Bilateral sinusitis treatment in adults

Bilateral sinusitis: varieties, causes and signs of disease

Bilateral sinusitis is an acute or chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus, against which there is swelling and swelling, production of serous, and then purulent exudate.

In most cases, the disease develops in adults and children against a background of decreased immunity, hypothermia, or acute respiratory viral infection.

Bilateral sinusitis develops against a background of acute rhinitis of bacterial or viral etiology as a result of ingress of mucus into the maxillary sinus. Unlike a one-way process, symmetrical sinus involvement is difficult to tolerate, requiring early treatment to prevent the development of complications.

The international classification of rhinitis allows us to distinguish the forms of sinusitis by genesis, the morphology of the pathological process. Used by otolaryngologists in clinical practice, takes into account modern views on mechanisms reactions occurring in the mucosa of the nasal sinuses with various forms of the maxillary sinusitis.

In the course of the process, acute, chronic and vasomotor sinusitis is isolated. The clinical picture distinguishes between light, medium-heavy and severe course of the disease.Acute and chronic sinusitis are divided according to the etiology:

• infectious (bacterial, fungal, viral);
• traumatic;
• odontogenic.

Acute sinusitis is divided by pathogenesis:

• exudative;
• serous;
• catarrhal;
• purulent.

Chronic genyantritis of pathogenesis is divided into:

• hypertrophic (cavernous, fibrous, papillary, polypous);
• parieto-hyperplastic;
• atrophic.

Vasomotor rhinitis secretes allergic and non-allergic genesis:

• seasonal;
• year-round;
• hypersecretory;
• hydropic;
• polyposis;
• mixed.

The causes of bilateral sinusitis are caused by a combination of several factors of external aggression in the form of an infection of the upper respiratory tract, general hypothermia and a decrease in the body's immune defense.An important role in the development of the disease is the presence of anomalies in the structure of the paranasal sinuses, according to clinical studies, nasal septal anomalies up to 39% increase the incidence of bilateral sinusitis.

Bilateral sinusitis often develops on the background of blockage of the mouth of the maxillary canal, through which the outflow of mucus from the sinus is carried out. Violation of the physiological secretion of pus and serous secretion leads to the spread of infection to neighboring cavities, occurs in a dream, when the patient lies on a healthy side.

Signs and symptoms of bilateral sinusitis are much more pronounced than with unilateral inflammation of the sinus sinus.

The main symptoms are:

• general intoxication (high fever, lethargy, decreased efficiency, chills);
• coryza (clear or yellow-green discharge);
• nasal congestion;
• pain when tilting the head forward;
• feeling of pressure (extension) in the projection of the sinus;
• redness of the skin from the orbit to the wings of the nose;
• photophobia;
• impaired sense of smell;
• nasal voice;
• inflammation of the conjunctiva;
• swelling of the face;
• toothache.

Diagnosis of bilateral sinusitis is performed during examination by a doctor by an otolaryngologist with the aid of a rhinoscope, which allows you to see a characteristic swelling, reddening of the mucosa and abundant pus from the upper nasal passages from two parties. The treatment-diagnostic puncture and the puncture of the maxillary sinus are often performed immediately after the rhinoscopy.

If the doctor has doubts, X-ray diagnosis and CT are performed to determine the level of fluid, the degree of filling of the sinus with pus. At total dimming of the sine on an x-ray image or a photo of a CT cut, an urgent puncture is required to drain and rinse the cavity. Puncture refers to surgical methods of treatment, but as a diagnostic manipulation is highly informative, used in adults and children, in women during pregnancy and lactation.

After the diagnosis of bilateral sinusitis, urgent treatment with antibiotics is required, anti-inflammatory therapy, physiotherapy procedures, massage and folk remedies, vitamin boosting immunity. At home, as prescribed by the doctor after sinus drainage and antimicrobial therapy, warming can be carried out.

The consequences of bilateral sinusitis depend on the quality of treatment and the amount of drug therapy. The complex approach helps to quickly get rid of unpleasant symptoms, increases the speed of recovery and prevents the transition of inflammation to the chronic stage.

Complications of total filling of the sinus with pus are purulent melting of soft tissues and bones of the facial skeleton with damage to the meninges. Acute meningitis and rhinogenic sepsis lead to fatal consequences, treatment is carried out urgently in a hospital.

Bilateral sinusitis: symptoms and treatment in children and adults, prevention

If an adult or child develop bilateral sinusitis, the symptoms of the disease are much more pronounced than with unilateral lesion.

Increase of pressure inside the maxillary sinus leads to the appearance of pathognomonic clinical picture.

It allows the doctor to make the correct diagnosis and start the necessary treatment in time.

Symptoms of bilateral sinusitis with a mild course include:

• temperature up to 3
• decreased appetite;
• nasal congestion;
• decreased sense of smell;
• a runny nose with the passage of transparent mucus;
• heaviness in the projection of the sinuses when tilted forward.

For medium-heavy currents:

• temperature from 3, to 3
• headache;
• toothache;
• withdrawal of purulent mucus;
• swelling of the face;
• nasal voice;
• pain in the projection of the sinuses when tilted forward.

In severe current:

• temperature above 3
• Strong headache;
• aching pain in the projection of the sinus without incline;
• purulent discharge with blood veins;
• redness of facial skin;
• edema of the face from the eye socket to the wings of the nose;
• lethargy, weakness, loss of consciousness;
• fever.

