Ear Otitis in the Child

Ear otitis in a child: symptoms, causes and treatment

Ear otitis in a child occurs much more often than in adults. The reasons for this imbalance are obvious - they are associated with the not yet sufficiently strengthened immune system of babies, which is not yet able to actively resist the development of inflammation. External manifestations of the disease, depending on the type of otitis media, differ, and therapeutic approaches should also be different.

What are otitis media in children and why they occur

Otitis is an inflammation of the ear.What are otitis media in children and what are their differences? There are external otitis and otitis media, depending on which department of the ear is inflamed. The course of the disease, which is very common at a young age, can be acute or chronic. The inflammatory process can, accompanied by suppuration or not accompanied by it. In this inflammation, there is a hearing disorder (mild to moderate hearing loss). The danger of all kinds of otitis in children is in their complications. Especially dangerous complications of purulent otitis. Remembering this, my mother should be attentive to the complaints of the child. If the child complains about the ear, the mother should immediately call the child's doctor. He, having examined the child, will give the necessary recommendations and, if he deems it necessary, appoint a consultation of a children's ENT doctor.

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Otitis externa may be a furuncle of the external auditory canal, but may be external otitis and spilled. The furuncle develops as a result of the infection in the hair follicle or the sebaceous gland that is near this sac. Why does external otitis occur in young children? The cause of infection is usually a minor skin trauma (mum does not observe caution, when the child is cleaning the eye, or the child puts in his ear a hard object with sharp edges).

Acute otitis media often develops as a complication of an acute cold. In the role of pathogens may act staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci, etc. The cause of otitis media in children are adenoidal disorders that cover the mouth of the Eustachian pipes and thereby create conditions for air stagnation in the "drum-eustachian system" trumpet". In turn, the complication of acute otitis media, as well as complication of tubotitis is

The causative agents of acute purulent otitis are the same as in acute otitis media. If, for some reason, there is no timely and sufficient treatment for acute purulent otitis, if the sick child is not eating well, if the resistance of his body is reduced due to some prolonged illness, the acute purulent process in the ear can be transformed into a chronic one, and then it is already possible to talk about the presence of a chronic purulent otitis. Among the causes of this otitis in children, it is necessary to name such pathogens as streptococci, staphylococcus and E. coli. If the pseudomonas aeruginosa appears in the ear, the otitis proceeds very hard.

What are the symptoms of external and middle otitis media in a child

What are the symptoms of otitis in a child depending on the type of inflammation?

With external otitis, the child complains of pain in the ear. The pain is growing, and when you press the tragus of the auricle, it is even worse. Body temperature rises, parotid and cervical lymph nodes increase, tissues in the external ear canal swell strongly - sometimes this passage is completely closed. After opening the furuncle, pus is poured from the ear. Soon after this, recovery comes.

Acute otitis media begins some time after the onset of a cold. Again, a characteristic sign of otitis media is a pain in the ear. Sometimes a child complains of pain in both ears. If you click on the tragus of the ear, the pain becomes stronger. Body temperature rises, appetite and sleep are affected. There is a noise in the Ear, hearing is broken. The JIOP-doctor sees the reddening of the tympanic membrane when examining the patient's ear. Also, with the average otitis of the ear in a child, the symptoms are changes in the blood test: leukocytosis, increased ESR.

Symptoms of purulent and chronic otitis media in a child

Acute purulent otitis proceeds with the same symptoms, but to them signs of intoxication of the organism are added:increased fatigue, general weakness, pale skin and mucous membranes. Increased body temperature - up to 40 ° C - lasts several days. The pain in the ear becomes stronger and, as it were, pulsates. At some point, there is a breakthrough of pus accumulating in the tympanum, through the tympanic membrane outside; and the amount of pus can be significant. When pus breaks through it, as a rule, an admixture of blood is found. After the pus empties, the pain quickly fades into nothing. There is a hearing disorder.

The chronic purulent otitis is characterized by a suppuration, which lasts a long time. The suppuration may be permanent or intermittent. The substance separated from the ear can have a mucous or mucus-like nature; rarely - festering. If the pseudomonas arisens in the ear or if pus stagnates in the tympanum, a putrid smell from the ear may appear. Symptom of this otitis in the child is a constant noise in the patient's ear. The doctor sees a hole in the eardrum when viewed (with the help of a special instrument) of the tympanic membrane. Chronic purulent otitis may be complicated by mastoiditis, meningitis; local complications - proliferation of granulations, the appearance of polyps; a fairly rare complication is cholesteatoma.

