaccines aimed at preventing pneumococcal infections and hemophilic pneumonia.

People's funds will help prevent the development of the disease. For example, it protects bronchi and lungs of mutton fat well. It can be bought in any market. Fat suitable for internal use. He is drowning in a frying pan, poured a little cool in the tank. Add 2 teaspoons to the patient in boiled milk. Drink when the milk is still warm enough. If this remedy is started to be used from the first days of treatment, then cough does not appear, and the cold passes easier and faster.

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It is necessary to remember: timely application for help to qualified specialists will help diagnose neoplasms at early stages, which, accordingly, will help save lives. Do not neglect health.

respiratoria.ru

Pneumonia in a child - symptoms, treatment, causes

Inflammation of the lungs or pneumonia is one of the most common acute infectious and inflammatory diseases of a person. Moreover, the concept of pneumonia does not include various allergic and vascular lung diseases, bronchitis, and also pulmonary function disorders, caused by chemical or physical factors (injuries, chemical burns).

Especially often there are pneumonia in children, the symptoms and signs of which are reliably determined only on the basis of X-ray data and a general blood test. Pneumonia among all pulmonary pathologies in young children is almost 80%. Even with the introduction of progressive technologies in medicine - the discovery of antibiotics, improved methods of diagnosis and treatment - until now this disease is among the top ten most frequent causes of death. According to statistics in various regions of our country, the incidence of pneumonia in children is, %.

When and why can a child develop pneumonia?

Lungs in the human body perform several important functions. The main function of the lungs is the gas exchange between the alveoli and the capillaries, which envelop them. Simply put, oxygen from the air in the alveolus is transported to the blood, and from the blood carbon dioxide enters the alveolus. They also regulate body temperature, regulate blood coagulability, are one of the filters in the body, contribute to the purification, removal of toxins, disintegration products arising from various traumas, infectious inflammatory processes.

And when food poisoning, a burn, a fracture, surgical interventions occur, in case of any serious injury or disease, there is a general decrease in immunity, it is easy to cope with the filtration load toxins. That is why very often after a child has suffered or is suffering from injuries or poisonings, pneumonia occurs.

The most common pathogens are pathogens - pneumococci, streptococci and staphylococci, and recently cases of lung inflammation from such pathogens as pathogenic fungi, legionella (usually after staying at airports with artificial ventilation), mycoplasma, chlamydia, which are not often mixed, associated.

Pneumonia in a child, as an independent disease that occurs after a serious, strong, prolonged hypothermia, it is extremely rare, as parents try not to allow such situations. As a rule, in most children, pneumonia occurs not as a primary disease, but as a complication after an acute respiratory viral infection or influenza, less often other diseases. Why is this happening?

Many of us believe that acute viral respiratory diseases in the last decades have become more aggressive, dangerous their complications. Perhaps this is due to the fact that both viruses and infections have become more resistant to antibiotics and antiviral drugs, so they are so hard for children and cause complications.

One of the factors contributing to the increase in the incidence of pneumonia in children in recent years has been the overall poor health in the younger generation - how many children are born with congenital pathologies, malformations, lesions of the central nervous system. Especially severe pneumonia occurs in premature or newborn babies, when the disease develops against the background of intrauterine infection with insufficiently formed, not mature respiratory system.

In congenital pneumonia, the herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, mycoplasmas are not infrequently causative agents, and with infection during labor, chlamydia, group B streptococci, opportunistic fungi, E. coli, Klebsiella, anaerobic flora, when infected with hospital infections, pneumonia begins on day 6 or 2 weeks after birth.

Naturally, pneumonia often happens in cold weather, when the organism is subjected to seasonal adjustment from heat to cold and vice versa, there are overloads for immunity, at this time there is a lack of natural vitamins in foods, temperature changes, damp, frosty, windy weather contribute to children's hypothermia and their infection.

In addition, if a child suffers from any chronic diseases - tonsillitis, adenoids in children, sinusitis, dystrophy, rickets (see. rickets in infants), cardiovascular disease, any severe chronic pathologies, such as congenital lesions central nervous system, malformations, immunodeficiency states - significantly increase the risk of developing pneumonia, weighed down its course.

The severity of the disease depends on:

• Extensibility of the process (focal, focal, draining, segmental, lobar, interstitial pneumonia).
• The child's age, the younger the baby, the narrower the airways, the less intense gas exchange in the child's body and the heavier the course of pneumonia.
• Places where and for what reason there was a pneumonia:
  - community-acquired: most often have an easier flow
  - hospital: more severe, because it is possible to infect bacteria resistant to antibiotics
  - Aspiration: when inhaled foreign objects, mixture or milk.
• The most important role in this is played by the general health of the child, that is, his immunity.