Treatment with medicines of bilateral sinusitis includes an integrated approach, aimed at removing the edema of the mucous membrane, restoring airway patency and preventing the proliferation of pathogenic cells. The choice of each drug is done by the doctor taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient, the tolerability of the active substances of the drugs.

Treatment begins with the application of drops:

• vasoconstrictive drops (Nazivin, Rinostop, Otrivin;
• antibacterial drops (Polidexa, Isofra, Bioparox);
• drops with essential oils (Sinuforte, Pinosol);

The direct effect on the mucous membrane increases the speed of recovery, kills microbial flora, restores nasal breathing. Drops with essential oils are preferable to use in children and pregnant women because of the low incidence of side effects. Drops based on xylometazoline in childhood are used strictly according to the instructions, taking into account the age-related dosage.

To wash the nose used:

• antiseptic solutions (Dioxydin, Furacillin, Miramistin, Prothorgol);
• solutions of bacteriophages (Sextapage, Piobacteriophage);
• solutions based on sea salt (Akvalor, Aquamaris, Salin).

Regular irrigation of the mucous membrane prevents the growth of bacteria, and when using bacteriophages, it has a powerful antimicrobial effect. Saline solutions draw pus, restore mucociliary clearance of the epithelium.

Systemic therapy of bilateral sinusitis includes:

• antibiotic drugs (penicillins, macrolides, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones);
• antihistamines (Suprastin, Tavegil, Zodak);
• anti-inflammatory drugs (Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Paracetamol);
• homeopathy with essential oils (Sinupret, Gelomirtol).

Antihistamines are aimed at reducing the mucosal edema, improving the outflow of pus and mucus from the sinus.

Anti-inflammatory drugs reduce the manifestations of inflammation, relieve symptoms of general intoxication.Despite the fact that Gelomirtol refers to homeopathic remedies, essential oil of eucalyptus is highly effective in combating acute purulent sinusitis.

Treatment of bilateral sinusitis in children is carried out taking into account age characteristics, with a moderate and severe course the child is hospitalized in a hospital for constant monitoring. After systemic antibiotic therapy, children need drugs to restore normal intestinal microflora in order to prevent the development of dysbiosis.

Treatment with folk remedies of bilateral sinusitis is permissible after consultation of the attending physician.At home, heating is carried out, but only at the catarrhal stage in the absence of purulent secretion or after a series of punctures, when in the maxillary sinus ceases to form a level liquid.

Warming is done dry, using salt pouches and eggs, or wet by steam inhalation. Dry heat has a strong warming effect, increasing the speed of recovery due to stimulation of blood flow in the mucous membrane of the sinus. Wet inhalations, warming the nasal passages and cavities from the inside, not only relieve unpleasant symptoms, but also increase the protective properties of the epithelium, prevent the appearance of edema.

Prophylaxis of bilateral sinusitis begins with the general strengthening procedures (hardening) of the body, which increase immunity and prevent the development of colds. The use of immunoprotective drugs according to the doctor's prescription is actual before the autumn and spring periods, with the flu epidemic.

Prevention consists in the early onset of treatment of the common cold, the use of drops and systemic drugs to prevent the spread of infection in the paranasal sinuses. With chronic rhinitis and sinusitis, specific treatment prevents relapses and exacerbations of diseases.

In summer, irrigation of the mucous membrane with saline solutions or saline solution is an excellent method of preventing drying and infection with a viral or bacterial infection.

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gajmorit.com

Sinusitis bilateral: symptoms and treatment

Various inflammatory processes in the nasal cavities (sinuses) are called sinusitis. Based on the specific symptoms of the course and area of ​​localization, sinusitis is classified into frontalitis, etmoiditis, sinusitis, or sphenoiditis.

Of all the aforementioned diseases, the most severe patients suffer from an acute type of bilateral sinusitis.

To treat this disease is necessary in a timely manner, and most importantly do not engage in self-treatment, since bilateral sinusitis easily passes into a chronic form.

As a rule, such an ailment occurs more often in adults than in children or adolescents. However, in any case, to not miss the time you need to know the symptoms of the disease and have an idea of ​​how to treat it.

Symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection

In adult patients quite often there is a catarrhal or purulent maxillary sinusitis of a chronic nature, the treatment of which requires certain features.

In the maxillary cavities of the nose there is an accumulation of a purulent secret, which in small doses comes out. The consequence is a badly smelling, yellow or brown discharge of sputum from the nose. This symptom determines the acute bilateral type of sinusitis during its active development.

To treat chronic sinusitis is necessary under the supervision of a doctor. Incorrect treatment can lead to serious consequences, and even to the death of the patient.

The second symptom of the disease is a headache, more precisely the pain in the forehead and under the eyes. Intensive pain syndrome is amenable only to drug treatment.

If the patient is diagnosed with acute purulent maxillary sinusitis, an increase in body temperature should be expected. In this case, you need to immediately contact a doctor.

If the temperature fluctuations last for 2-5 days, antibiotic treatment is mandatory.

The factors of sinusitis

Most often acute sinusitis occurs against a catarrhal disease or ARVI. If the doctor prescribes exclusively vasoconstrictive drops to treat the disease, an accumulation of purulent contents begins in the maxillary sinuses.