How to properly treat an ear otitis in a child

Before treating otitis in a child, the baby must be shown to a specialist. The patient is examined by the ENT doctor and prescribes the necessary therapy. When treating otitis in a child is very important nutrition. The child's diet should contain more foods that are sources of vitamins A, C, B, etc. for the body.

With external otitis, the patient's ear warms up several times a day, making warming compresses (around the ear). In the external auditory meatus every day put turundas with a doctor-appointed remedy. Physiotherapy is effective.

With acute otitis media, treatment is also local and general. How correctly to treat an otitis of the child if it has arisen in the middle ear? In this case, warming up several times a day; around the ear make warming compresses with vegetable or camphor oil, vodka, semi-alcoholic compresses.

With severe pain in the ear, analgesic drops are prescribed. The effectiveness of treatment is increased when physiotherapy is connected. Simultaneously, the nose is treated - with the aim of quickly restoring the function of the Eustachian tube.

And how to treat an ear otitis in a child, if the disease is an acute purulent inflammation? In this case, the doctor makes a paracentesis - a small incision in the tympanic membrane. Through this incision poured out, and the state of the baby improves. The doctor observes the child every day, performs the toilet of the ear, puts in the external ear canal of turunda with medicines. The patient's ear is warmed, warming compresses are put on, physioprocedures are done. With symptoms of purulent otitis in children, treatment is also prescribed for the nose with a nasopharynx.

With chronic purulent otitis, the doctor also makes a daily ear toilet; locally used anti-inflammatory drugs; antibiotics are administered parenterally; physiotherapy is prescribed. In those cases when conservative therapy is ineffective, when complications of otitis may occur, surgical treatment is indicated. If you can achieve a long period without suppuration, an operation is performed to restore the integrity of the tympanic membrane. This operation is called "myringoplasty."

Treatment of otitis in children at home: first aid to a child

The kid suddenly complained that his ear hurts. Timely competent actions of the mother will help in this case to alleviate the child's condition and prevent the development of dangerous complications. Before starting treatment for otitis in children at home, first, of course, you need to call a precinct pediatrician at home.

After that, the mother must:

to measure the child's body temperature; if the body temperature is increased significantly, the child is recommended to give something of antipyretics: paracetamol in the form of a syrup, Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) in the age-appropriate dose, a small child - put a cefekon candle; If the mother gives the sick child acetylsalicylic acid, then - by all means on milk;
if the pain is severe, and the child can not tolerate it, providing first aid in otitis in a child, you need to give for oral intake of any pain medication - for example analgin in the age-related dose; an analgesic is injected into the ear - you can inject into the ear novocaine, otinum, if they are in the home medicine chest; if neither novocaine, no on hand at hand, you can drip a few drops of warm vodka into the external auditory meatus; quite quickly the pain in the ear weakens after introducing a few drops of warm vegetable oil into it; for this purpose, you can use any vegetable oil - olive, corn, sunflower, soybean, etc. (on the child's recovery the ear needs to be rinsed to remove from the external auditory meatus the remains oil); After the mother dripped the baby in the ear one of these means, he should be about 15 min. lie down - while the sick ear should be facing the ceiling; after instillations the external ear canal is always plugged with a cotton swab;
When treating otitis in a child at home, you need to warm up your sore ear; The warming-up procedure, despite its simplicity, is very effective; is due to its effectiveness in that heat is always characterized by a mild analgesic effect; in addition, heat causes local expansion of blood vessels and, therefore, a rush of blood to the sore ear, and in conditions of abundant blood supply the inflammation focuses much faster; sometimes it is enough to warm your ear once the very beginning of the disease - and the process of inflammation begins to "take positions warm up your baby need 3-4 times a day; Each time the warm-up procedure should take 12-15 minutes; it is recommended to use an ordinary heating pad (the child should lie on the hot-water bottle with a sick ear); It is important to remember that with an increase in the body temperature of warming do not;
Also, such assistance is very effective for children in the home, like warming compresses; when inflamed, compress around the ear; most often for compresses use such means as sunflower oil, camphor oil, vodka, alcohol, half diluted with water; make warming compresses 2 times a day: 1 times a day on, -2 h. and for the whole night; if the child has increased body temperature, compresses in no case can not be done, otherwise the body temperature will rise;
close the child with a dry ear with dry cotton wool; until the doctor says that the recovery has come, the ear of the baby should be permanently closed; cotton wool is fixed on the ear with a handkerchief or cap.