Improper treatment of influenza and ARVI can lead to pneumonia in the child

When a child falls ill with an ordinary cold, SARS, influenza - the inflammatory process is localized only in the nasopharynx, trachea and larynx. With a weak immune response, and also if the causative agent is very active and aggressive, and the treatment in the child is carried out incorrectly, the process of reproduction of bacteria descends from the upper respiratory tract to the bronchi, then bronchitis. Further, the inflammation can affect the lung tissue, causing pneumonia.

What happens in the body of a child in a viral disease? Most adults and children in the nasopharynx always have different opportunistic microorganisms - streptococci, staphylococci, without causing harm to health, because local immunity holds them back growth.

However, any acute respiratory disease leads to their active reproduction and with the correct action of the parents during the illness of the child, immunity does not allow their intensive growth.

What should not be done during ARVI in the child, so as not to cause complications:

• You can not use antitussives. Coughing is a natural reflex that helps the body to clear the trachea, bronchi and lungs from mucus, bacteria, toxins. If for the treatment of a child, in order to reduce the intensity of dry cough, use antitussives that affect the cough center in the brain, such as Stoptosin, Broncholitin, Libexin, Paxeladin, then sputum and bacteria may accumulate in the lower respiratory tract, which ultimately leads to inflammation lungs.
• It is not possible to conduct any preventive therapy with antibiotics for colds, with a viral infection (see. antibiotics for colds). Against the virus, antibiotics are powerless, and with opportunistic bacteria immunity should cope, and only when complications arise according to the doctor's appointment is shown their use.
• The same applies to the use of various nasal vasoconstrictors, their use contributes to a faster penetration of the virus into the lower respiratory tract; therefore, galazoline, naphthysine, sanorin should not be used in case of a viral infection safely.
• Abundant drink - one of the most effective methods of removing intoxication, dilution of sputum and rapid cleansing respiratory tract is an abundant drink, even if the child refuses to drink, parents should be very persistent. If you do not insist that the child drink enough fluids, in addition, the room will have dry air - this will help to dry the mucosa, which can lead to a longer course of the disease or complication - bronchitis or pneumonia.
• Permanent ventilation, lack of carpets and carpeting, daily wet cleaning of the room in which the child is, Humidification and air purification with the help of a humidifier and an air cleaner will help to cope faster with the virus and prevent development pneumonia. As clean, cool, moist air helps to dissolve sputum, quickly remove toxins with sweat, cough, wet breath, which allows the child to recover faster.

Acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis - differences from pneumonia

With SARS usually the following symptoms:

• High temperature in the first 2-3 days of the disease (see Fig. antipyretics for children)
• Headache, chills, intoxication, weakness
• Qatar upper respiratory tract, runny nose, cough, sneezing, sore throat (it does not always happen).

In acute bronchitis with Orvy, the following symptoms may occur:

• Minor increase in body temperature, usually up to 38C.
• First the cough is dry, then it becomes wet, there is no shortness of breath, unlike pneumonia.
• Breathing becomes hard, on different sides there are variously scattered rales that change or disappear after coughing.
• On the roentgenogram, the intensification of the pulmonary pattern is determined, the structure of the roots of the lungs decreases.
• There are no local changes in the lungs.

Bronchiolitis occurs most often in children up to a year:

• The difference between bronchiolitis and pneumonia can be determined only by X-ray examination, based on the absence of local changes in the lungs. According to the clinical picture, the acute symptoms of intoxication and the increase in respiratory insufficiency, the appearance of dyspnoea - very much resemble pneumonia.
• In bronchiolitis, the breathing in a child is weakened, shortness of breath with the help of an auxiliary musculature, nasolabial the triangle becomes a bluish hue, a common cyanosis is possible, a pronounced pulmonary-cardiac failure. When listening to a boxed sound is detected, the mass of scattered small bubbling rales.

Signs of pneumonia in the child

With a high activity of the causative agent of the infection, or with a weak immune response of the body to it, when even the most effective preventive medical measures do not stop inflammatory process and the child's condition worsens, parents can for some symptoms guess that the child needs more serious treatment and urgent examination doctor. In this case, in no case should not begin treatment by any popular method. If it really is pneumonia, it will not only not help, but the condition may worsen and time for adequate examination and treatment will be missed.