Sinusitis, as a rule, occurs in those people who have a weak immune system. Treatment of inflammation is based not only on eliminating the symptoms of the disease. It is important to influence its cause, otherwise the bilateral sinusitis will soon reappear and will have the status of a chronic disease.

The following factors can be attributed to the causes of sinusitis:

1. Not treated coryza (acute rhinitis).
2. Flu, ARI or ARVI.
3. Caries.
4. Remote upper posterior tooth.

Most often, inflammation is provoked by a narrowing of the nasal anastomosis (see photo), which serves as an obstacle to the removal of pathogenic mucus from the sinuses. Breeding, microorganisms secrete the products of their vital activity into slime, as a result of which the patient shows signs of general intoxication.

And the pressure on the walls of the maxillary sinuses causes pain in the face in this area.

Diagnosis of sinusitis in adults

In order to be able to properly treat the disease, the doctor must accurately diagnose it.

To detect sinusitis, it is often enough to just take an X-ray photo, but if the doctor for some because it is difficult to diagnose, he can assign additional diagnostic Events:

• CT.
• MRI.
• Sowing of the nasal mucosa.

Bilateral sinusitis can often be determined by visual inspection at the first admission. However, it is equally important for the doctor to know the true nature of the pathogen. To do this, and explore the secret that is allocated from the nasal passages.

What is the difference between two-sided and one-sided? With unilateral inflammation, purulent contents accumulate only in the right or in the left maxillary sinus, with two-sided lesions affected by two sinuses at once (see photo).

Meanwhile, if the treatment of unilateral sinusitis does not come on time, the infection can very quickly spread to the other side.

In this case, the doctor already diagnoses bilateral sinusitis and determines its catarrhal character.

Complications of sinus inflammation and disease management

1. The complication directly in the nasal cavity is mukocele - the formation of the epithelial cyst. Pathology can lead to bone tissue erosion.
2. Penetration of purulent fluid into the cranial cavity provokes an intracranial abscess (see photo).
3. A cerebral infarction is also a complication of sinusitis, but it is rare.
4. Purulent meningitis or inflammation of the brain envelope is a serious disease, the treatment of which requires immediate hospitalization of the patient.
5. Acute purulent otitis (inflammation of the middle ear) - this disease can develop simultaneously with sinusitis. Otitis is accompanied by intense pain and "lumbago" in the shah.

Treatment of bilateral sinusitis takes no more than 4 weeks, but the whole process should be under the supervision of a doctor. However painful it may be for a patient to go to an otolaryngologist, this moment can not be postponed, as the disease progresses every day, and it is becoming increasingly difficult to treat it.

The following describes the main therapeutic measures that the patient will recommend to the patient. As an additional measure, you can use the treatment of folk remedies.

The nasal cavity must be washed several times with a solution of sea salt or furatsilinom. You can do this at home, but it's not difficult to learn the right washing. Instead of the above solutions, herbal decoctions are sometimes used, which have an antibacterial quality. These plants include calendula, chamomile. Of course, this procedure is not pleasant, but it immediately alleviates the patient's condition and gives him the opportunity to breathe freely.

Vitaminotherapy and taking antibiotics are also included in the treatment of sinusitis. If the inflammation is accompanied by high body temperature, the patient must drink an antipyretic drug, most often in such cases, appoint paracetamol.

It is not recommended to reduce the temperature to 38, since in this way the organism fights against pathogenic microorganisms.

Meanwhile, not always conservative methods of treatment lead to a positive result. If the therapy proved ineffective, resort to surgical intervention, the essence of which is puncture of the maxillary sinus, pumping out the mucous contents and washing the cavity with a drug solution.

Contrary to the prevailing opinion that having made a puncture once, a person is forced to constantly resort to this procedure, usually after it the maxillary sinusitis does not return. However, if you start a disease, the consequences of sinusitis will be extremely dangerous.

To facilitate breathing, the patient can bury the nose with vasoconstrictive drops, but they can be used no more than five days. The patient should understand that it is possible to get rid of bilateral sinusitis only by discipline and systemic treatment, as detailed in the video in this article.

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Sinusitis in the child: treatment, signs

Genyantritis is one of the most dangerous diseases, which is hard to tolerate even by adults. In children, due to the special anatomical structure of the sinuses, this ailment often leads to serious complications, such as pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis media. In addition, accumulated mucus causes irritation of the nerves of the face and provokes severe headaches. Only timely diagnostics and correct measures of struggle can save from such ailment as sinusitis. At the child treatment should be supervised exclusively by the doctor. This will protect the baby from unpleasant consequences.

Causes

Often, signs of sinusitis in children appear as a result of a runny nose. Infection, located in the respiratory tract, gradually passes into the maxillary sinuses. Here it provokes the onset of the inflammatory process. Statistics show that children's colds in 5% of all cases result in genyantritis.

In this case, not only ARVI can trigger the development of ailment. Sometimes a serious illness causes adenoids, polyps, curvature of the septum of the nasal cavity. Such conditions lead to a breach of breathing. As a result, the child becomes stagnant with mucus, which leads to inflammation.

After long illnesses, when the immunity of the baby is weakened and can not fully combat infection, the risk of sinusitis is high. Frequent allergies are a constant companion of the ailment.