Folk remedies for the treatment of otitis in children

It is necessary to warn that methods and means recommended by traditional medicine are used as a supplement to the basic treatment that the JIOP doctor will assign to the child.

Below are listed the best folk remedies for treatment of otitis in children at home:

alternating with other means, bury in a sick ear a warm infusion of chamomile flowers; Preparation of the infusion: 1 teaspoonful dry flowers in a preheated cookware, pour a glass of boiling water and press under the lid for about 15 minutes. strain;
when folk treatment of otitis in children should be put twice a day in the external auditory canal gauze turuns (fitilechki), impregnated with warm walnut oil, for 2-3 hours;
Propolis oil can be used as an effective anti-inflammatory and analgesic; to put with it 2 times a day for 2-3 hours. in a sick ear gauze turundas;
there is more grapes; preferably - sweet varieties; grapes for the body - an excellent source of energy, very necessary for fighting the disease;
cleaning the external auditory canal from the pus, moisten the cotton swab with fresh juicy lemon juice (bear onions);
an effective folk remedy for otitis in children is mixed in equal quantities fresh juice of onions and flaxseed oil; moistened with this mixture gauze turunda, you need to put the latter in the outer ear canal for -2 hours; alternate with others means.

NasmorkuNet.ru

Otitis in the child: symptoms, treatment, prevention

When the ears begin to ache, even experienced parents can lose self-control from whims and tears. In order to effectively combat the disease, it is necessary to know the enemy, which is called "in person warned - means armed.

What is otitis media?

Under otitis means any inflammation of the ear. Distinguish:

The external ear (the auricle and the external ear canal to the tympanic membrane) whose inflammation will be external otitis. Here, the first place is played by furuncles caused by staphylococci and fungal lesions of the auditory canal.
The middle ear that begins behind the tympanic membrane and includes the tympanum, the Eustachian tube, the cells of the mastoid process and the antrum. Inflammations in this department are called otitis media. This is the most common ear pathology in children.
Internal otitis is also called labyrinthitis. In this inflammation affects the cochlea, its vestibule or semicircular canals.

Who is guilty?

The average otitis develops against a bacterial (less often viral) infection. The most common cause of its development is aggressive streptococcal or staphylococcal flora. Most often, it enters the ear cavity through the Eustachian tube, balancing the pressure between the ear and the nasal cavity. Therefore very often otitis is the outcome of the common cold.

A prerequisite for the development of otitis media is a significant decrease in local immunity in the child's body, more prone to ear infections:

suffering from rickets (see p. symptoms and treatment of rickets in infants)
anemia
lack of weight
chronic pathologies of ENT organs
exudative diathesis
extreme forms of immunodeficiency takes with diabetes, AIDS and leukemia.

But even a child without severe somatic diseases can become a victim of otitis with trivial hypothermia. The fact is that the external ear canal of a child, unlike an adult, does not have an S-shaped curvature. Therefore, any flow of cold air can provoke otitis in a child, the symptoms of otitis will directly depend on the location of the inflammation.

Manifestations of otitis media

With external otitis, the symptoms in children may vary depending on the severity of the process.

A furuncle of the ear or auditory canal will manifest reddening, swelling, the appearance of an inflammatory tubercle, which gradually will change color from red to bluish. In the center of inflammatory education a purulent stem will form. Until the tissues melt to pus, the pain will be very intense. After the death of the receptors, it will become a little less. After the boil opens and the necrotic stem leaves, there will be a deep wound that will heal with the formation of a hem.
Fungal otitis externa is characterized by the appearance of crusts and scaling in the ear passage against the background of a fungal infection. There is also itching.
The average otitis can be divided into catarrhal otitis and purulent. Qatar is when inflammation caused by microbes is manifested in the form of redness, swelling and inconstant pain of a stabbing or shooting character. Depending on the severity of the inflammation, the intensity of pain varies, from weak to unbearable. The pain may be located inside the ear or be given to the cheek, temple, throat. This is due to the common nerve, which supplies the tympanum and oropharynx. Pain can be combined with ear congestion.
Since the formation of the abscess on the tympanic membrane, they speak of a purulent otitis. In addition to the pain for him is typical of hearing loss. If the abscess breaks, a purulent effusion with an admixture of blood follows from the ear. Later, the eardrum heals with the formation of a scar, after which the hearing is restored. With a significant defect, the membrane can not completely heal, and then there will be hearing problems.

Also, the child will be disturbed by temperature rises and intoxication (muscle, joint and headaches, weakness and weakness).