Symptoms of pneumonia in a child 2 - 3 years and older

How to identify attentive parents with a cold or viral illness that it is necessary to urgently call a doctor and suspect a pneumonia in the child? Symptoms that require an X-ray diagnosis:

• After Orvi, influenza within 3-5 days there is no improvement or after a slight improvement again there is a temperature jump and increased intoxication, coughing.
• Lack of appetite, sluggishness of the child, sleep disturbance, capriciousness persist within a week after the onset of the illness.
• The main symptom of the disease remains a strong cough.
• The body temperature is not high, but the baby has shortness of breath. In this case, the number of breaths per minute in a child increases, the rate of breaths per minute in children aged 1-3 years 25-30 breaths, children 4-6 years - a rate of 25 breaths per minute, if the child is in a relaxed calm condition. With pneumonia, the number of breaths becomes larger than these figures.
• With the other symptoms of a viral infection - cough, temperature, cold, severe pallor of the skin is observed.
• If the temperature is high for more than 4 days and antipyretic agents such as Paracetamol, Efferalgan, Panadol, Tylenol are not effective.

Symptoms of pneumonia in infants, children under one year of age

The onset of the disease can be noticed by the mom by changing the behavior of the baby. If the child constantly wants to sleep, become sluggish, apathetic or vice versa, a lot of naughty, crying, refuses to eat, while the temperature may slightly increase - mom should urgently turn to pediatrician.

Body temperature

In the first year of life, pneumonia in a child, a symptom which is considered to be high, not knocked down temperature, is different in that at this age it is not high, does not reach 3, or even 3, -3,. The temperature is not an indication of the severity of the state.

The first symptoms of pneumonia in an infant

This causeless anxiety, lethargy, decreased appetite, the baby refuses from the breast, the sleep becomes restless, short, there is a loose stool, there may be vomiting or regurgitation, a runny nose and a paroxysmal cough that worsens during crying or feeding child.

Child's breathing

Pain in the chest with breathing and coughing.
Sputum - with a damp cough, purulent or mucopurulent sputum (yellow or green) is secreted.
Shortness of breath or an increase in the number of respiratory movements in young children is a clear sign of pneumonia in a child. Dyspnoea in babies can be accompanied by nodding to the breath, as well as the baby blows his cheeks and extends his lips, sometimes there are foamy discharge from the mouth and nose. The symptom of pneumonia is considered to be the excess of the number of breaths per minute:

• In children up to 2 months - the norm is up to 50 breaths per minute, more than 60 is considered a high frequency.
• In children, after 2 months to a year, the norm is 25-40 breaths, if 50 or more, this is an excess of the norm.
• In children older than one year, the number of breaths more than 40 is considered a shortness of breath.

The skin relief during breathing changes. Attentive parents can also notice the retraction of the skin during breathing, more often on one side of the patient's lung. To notice this, it is necessary to undress the baby and observe the skin between the ribs, it retracts when breathing.

With extensive lesions, there may be a lag of one side of the lung with deep breathing. Sometimes you can notice periodic stopping of breathing, disturbance of rhythm, depth, breathing frequency and the child's desire to lie on one side.

Cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle

This is the most important symptom of pneumonia, when the blue skin appears between the lips and the spout of the baby. Especially this sign is pronounced when the child sucks the breast. With severe respiratory failure, a slight blueing can be not only on the face, but also on the body.

Chlamydia, mycoplasmal pneumonia in children

Among the pneumonias, the causative agents of which are not banal bacteria, but various atypical representatives secrete mycoplasmal and chlamydial pneumonia. In children, the symptoms of such pneumonia are slightly different from the course of the usual pneumonia. Sometimes they are characterized by a hidden sluggish current. Symptoms of SARS in a child can be as follows:

• The onset of the disease is characterized by a sharp rise in body temperature to 3, C, then a stable subfebrile temperature of -3, -3 is formed, or even a temperature normalization occurs.
• It is also possible the onset of the disease with the usual signs of ARVI - sneezing, choking in the throat, a bad cold.
• Persistent dry debilitating cough, shortness of breath may not be permanent. Such a cough usually occurs with acute bronchitis, and not pneumonia, which complicates the diagnosis.
• When listening to a doctor, scanty data are usually presented: rare variegated rattles, pulmonary percussion sound. Therefore, according to the nature of wheezing, it is difficult for a doctor to determine atypical pneumonia, since there are no traditional signs, which greatly complicates the diagnosis.
• In the analysis of blood in atypical pneumonia there may be no significant changes. But usually there is increased ESR, neutrophilic leukocytosis, a combination with anemia, leukopenia, eosinophilia.
• On the x-ray of the chest reveals a pronounced enhancement of the pulmonary pattern, non-uniform focal infiltration of the pulmonary fields.
• Both chlamydia and mycoplasma have a feature that exists for a long time in the epithelial cells of the bronchi and lungs, therefore, pneumonia usually has a prolonged recurrent character.
• Treatment of atypical pneumonia in the child is carried out by macrolides (azithromycin, josamycin, clarithromycin), because the pathogens to them are most sensitive (to tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, too, but they are children contraindicated).