Symptoms of the disease

The inflammatory process in sinusitis captures epithelial cells and the underlying loose tissue, as well as blood vessels. In the stages of leakage, two types of maxillary sinusitis are distinguished:

• acute;
• chronic.

Each of them distinguish their own, characterizing the genyantritis symptoms. Treatment in children also depends on the form of the course.

Acute sinusitis is manifested by the following symptoms:

• discharge from the nasal cavity;
• impaired breathing;
• an unpleasant feeling in the near-nasal region;
• feeling of tension and pressure in the inflamed sinus;
• pain in the area of ​​cheekbones, temple, forehead;
• severe discomfort in the teeth, significantly worse during chewing;
• a headache, provoked by a pile of pus in the affected sinuses.

If measures are not taken in time, the ailment passes into a more severe stage - a chronic one. There are several differences in this case, such a disease as sinusitis, symptoms, treatment. In children, all signs of an illness cease to be pronounced. However, the disease for a long time bothers the baby. There is a constant alternation of stages of exacerbation and remissions. Chronic form is characterized by an irreversible process present in the mucosa. As a result of such changes, the latter loses its protective properties.

Types of inflammation

In medicine, there are many classifications of this ailment. So, according to the type of inflammatory process, the disease is divided into the following types:

• Catarrhal sinusitis in children.Treatment is complicated by the acute course of the disease. The main distinctive feature of this species is the complete absence of pus. In this case, the inflammatory process can affect even the periosteum.
• Purulent sinusitis.This form characterizes the deep degree of the inflammatory process in the mucosa. In this case, the child has purulent discharge.

Diagnosis of the disease

Initially, the doctor finds out all the complaints of the patient, interrogates parents about the symptoms, examines the child. For adults, the most effective diagnostic method is X-ray. In the picture, in the case of genyantritis, clearly visible darkening of the maxillary sinuses. In children this method will not give a reliable answer. After all, even the usual rhinitis can show in the picture a darkening of the sinuses. In addition, X-rays are not recommended for a child.

If the doctor observes signs of genyantritis in children, he can recommend a puncture. To do this, using a special needle is a puncture of the sinuses and sucked its contents.

Foreign medicine leads many arguments against the use of this method:

• in most cases, the puncture proves the purity of the sinus;
• puncture can provoke emphysema of the orbit, cheeks, blockage of blood vessels;
• piercing in babies is done exclusively under anesthesia.

There is also a completely harmless, but quite effective method of diagnosis. This is diaphanoscopy. In the darkened room, the doctor enters the Goering's bulb into the mouth. The child tightly grips her lips. In addition to this method, ultrasound can be used.

Treatment of genyantritis

Often, this ailment in children is treated with pharmacotherapy. It should be remembered that the effective treatment of sinusitis in children is able to appoint only a doctor based on the patient's condition, age and the course of the disease.

Depending on the above factors, anti-inflammatory therapy is selected, physiotherapy and "cuckoo" type procedures are prescribed. If necessary, an antibiotic is introduced into the treatment regimen.

In the severe condition of a small patient, a doctor may hospitalize a child. If the diagnosis reveals acute sinusitis in a child, treatment of the disease lasts from 1 to 2 weeks on average. In the case of a chronic species this period is stretched to a month.

Drug medication of acute form

Only a doctor can diagnose this species. If the tests showed acute sinusitis in children, treatment should be prescribed exclusively by an otolaryngologist. As a rule, drug therapy includes:

1. Vasoconstrictors. These are various drops and sprays for the nasal cavity. Their action is aimed at removing the edema of the mucosa and removing stagnant fluid from the sinuses. These drugs are prescribed for a short period (about 5-7 days). They include such means: "Tizin" Nazivin "Nazol" Galazolin "Sanorin" Zanos ".
2. Antihistamines. This group is appointed if the disease develops against the background of an allergy. Often these are the following drugs: "Claritin" Telfast. "
3. Sprays for the nose, which include steroid hormones or antibiotics. Such drugs as "Bioparox" Isophra "Bactroban reduce the inflammatory process.
4. Mucolytics. Sufficiently effective medicines if a sinusitis is diagnosed in a child. Treatment is aimed at dilution of the contents filling the maxillary sinus. As a rule, the following drugs are prescribed: "Fluimucil
   "Mukodin" Robotussin "Fljuditik" Guafenizin ". As a result, mucus is better excreted.
5. Antibiotics in the form of injections or tablets. Such therapy is relevant for purulent sinusitis. Preference is given to the penicillin group. These are the preparations "Amoxicillin" Ampicillin "Flemoxin" Amoxiclav. "

Bilateral sinusitis in the child

The disease can affect one of the sinuses. In this case, right-sided or left-sided sinusitis is diagnosed. Sometimes such a diagnosis can be determined even visually. About the disease is able to indicate unilateral swelling in the face.

Sometimes the ailment seizes both sinuses. In this case, bilateral sinusitis is diagnosed in the child. Treatment is much more difficult. Because this form of the disease signals a weak immune system. In such a situation it is very important to turn to a doctor in time, and not to engage in self-medication. Often the doctor directs to take a smear from the maxillary sinus. This allows you to identify the causative agent of the disease. And consequently to appoint adequate treatment.