In addition to acute otitis media, a chronic inflammatory process can develop, which is divided into exudative otitis media, purulent or adhesive. Exudative and adhesive otitis variants have mild manifestations in the form of noise in the ears (causes) and hearing loss. Adhesive (adhesive) otitis is the result of the proliferation of connective tissue and fibrosis of the tympanum and tympanic membrane.
In chronic purulent process, there is a periodic leakage from the ear and a persistent decrease in hearing due to the perforating perforation of the tympanic membrane.
The labyrinthitis is manifested by pain, hearing loss and dizziness (cause), since the body involved in the process is an organ of balance that is conjugated to the inner ear.

How to suspect an otitis at home?

Older children may well complain of pain in the ear and even talk about what kind of pain and where it gives. It is much harder with kids up to two years old who can not really talk and just cry in response to pain (including, and on otitis). Symptoms in infants at this pathology are not specific:

on the thought of inflammation of the middle ear can push the child's anxiety
his unmotivated crying
abandonment of a breast or bottle
also children can grasp handles for a sore ear
to turn one's head from side to side
if you press on a tragus of a sick ear, a child's anxiety or crying is aggravated by the intensification of pain

For any suspected otitis, the child should immediately be shown to a pediatrician or an ENT doctor.

How does a doctor determine otitis?

The otolaryngologist has such a simple and convenient device as an ear mirror. With its help, you can see changes in the external ear canal, the tympanic membrane. Thus, the average otitis corresponds to changes in the light cone in the eardrum. With the same purpose the doctor can use the otoscope.

First aid for otitis

If the visit to the doctor is postponed for objective reasons (although it is not possible to delay it), and the child is worried and crying, the first thing to do if you suspect otitis anesthetize the ear.

For this purpose, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can be used that have the property of suppressing inflammation, temperature and pain. Children are allowed paracetamol derivatives (tayled, kalpol, efferalgan, panadol, tylenol), ibuprofen (nurofen, ibuklin) and naproxen (cefecon) Review of all antipyretics for children, with dosages and prices. You can use syrup, tablets or rectal suppositories.

The second remedy for otitis media is ear drops Otypaks (170-250 rub), Otirelaks (140 rub) This a combined preparation containing anti-inflammatory phenazone and a local anesthetic of lidocaine hydrochloride. It must be remembered that otipaksom can be used only if the tympanic membrane has not been damaged (the ear did not flow). In infants instilled by 2 drops, and in children older than two years, 3-4 drops in each ear.

How correctly to drip drops?

Before burying drops, the bottle should be warmed to room temperature. In infants, the temperature can be up to 36 degrees. Alternatively, the drops are poured from the vial into a warm spoon, and then pipetted.
The child must be placed with the ear up and pull the auricle back and down to spread the auditory canal.
After the drops are dipped, the child is kept up in his ear for at least ten minutes, so that the medicine does not leak.
In children, drops are buried in both ears, since the process is usually two-sided.
A baby sucking a pacifier needs to be removed before dropping drops. In combination with a stuffy nose, a pacifier can cause a barotrauma of the tympanic membrane.

Treatment of external otitis media

Furuncle of the external ear (purulent otitis) is treated according to the classical scheme. At the stage of infiltration (before the formation of the rod) with anti-inflammatory agents and alcohol compresses for the purpose of resorption. After the rod is formed - surgical opening of the abscess with drainage of the cavity, washing Hydrogen peroxide or chlorhexidine, Miramistin and subsequent ointment dressings with levomekolom to the full wound healing. When intoxication, high temperature, lymphadenitis, antibiotics are connected.

Fungal lesions of the auditory canal are treated with antifungal ointments (clotrimazole, candid, flucanazole) at need to designate systemic antifungal agents in tablets (amphotericin, griseofulvin, mycosyst). As a rule, in children up to two years of age, systemic antifungal agents are not used.

Treatment of otitis media

The smallest preference is given to local treatment. For them, systemic antibiotics - too heavy a load on the immune system and intestines (see. list of probiotics, analogues of Linex). Therefore, very strict indications are given for antibiotics:

Hyperthermia within three days of the onset of local therapy
severe intoxication
poorly docked pain that prevents a child from sleeping and eating normally

Drops in the ears are used by the course for seven to ten days. During this period, the child is necessarily examined by an otolaryngologist to be sure of the positive dynamics of the inflammation or to correct the treatment if the result is unsatisfactory.

In older (from two years) children, therapy also begins with ear drops, supplemented with anti-inflammatory drugs (see. First aid for otitis).