Indications for hospitalization

The decision on where to treat a child with pneumonia - in a hospital or at home, the doctor takes, while he takes into account several factors:

• The severity of the condition and the presence of complications - respiratory failure, pleurisy, acute disorders of consciousness, heart failure, falls AD, lung abscess, pleural empyema, infectious-toxic shock, sepsis.
• The defeat of several lobes of the lung. Treatment of focal pneumonia in the child at home is entirely possible, but with croupous pneumonia treatment is best done in a hospital.
• Social indications are poor living conditions, inability to perform care and doctor's prescriptions.
• Age of the child - if the infant is sick, this is the reason for hospitalization, because the pneumonia of the baby is a serious threat to life. If pneumonia develops in a child under 3 years of age, treatment depends on the severity of the condition and most often doctors insist on hospitalization. Older children can be treated at home provided that the pneumonia is not severe.
• General health - in the presence of chronic diseases, weakened overall health of the child, regardless of age, the doctor may insist on hospitalization.

Treatment of pneumonia in children

How to treat pneumonia in children? The basis of therapy for pneumonia is antibiotics. At a time when there were no antibiotics in the arsenal of doctors with bronchitis and pneumonia, a very frequent cause of death of adults and children there was pneumonia, therefore, in no case should one refuse to use them, no folk remedies for pneumonia are effective. From the parents it is required to strictly follow all the doctor's recommendations, the proper care of the child, the observance of the drinking regime, nutrition:

• Reception of antibiotics must be carried out strictly in time, if the appointment of the drug 2 times per day, this means that there should be a break of 12 hours between meals, if 3 times a day, then a break of 8 hours (cm. 11 rules how to take antibiotics correctly). Antibiotics are prescribed - penicillins, cephalosporins for 7 days, macrolides (azithromycin, josamycin, clarithromycin) - 5 days. The effectiveness of the drug is estimated within 72 hours - an improvement in appetite, a decrease in temperature, dyspnea.
• Antipyretics are used if the temperature is above 39C, in infants above 38C. Initially, antibiotic treatment of antipyretics is not prescribed, as the evaluation of the effectiveness of therapy is difficult. It should be remembered that during a high temperature in the body, the maximum amount antibodies against the causative agent of the disease, so if the child can tolerate the temperature of 38C, it is better not to knock down. So the body quickly cope with the microbe that caused pneumonia in the baby. If the child had at least one episode of febrile seizures, the temperature should be knocked down already at 3, C.
• Nutrition of the child with pneumonia - lack of appetite in children during illness is considered natural and the child's refusal from food intake due to increased strain on the liver when fighting infection, so you can not force a child to feed. If possible, prepare light food for the patient, exclude any ready-made chemicals, fried and fatty, try to feed child simple, easily assimilated food - cereals, soups on a weak broth, steam cutlets from low-fat meat, boiled potatoes, various vegetables, fruit.
• Oral hydration - in water, natural freshly diluted juices - carrot, apple, weakly boiled tea with raspberries, rose hips infusion, water-electrolyte solutions (Regidron and etc).
• Airing, daily wet cleaning, use of air humidifiers - ease the condition of the baby, and the love and care of parents works wonders.
• No restorative (synthetic vitamins), antihistamines, immunomodulating agents are not used, as often lead to side effects and do not improve the course and outcome of pneumonia.

Reception of antibiotics for pneumonia in a child (uncomplicated) usually does not exceed 7 days (macrolides 5 days), and if bed rest is observed, perform all the doctor's recommendations, in the absence of complications, the child quickly recovers, but for a month there will still be residual effects in the form of a cough, slight weakness. With atypical pneumonia, treatment can be delayed.

In the treatment of antibiotics in the body, the intestinal microflora is broken, so the doctor prescribes probiotics - RioFlora Immuno, Acipol, Bifiform, Bifidumbacterin, Normobakt, Lactobacterin. Analogues of Linex - a list of all probiotics). To remove toxins after the end of therapy, the doctor can prescribe sorbents, such as Polysorb, Enterosgel, Filtrum.

With the effectiveness of treatment for general regimen and walks, it is possible to transfer the child from the 6th to the 10th day of the disease, the hardening to resume after 2-3 weeks. With a mild pneumonia, large physical exertion (sport) is allowed after 6 weeks, with complicated after 12 weeks.

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