Most often, if a bilateral sinusitis is diagnosed in a child, treatment is prescribed with the connection of antibiotics. The choice of the necessary drug depends entirely on the causative agent of the infection. These drugs help to suppress the inflammatory process and stop the multiplication of pathogens.

As a rule, the following drugs are prescribed:

• Bioparox.
• Isofra.
• "Sinuforte".
• Protargol.
• «Collargol».

It should be very carefully monitor the condition of the baby. If treatment of genyantritis in children with antibiotics does not have a positive effect for several days, you should immediately consult a doctor. After all, in this case, the infection was resistant to this drug.

Non-drug treatment

Only complex methods can defeat sinusitis in a child. Treatment includes non-drug therapy. What measures to choose, the doctor decides on the basis of the patient's condition, neglect of the disease.

Sinus puncture (puncture)

Under local anesthesia a thin needle is pierced by the sinus in the place where it is the thinnest. The cavity is washed with a special antiseptic solution. Then the medicine is injected into it. The main advantage of this method is the rapid disposal of accumulated pus and the possibility of introducing the necessary drugs directly into the sinus. This contributes to the rapid reduction of facial and headache, as well as general improvement in the condition. In addition, puncture allows in most cases to do without the use of antibiotics.

The main disadvantage of the procedure is the need to repeat these manipulations in order to achieve complete cleansing of the sinus. It is extremely rare, but there is a possibility of complications. This occurs when the atypical structure of the maxillary sinus.

To avoid a repeated puncture, during the first puncture the child is given a special drainage. Through such a thin rubber tube, further washing of the maxillary cavity is carried out.

Using the YAMIK catheter

This method is an excellent alternative to punctures. A rubber catheter is inserted into the nasal cavity under local anesthesia. Two balloons are inflated in it. One of them - in the area of ​​the nostril, and the second - in the nasopharynx. This allows hermetic closure of the nasal cavity. Through a separate channel using a syringe sucked up the contents of the sinuses, and inside the drug is injected.

The biggest advantage of this method is the preservation of intact mucosa. If we talk about shortcomings, then, as in the case of a puncture, it often requires re-manipulation. In addition, this procedure is not carried out in all medical institutions.

Sinus clearance

In the people this procedure is called "cuckoo". Manipulation occurs in the ENT room. A small patient is poured a special solution into one of the nostrils. From the other, the content is suctioned. At this time the child should say "ku-ku". This protects the oropharynx from getting into the solution.

The procedure is completely painless. But, unfortunately, is ineffective when compared with the two manipulations described above.

Folk treatment of sinusitis in children also implies the washing of sinuses. But in this case, manipulations are carried out at home on their own. For washing, salt, antiseptic and herbal solutions are used.

Very carefully it is necessary to make such procedure to children. Be sure to pay attention to the outgoing mucus. In case of any unwanted changes, consult a doctor immediately.

Washing is carried out using a syringe, spray. You can draw fluid from one of the nostrils from the palm of your hand or cup. But this should not cause the baby unpleasant feelings.

Home methods of treatment

It should be remembered that in the acute phase of bilateral sinusitis, inhalation over potatoes is absolutely not suitable, applying heated salt, sand, boiled eggs to the sinuses. Such manipulations are quite dangerous for this form of ailment.

One of the important conditions of home treatment is a full-bodied diet rich in vitamins. Very fresh juices from spinach, beets are very useful for children. In the diet it is recommended to enter garlic and onions. After all, they contain the most powerful antibacterial components. The doctor can prescribe a vitamin course. These measures are aimed at maintaining the protective functions of the body.

If you are implementing folk treatment of genyantritis in children, consult a doctor without fail. The use of any means without advice to the doctor is absolutely unacceptable.

Some activities can be carried out at home without fear of harming the baby. They include:

• Massage.On the first day of a baby's illness, it is recommended that you tap lightly on the nose bridge with your thumb. The procedure lasts for 2-3 minutes. It is advisable to repeat the tapping every half hour. The massage is effectively assisted by a clockwise (about 30 seconds) massage of the following points: the inner upper corners of the eyebrows, the lower inner parts of the orbit, and the central region between the eyebrows.
• Breathing exercises.The baby should alternately breathe for 5 seconds of each nostril. You need to repeat this exercise 10 times. While breathing one of the nostrils, the second one should be covered with a finger.

Preventive measures

The most important direction is to strengthen the immunity of the child. Any viral or infectious diseases should be treated in a timely manner. A very small baby should be taught to properly clean the nasal cavity with a cold.

In the case of predisposing factors (for example, curvature of the septum), measures should be taken to eliminate them.

A special place is given to the need to temper the child. Excellent wiping, the adoption of air baths (if we talk about the youngest children).

It is important to remember that sinusitis often occurs in a child who is constantly in a dry air and having a dust. Therefore, it is advisable to hold in the room a constant moistening, airing.

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Symptoms and treatment of bilateral sinusitis

To date, bilateral sinusitis is diagnosed quite often, this disease is one of the most common. Often happens that people take it for an ordinary cold or runny nose, and they turn to a doctor only when complications begin, and the disease flows into a sharp form. This disease can occur in both adults and children. At the first suspicions on a genyantritis it is necessary to address at once to the doctor who will spend diagnostics and will appoint or nominate a course of therapy. Inaction can have very serious consequences for health.

Why does sinusitis occur?