A prerequisite for the treatment of otitis media is getting rid of the common cold. With untreated rhinitis, there are risks of re-development of middle ear inflammation. For this purpose, antiviral (interferon), antibacterial (drops - isofra, polidex, protorgol) and combined (vibrocil) drops are used.

Drops in the ears

- Otypaxcombines anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.
- Sulfacil sodium (albucid) - a universal antimicrobial and antiviral agent.
- Otofa- antibacterial drug based on antibiotic rifamycin.
Albucid and otofa are not contraindicated in the case of perforation of the tympanic membrane.
- Polidex- children older than two and a half years have the opportunity to use polydix (a combination of antibiotics neomycin and polymyxin with the addition of hormonal anti-inflammatory dexamethasone).

Course treatment is carried out from seven to ten days. During this time, it is quite possible to cure uncomplicated catarrhal otitis in a child. Treatment should be prescribed and monitored by an ENT doctor.

Antibiotics in tablets, suspensions or injections

Requirements for these drugs: safety, non-toxicity, achieving sufficient concentrations at the site of inflammation, Preservation of therapeutic doses for a long time (no less than eight hours for a comfortable multiplicity of receptions for day). The duration of antibiotic therapy is seven days, except for drugs that are able to accumulate and retain therapeutic concentrations in the blood for a week or ten days (for example, azithromycin, which is prescribed for three to five days).

Penicillins. Preferred semisynthetic (oxacillin, amoxicillin, flemoxin, ampicillin, carbenicillin) and inhibitor-protected, allowing to resist resistant strains of microbes (amoksiklav, flemoklav, augmentin, unazin, sultamitsillin, ampaksid).
Cephalosporins of the second (cefuroxime, cefaclor) of the third (ceftibutene, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefazidime) and the fourth (cefepime) generations.
Macrolides now displace cephalosporins. More convenient in dosing, the duration of the course and the forms of administration (tablets, suspension). Treatment of otitis media in children is carried out with azithromycin (azitral, sumamed, chemomycin), clarithromycin.
Aminoglycosides are the drugs of choice if there is staphylococcal purulent otitis in a child. Treatment with kanamycin, gentamycin, sizomycin, amikacin is carried out mainly permanently due to nephrotoxicity.

To the peculiarities of antibiotic therapy in children it is necessary to include the refusal to use fluoroquinolones, since they are contraindicated for children under 18 years old, as well as to reduce the number of antibiotic-resistant infections.

To the question of antihistamines

Classic treatment regimens for otitis media suggest prescribing antihistamines to reduce the allergic component of inflammation and reduce edema. Recommended second and third generation drugs that do not cause drowsiness or have a minimal sedative effect: claritin, desloratadine, loratadine, clarixens, cetirizine, ketotifen (see. medicines for allergies).

However, today a number of specialists (primarily American, conducting selective clinical studies involving children-children) believe that the use of this group of drugs in otitis is inappropriate, since there is no direct relationship between their use and the rate of cure disease. To date, the issue remains open, as there are still no full standards for the treatment of acute otitis in children.

Treatment of labyrinthitis

Since the process can easily be complicated by meningeal inflammation, sepsis and even disorders of cerebral circulation, the treatment is carried out under stationary conditions. Antibiotics, anti-inflammatory and dehydrating drugs are used. If necessary, surgical intervention is performed.

Treatment of otitis media folk remedies

Traditional methods of treating otitis in children are quite diverse, but it should be noted that turning a child into a testing ground is not humane and reckless. Of course, in the field, when a doctor and a pharmacy are unavailable, a person will resort to any improvised means to alleviate the pain, suffering of the child. Therefore, we will focus on the most appropriate and less harmful for children's health folk remedies against otitis (ear inflammation).

External otitis, flowing in the form of a furuncle in the stage of infiltration (with reddened tubercle without a purulent stem), as well as the average catarrhal otitis in children is susceptible to folk remedies. You can use a vodka or alcoholic compress or lotion:

boric, camphor alcohol or vodka are applied to a gauze pad that is applied to the ear area
Polyethylene film or wax paper is placed on top
the dressing is strengthened with a scarf or scarf
exposure time from 15 to 30 minutes (the younger the child, the shorter the procedure time)
Decently resolves infiltrates and iodine
Also apply and leaves of an aloe, cutting them in half and applying to an abscess a cut of a leaf

No heating procedures for otitis are allowed. Treatment with alcohol-containing solutions is strictly prohibited in children up to a year, even for external use. In older children it is also not desirable, especially it is contraindicated to use for medical purposes with medical alcohol in undiluted form. It is better to use camphor, boric spirits or vodka. Burying boric or camphor alcohol in the ear is acceptable, but only in children older than 6 years - not more than 2 drops.