Bilateral sinusitis is accompanied by an inflammation of the maxillary sinuses.It begins suddenly and in an acute form. Many factors may serve as prerequisites for the emergence. Usually, with the onset of autumn, the risk of getting sinusitis increases significantly. This is because the immunity is weakened, and the body does not resist inflammatory processes.

Modern medicine identifies the following causes of the disease:

• viral and bacterial infections;
• previous colds;
• infections of the oral cavity, which fall into the maxillary sinuses and provoke inflammation, if not cured;
• complications after adenovirus infections, ARVI, ARI, and others;
• physical damage to the nose, in which blood can flow into the sinuses of the nose and provoke inflammation, which in turn leads to purulent sinusitis;
• allergic reactions of the body;
• severe hypothermia;
• frequent rhinitis;
• the wrong position of the nasal septum when it is curved;
• depressive state, apathy, stress can also provoke bilateral inflammation of the maxillary sinuses.

In the event that such a disease, as a sinusitis, was diagnosed in a child, then treatment should be treated with all seriousness and unquestioningly observe all the recommendations of the doctor. In children, bilateral sinusitis occurs due to an insufficiently developed immune system, which does not always cope with its functions. Children suffer this disease much more difficult than adults. Parents should not tolerate complications and exacerbation of sinusitis in their children. It is also very important to diagnose the disease at an early stage in time, until it became chronic.

Manifestations of genyantritis

Bilateral purulent sinusitis is very dangerous for human health and life, therefore it is necessary to take timely measures to eliminate it. Determining the presence of the disease at the initial stage is not always easy. Usually people pay attention to genyantritis only when it develops its two-sided form, i.e. both sinuses are filled with a purulent infection.

Symptoms are not always unambiguous, they can often be confused with a common cold, so it is very important to pay attention to even the most minor symptoms.

There are various signs of this disease. They include:

• increase in temperature up to 38 °;
• purulent opaque thick discharge from the nose;
• pain in the head and maxillary sinuses, when pressed, squelching sounds arise;
• intoxication of the body due to purulent processes;
• fatigue, apathy;
• pressure in the area of ​​the nose, teeth, between the eyebrows;
• labored breathing;
• swelling of the face, especially the eyes and nose;
• absence of smell;
• poor appetite;
• chills, fever;
• heightened sensitivity to light;
• drowsiness.

It should be noted that if the common cold and cold last for more than two weeks, and the manifestations are exacerbated even more, then there is a huge probability of acute sinusitis. It is very important to contact the ENT doctor right away, in time to diagnose and begin the correct course of therapy.

How to get rid of sinusitis?

After consulting a doctor, X-ray and ultrasound, the appropriate treatment will be prescribed. First, prescribe traditional antibiotics, which are accompanied by the intake of antifungal and antihistamines. Treatment also includes washing the nasal mucosa with antiseptic solutions and using drops to narrow the vessels of the nose. This helps to remove mucus from the nose and prevents its new formation.

If the expected improvements do not occur, then the doctor resorts to more radical methods. A puncture of the maxillary sinuses is made, of which mucus is sucked. The sinuses themselves are treated inside with a solution of antibiotics to avoid the re-formation of pus.

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After such treatment, the patient immediately feels relief, breathing becomes easier, nothing more makes breathing difficult. But the pain is not lost immediately, so the doctor appointed a comprehensive treatment. It consists of painkillers, anti-inflammatory pills or drops, medicines to strengthen the blood vessels.

The body is very weakened after a purulent bilateral sinusitis, so it is very important to prevent the recurrence of the disease. To prevent this, immunity must be strengthened. The doctor prescribes multivitamin complexes, proper nutrition. Restorative procedures that include manual therapy (massages, acupuncture) and physiotherapy will also be irrelevant.

lor03.ru

Bilateral sinusitis: symptoms and treatment

Runny nose in most people is associated with something unpleasant. but not fatal. There is even a proverb: "If the rhinitis is treated, then it will pass in seven days. And if you do not heal - then a week. " This statement reflects the attitude of people to the common cold. However, it is not as harmless as it seems. If it does not pass for a long time or significantly hinders breathing, then one can suspect sinusitis in a person.

What it is?

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the cavity of the maxillary, or as it is called, the maxillary sinus. Since the maxillary sinuses are a pair formation, the inflammatory process in them can be either one-sided, there and two-sided. Bilateral sinusitis occurs several times heavier than one-sided and is associated with a large number of various complications. Thus, for example, a triggered bilateral process can be chronized in a relatively short time, and can be transferred from the cavity of the maxillary sinus to neighboring formations, in particular, the brain.

When the infection passes to the brain tissue, its cysts with purulent contents, as well as all kinds of abscesses of the brain, can develop. Subsequently, there is a possibility of developing very serious diseases, such as encephalitis, meningitis or meningoencephalitis. These diseases are very difficult and can threaten not only further health, but also life.

What can be sinusitis?

First of all, if a doctor has diagnosed a man with a "genyantritis then in no case should one think that this is something frivolous and will go away by itself. This applies to both unilateral and bilateral sinusitis. Let us consider in more detail the second of them as more dangerous. The bilateral sinusitis due to the severity of its course can be divided into acute and chronic. The latter proceeds with pronounced remissions. In terms of severity of clinical symptoms and severity of the disease, catarrhal bilateral sinusitis and purulent discharge are distinguished.

Etiology of the disease or causative factors leading to its development

There are a huge number of reasons that can cause bilateral sinusitis. Among them are the following:

• all kinds of injuries that have arisen in the area of ​​the nose and upper jaw;
• penetration of the infectious agent from an external source, for example, from the nasal cavity, into the maxillary sinus;
• thickening of mucus in the nasal cavity and its subsequent congestion;
• formation of adenoid and polyposic growths;
• the existence of a person with allergic diseases or his predisposition to allergies;
• general weakening of all protective forces of the human body, that is, its immunity;
• complications arising after the transferred infectious and severe chronic diseases;
• inflammatory diseases of teeth and gums, especially untreated;
• abuse of strong alcoholic beverages and smoking;
• congenital or acquired curvature of the nasal septum.

Catarrhal acute bilateral sinusitis

It is characterized by a very stormy sudden start. In the first days, the patient feels a worsening of the general condition, manifested by such symptoms as lethargy, general weakness, loss of strength, decreased efficiency. Simultaneously, the body temperature rises, and then a rather strong chill appears. There are severe headaches, difficulty in nasal breathing, as well as discharge from the nasal cavity of a serous nature.

Purulent acute bilateral sinusitis

This disease is characterized by a sharp rise in temperature to high enough numbers, a strong deterioration in the overall state, the development of long and painful coughing attacks, as well as secretions from the nasal passage, having a turbid a purulent character. In addition, there are severe headaches that can radiate into the area of ​​the teeth.

Chronic bilateral sinusitis has a more worn-out clinical picture, while the overall condition of a sick person can remain satisfactory. Naturally, people have a question about how to treat bilateral sinusitis.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of bilateral sinusitis should begin with examination and consultation with an otorhinolaryngologist who, on the basis of patient complaints and the severity of the clinical picture will be able to make a preliminary diagnosis, and then confirm it with the help of a number of instrumental methods research. When diagnosed "bilateral sinusitis treatment begin immediately. The list of diagnostic manipulation data includes such modern methods as magnetic resonance imaging, diagnostics with the help of ultrasonic waves, computed tomography, as well as such specific methods as diaphanoscopy and thermography.

Bilateral sinusitis: treatment

The whole process of treatment of bilateral sinusitis is under regular supervision of the doctor and takes an average of two to four weeks. Unsurprisingly. that the treatment of the disease is a rather unpleasant and long process, it is by no means possible to delay it with a march to Laura. In the complex of therapeutic manipulations, which can appoint a doctor, we can distinguish the following:

• The regular washing of the nasal cavity with various solutions (this can be as specifically designed for this solution, and broths of herbs that have anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effects, for example, chamomile or calendula). The procedure itself is unpleasant, however it facilitates breathing and disinfects the cavities.
• Admission of a full course of antibiotic therapy (an antibiotic can be administered either empirically or after determining the degree of sensitivity of a pathogenic microorganism). This is especially important if the disease provokes streptococci.
• Vitaminotherapy (necessary to maintain the defenses of the body in the norm).
• When the temperature rises above 3, degrees, it is recommended to start takingantipyretic drugs (the simplest of them is paracetamol). However, the temperature to 38 degrees does not get off. At this time, the body's defenses fight bacteria.
• In severe and neglected cases, when individual conservative therapy is ineffective, it is necessary to resort to the implementation of a puncture of the maxillary sinus with the evacuation of its contents and washing the cavity with antiseptic solutions. After such a procedure, sinusitis, as a rule, does not return.
• To facilitate the process of nasal breathing, you can use vasoconstrictive drops, but do not use them for more than five days.

It should be understood that systemic and only systemic will allow to cure bilateral sinusitis. Photo of maxillary sinuses filled with pus, can motivate any person to immediately start treatment.

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What is catarrhal bilateral sinusitis

Not many people have an idea of ​​what is catarrhal bilateral sinusitis and why it occurs. The pathology of the upper respiratory tract is very common. Often inflamed paranasal sinuses. They are also called the paranasal sinuses.

There are 4 varieties of these anatomical formations:

• paired maxillary sinuses;
• frontal;
• latticed;
• wedge shaped.

Most often, otorhinolaryngologists find inflammation of the maxillary sinuses. In this situation, it is a matter of sinusitis. The inner surface of the maxillary sinuses is lined with ciliated epithelium. In its thickness, there are many special cells capable of producing mucus. The maxillary sinuses perform a number of important functions. They participate in the amplification of voice resonance, warm the incoming air masses, participate in the distribution of weight in the skull. What is the etiology, clinic and treatment of bilateral sinusitis?

Features of catarrhal sinusitis

Sinusitis is a disease characterized by inflammation of the maxillary sinus of the nose.In most cases, this pathology develops against other diseases (influenza, acute respiratory viral infection, scarlet fever). In this case the inflammation can be bilateral and one-sided. Depending on the clinical manifestations and the nature of the course of the disease, acute and chronic catarrhal sinusitis are distinguished. The catarrhal form of inflammation is very common. In this case, it can have a different etiology. Depending on the etiological factor, the following varieties of sinusitis are distinguished:

• viral;
• posttraumatic;
• bacterial;
• mixed;
• fungal;
• allergic nature.