In fungal lesions of the auditory canal, people rub it with a solution of soda (not to be confused with instillation or washing). Soda creates an alkaline environment in which mushrooms do not breed well, but can not completely cure the fungal infection.

Sollux (blue lamp) is a thermal procedure, shown with a noggin otitis. However, in everyday life, nocturnal otitis from purulent is difficult to distinguish, especially since a bacterial infection can not be heated. Therefore, any folk methods should be coordinated with the treating pediatrician.

Prevention of otitis

Rational ear hygiene. It is inadmissible to clean the ears of a child with improvised means, to penetrate deep into the ear canal.
After bathing, the baby needs to shake out or get wet from the ear.
Children under one year should not be in drafts without head covers covering their ears.
It is necessary to treat all diseases of ENT organs (sore throats, tonsillitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis) in time and fully. Bilateral otitis in the child often develops against the background of the common cold.

zdravotvet.ru

How to treat otitis in a child

If your child complains of ear pain, which is accompanied (in some cases) by a runny nose, sore throat and fever, it is likely that the cause of this condition is the ear infection.

Often it occurs against the background of an already existing inflammatory disease, such as ARVI or sinusitis.

Than to treat an otitis at the child? It depends on the causative agent of the disease.

Ear infection is often caused by a virus, in which case the doctor can suggest a remedy for the treatment of symptoms, usually acetaminophen or ibuprofen.
Aspirin should not be given to children because of the threat of developing Reye's syndrome.
Unpleasant sensations can also be reduced with a warm compress placed on the area around the ear.

How to treat otitis media without antibiotics? This is possible if the nature of the disease is not of a bekterial nature. If the infection of the ear is caused by a bacterium, then treatment of otitis in a child with an antibiotic is required. The debate about the use of antibiotics to treat otitis media in the middle ear arose in the 1990s, as many bacteria developed resistance to antibiotics. Some doctors initially treated only the symptoms of middle ear inflammation, without antibiotics.

It is worth noting

Many doctors are concerned that without antibiotics, the number of bacteria lurking inside the middle ear can increase significantly, which can lead to hearing loss or mastoiditis. They indicate that these complications have become rare, mainly as a result of antibiotic therapy. To prevent complications, many otolaryngologists treat all ear infections as if they are caused by bacteria.

A child with otitis media should feel better within a few days after visiting a doctor.

If several days have passed and the baby still feels pain in the ear, you should consult a doctor again. Perhaps then, how to treat otitis in a child tried by a doctor, it turned out to be ineffective and another antibiotic will be needed.
After the infection "left in the middle ear can remain liquid. Usually it disappears within three to six weeks.

Surgical treatment of chronic ear inflammation in children

To prevent re-infection of the middle ear, it is necessary to avoid factors that cause otitis media. For example, do not smoke in the presence of a child and do not let the baby sleep with a bottle in his mouth.

Despite these precautions, repeated inflammation of the ear in a child is not uncommon, especially in five-year and six-year-olds. What to do in case of repeated otitis media?

Your doctor may choose to wait and see tactics to see if the otitis media of the middle ear will disappear. However, if the infection continues to return, and antibiotics do not help, many doctors recommend surgical intervention. The operation is called "tympanostomy."

In the tympanic membrane small tubes-shunts are put, which allow to improve the airflow and prevent the accumulation of fluid in the middle ear. In the case of an adhesive process, they improve the hearing of a small patient.
Such tubes remain in the ear for six to nine months. They usually drop out without outside interference as the opening in the tympanic membrane closes.
Timpanostomy rarely leads to infection or scarring and, as a rule, provides a long-term positive effect. If, after the tubes have come out of the ear, the infection has returned, this means that your child has not outgrown the problem and the specialist can recommend a re-shunting of the tympanic membrane.
If the installation of pipes does not help prevent ear inflammation in the child, the doctor may consider the removal of adenoids to prevent the spread of infection into the auditory tubes.

How to treat otitis in a child with antibiotics

Amoxicillin is an antibiotic, which is usually prescribed for the treatment of bacterial ear infections. The drug is very effective: a single course of amoxicillin cures an ear infection from 7 to 10 days.

Nevertheless, some species of bacteria are resistant to amoxicillin. Critics of intensive use of antibiotics believe that millions of recipes with amoxicillin in otitis have helped to "remove" strains of bacteria resistant to this substance.