Separately, it is necessary to isolate the genyantritis that has arisen against the background of the use of medications. Catarrhal sinusitis can occur in both children and adults. The highest incidence rate is observed in the autumn-winter period. It is important that bilateral inflammation occurs much less frequently than one-sided inflammation.

Etiological factors

The development of catarrhal bilateral sinusitis is due to several reasons. The most important factors are:

• frequent colds;
• inadequate or untimely treatment of influenza, ARVI;
• supercooling;
• decreased immunity;
• allergic reactions (polynoses);
• curvature of the septum of the nose;
• the presence of polyps in the nasal passages;
• congenital pathology of the development of the maxillary sinuses;
• the presence of acute or chronic rhinitis;
• traumatic injury to the face.

Important importance is the focus of chronic inflammation (adenoiditis, pharyngitis). As for the infectious agent itself, it can be bacteria (streptococci, staphylococci), viruses, microscopic fungi. Catarrhal sinusitis can be non-infectious. In this case, it provokes an allergic reaction, taking medications. Most often, inflammation and swelling of the sinus mucosa develop in childhood. In this situation, it is an acute form of inflammation. In the absence of treatment, acute sinusitis easily passes into a chronic, which is much more difficult to cure. Often the infectious agent penetrates into the maxillary sinuses through the blood. The most common cause of catarrhal sinusitis is the pathology of the upper teeth.

Clinical symptoms

Bilateral sinusitis has many symptoms. At the heart of their appearance is local mucosal edema and excess mucus production. The latter is produced by goblet cells. Normally, a healthy person develops mucus a little, and it goes through special ducts. With bilateral sinus sinus, the ducts are clogged. A similar condition can cause a secondary infection, suppuration. The most common symptoms of bilateral sinusitis are:

• severity in the region of the maxillary sinuses;
• headache;
• mucous discharge from the nasal cavity;
• increased body temperature (with acute inflammation);
• soreness in palpation;
• nasal congestion;
• impaired sense of smell;
• nasal.

It is known that the maxillary sinuses are located on the side of the nasal septum at eye level. With bilateral catarrhal sinusitis, reddening of this area and eyelids can sometimes be observed. Some patients develop lacrimation. Acute inflammation develops suddenly. First there is a feeling of discomfort in the nasal area, then a pain syndrome. The pain intensifies in the evening. In the beginning, the pain is localized in one area. As the disease develops, the pain is determined throughout the head. Children may feel weak.

Due to the accumulation of serous or mucous secretions, breathing through the nose is disturbed. With catarrh of the genyantritis, the secret secret is liquid and transparent. If a putrefactive microflora is attached, it acquires a greenish color and a thick consistency. In this situation, there can be an unpleasant smell. Additional symptoms of the disease include sneezing, sore throat. The temperature can rise to 38 degrees or more. It happens in acute maxillary sinusitis. Catarrhal sinusitis is dangerous for its possible complications. They include the attachment of purulent infection, the formation of abscesses in the brain, inflammation of the meninges (meningitis), thrombosis of the cavernous sinus, purulent tissue melting.

Diagnostic measures

To begin treatment, the doctor must make a correct diagnosis. Diagnosis of catarrhal sinusitis includes a detailed conversation with the patient, examination of the nasal mucosa and the entire face, laboratory and instrumental examination. Inspection should start from the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus. Often, this determines the soreness. The doctor assesses the mobility of soft tissues and their consistency. Rhinoscopy is mandatory. With an acute form of catarrhal sinus, reddening and swelling of the mucosa in the middle nasal passage is revealed. Additional methods of examining the nasal cavity include diaphanoscopy. This method is based on the transmission of maxillary sinuses. The patient has a darkening.

The final diagnosis is made based on the results of the X-ray study. An alternative option is the use of MRI, CT, ultrasound. With bilateral sinus, the sinus transparency is compared with that in the eye sockets. Computed tomography is indicated in case of traumatic injuries of the facial part of the skull, severe degree of sinusitis. This diagnostic method can not be used for pregnant women. Puncture is used to determine the type of pathogen and its sensitivity to antibiotics. Manipulation is performed under local anesthesia.

Tactics of treatment

Treatment of catarrhal sinusitis has the following objectives:

• the elimination of infection;
• recovery of outflow of mucous secretions;
• elimination of the main symptoms of the disease;
• prevention of complications.

Treatment is often conservative.

Treatment involves drainage of the sinus sinus cavity, administration of antibiotics, the use of various vasoconstrictors (drops, sprays), sinus heating, physiotherapeutic Events.

Treatment is carried out only after consulting a doctor. With catarrhal inflammation, the secret is liquid, therefore surgical drainage may not be used. As antibacterial agents in the bacterial form of the disease, cephalosporins, semi-synthetic and protected penicillins, macrolides are used.

The best therapeutic effect is possessed by "Levofloxacin "Amoxicillin "Amoxiclav "Cefuroxime". Antibiotics are not always used. It is not appropriate to prescribe them for viral etiology of the disease. In this situation, therapy involves the use of steroids, mucolytics. To eliminate the main symptoms of the disease, humidification of the air, normalization of nutrition, elimination of the effects of allergens are carried out. In severe pain syndrome, drugs from the NSAID group are used. Local treatment involves washing the nose with solutions of antiseptics (Furacillin, sodium hypochlorite). In the allergic form of sinusitis, antihistamines are indicated. Thus, sinusitis should be treated timely and thoroughly.

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