Some of the substitutes for amoxicillin are included in the class of drugs called cephalosporins.
There are also combinations of drugs, for example amoxicillin and clavulanate.
Before treating otitis in a child, the doctor will definitely ask if he has any allergies to this or that substance.

Than to treat an ear at the child with an allergy on amoksitsillin? The doctor may prescribe sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim or azithromycin.

Doctors sometimes prescribe antibiotics to prevent infections in children prone to repeated infections of the ear (recurrent otitis media). But not all experts agree that such tactics are useful.

Antibiotics are effective in most cases of ear infections caused by bacteria. But only 1 in 5 children with ear infections need antibiotics. In 4 other children, the disease will pass by itself.

It is important not only how to treat otitis in a child, but how much treatment should take. A child with an ear infection should feel better within 48 hours after taking antibiotics. If the condition remains the same, you should re-register with an otolaryngologist. Most likely, he will prescribe another drug.

It is important to know

It is impossible to prescribe antibiotics to a child without the consent of an otolaryngologist. If the disease is caused by a viral infection, the antibacterial drug is useless.

How to relieve pain in a child's home remedies

How to relieve pain in acute otitis in a child

It is often possible to alleviate the symptoms of otitis in a child without resorting to analgesics.

How to relieve pain in otitis in an infant? Heat, for example, from a warm compress, reduces discomfort and helps to calm the child, capricious because of pain in the ear.

Dilute vodka in half with water, moisten a soft cloth, wring out and apply to the area around the diseased ear. Wrap the top with a dense cloth. Leave for 40-60 minutes.

For a compress, you can also use a warm infusion of chamomile. You can not put a compress if the child has a fever higher than 3 degrees.

Steam inhalation can also help, but make sure that the baby does not burn, and protect the area around the eyes.
If you are breastfeeding from a bottle, make sure that the baby is in a relatively upright position. Never put a child to sleep with a bottle or a pacifier. Otherwise, there may be a so-called "infant caries".
How to relieve pain in otitis in an older child? You can rinse your throat with salt water. This helps to clean the Eustachian tubes.
Smokers should refrain from smoking in the room where the child with otitis is. Smoke and other irritants can aggravate the condition of the patient.

gajmorit.com

Acute otitis in children: what to treat?

Inflammation of the ear canals is a disease that often affects children. Everything happens for the simple reason that the structure of the ear is different for children than for adults. Children's aisles are wider and shorter. Infection over them moves freely. In this article, we will tell you about how to treat otitis in a child. You will learn about the main drugs. Also you will be able to find out information about additional medicines that accelerate recovery.

Otitis in children

If your baby has once suffered ear inflammation, then you can prepare for the situation to repeat. Experienced moms already know how to treat otitis in a child. However, it is still better to contact the otorhinolaryngologist for each case. Only the doctor will be able to make a proper and careful examination of the inner cavity of the ear. Also, the specialist will take the material for the study if necessary.

Otitis in children is often accompanied by the most unpleasant symptoms. These include: fever, pain, shooting, burning and itching in the ear. Often additional signs of the disease become a common cold. When the purulent form of acute otitis occurs, discharge of fluid from the auricles occurs. It should be noted that acute otitis takes place much harder than chronic otitis. However, it is safer in terms of consequences.

Otitis in children: what to treat?

How to correct the problem? First, consult a doctor. The doctor will carefully examine your clinical picture and will conduct an examination. Also, a specialist in the appointment of therapy will necessarily take into account the facts of ear diseases and intolerance of any medicines previously available.

If otitis occurs in children, than to treat the disease? All means can be divided into folk and conservative. The latter, in turn, are divided into medicines for oral and topical use. In especially severe cases, otorhinolaryngologists use surgical skills. It should be noted that, unlike other specialists, an ENT doctor can perform a small operation on his own. Consider how much to treat otitis in a child, what drugs should be used.

Antipyretic drugs and pain relievers

If otitis occurs in children, than treat it? The first help you can give your baby is the use of drugs that relieve fever and pain. During acute otitis, the child feels discomfort in the ear. His hearing decreases, noises appear, and most importantly, the baby feels the lumbago, which gives a lot of pain. Most children begin to sleep badly at the same time, they lose their appetite, they become whiners.

To give first aid to a crumb, give him a medicine. These can be preparations based on ibuprofen, paracetamol or analgin. Children who have reached the age of 12 can be offered aspirin. The most popular trade names for these drugs are the following: Nurofen, Paracetamol, Ibuphen, Panadol, Cefekon, Analdim and many others. Be sure to correctly calculate the dosage of the medicine. It always depends on the age and weight of the child.

Antibacterial compositions

Do not know how to treat an otitis of the ear in a child? Most domestic doctors, when this problem occurs, always prescribe antibacterial therapy. Its effectiveness is considered the maximum. However, such drugs have a lot of side effects. And, for example, in Europe they are very cautious. Foreign doctors often use expectant therapy. If the child does not feel better within three days, then only the question of the use of antibiotics is decided.

Of antibacterial agents, the most frequently prescribed formulations are amoxicillin. It can be Flemoxin, Augmentin or Amoxiclav. They are recognized as the most harmless, but effectively coping with otitis. If the child has previously taken similar medications, but they did not help him, then it is advisable to prescribe antibiotics-cephalosporins. These include: "Ceftriaxone "Cefatoxim "Suprax" and others. They are quite serious drugs that have proven themselves on the good side in fighting inflammation of the ear. Less commonly prescribed are such drugs as "Amoxicillin "Sumamed "Clarithromycin" and so on. The duration of the use of drugs can be from three days to several weeks.

Antiviral agents and compositions to enhance immunity

How to treat otitis media in a child? Rarely, but it happens that the disease is caused by a virus. In this case, no antibiotics will help to fix the problem. The child needs antiviral drugs. In some cases, they are prescribed for bacterial damage, since such medications are also capable of increasing immunity.

The most popular formulations are with interferon or its inducers. It can be Anaferon, Ergoferon, Viferon, Kipferon, or Cycloferon. Often doctors prescribe to children "Isoprinosin "Likopid" and the like drugs. However, they can not be used without the doctor's recommendation. Before using them, you should always consult with your doctor. The duration of the course is determined individually.

Antihistamines and their effectiveness in the treatment of otitis media

We continue to consider how to treat an ear otitis in a child. In most cases, the inflammatory process begins because the Eustachian tube narrows due to edema. It turns out that the ear simply can not be ventilated. Because of this, the inflammatory process also develops. Antihistamines will help to remove swelling. Not all of them are allowed to children of the first year of life. Before using, be sure to read the instructions. Doctors usually use the following means: Zirtek, Zodak, Tavegil, Fenistil and others.

It is worth noting that the described drugs will only give effect in combination with general therapy. They can not eliminate the otitisum alone.

than to treat otitis in a child 3 years old

Drugs for the introduction into the ears

How to treat otitis in children? Komarovsky says that an acute inflammatory process in the ear is an occasion for the use of drops. They may contain anti-inflammatory, analgesic or antibacterial components. The most frequently recommended tools are: "Otipaks "Otinum "Otirelaks" and so on. They all contain an anesthetic that relieves pain. However, some doctors are wary of such drugs. Doctors report that you can remove the pain syndrome with the help of the medications described above. Directly for the treatment of the ear, it is better to use such drops as "Dioxydin "Otofa". They in their composition have an antibiotic that will help to quickly remove the inflammatory process.

It should be noted that some drops for insertion into the ear canal require unbroken integrity of the eardrum. If it is damaged, then the use of such tools can lead to quite serious consequences in the future.

Nasal medications: a prerequisite

If otitis occurs in children, how to treat the pathology? Most of the inflammation of the tympanic membrane accompanies the common cold. This symptom must also be eliminated. Otherwise, after recovery, the bacteria will again enter the ear canal. Treatment of a runny nose with otitis involves the use of vasoconstrictor and antimicrobial compounds. The most popular drugs are xylometazaline. The doctor can appoint "Snoop "Nazivin "Vibrocil" or "Tizin". For particularly serious problems, corticosteroids are recommended (Avamis, Tafen, Nazonex). Such drugs can not be used for a long time. This can lead to atrophic rhinitis.

Among the antimicrobial compositions for the treatment of the nose can be identified such as "Polidexa "Isofra "Pinosol as well as "Dioxydin". It should be noted that the lavage of the nasal sinuses in otitis is strictly prohibited. This can only aggravate the situation and lead to complications.

how to treat purulent otitis in children

Puncture of the tympanic membrane and its purification

How to properly treat otitis in a child? If the problem does not go away after using the described means, or the baby becomes worse in a short time, it is advisable to make a puncture of the tympanic membrane. This manipulation is called myringotomy. It is carried out without additional anesthesia. The doctor makes a small incision with the help of the appropriate instrument, after which the accumulated liquid and pus leave the pus.

The resulting material should be sent to the study to determine the sensitivity to antibiotics. After the obtained results, the otorhinolaryngologist can assign a suitable preparation with high accuracy.

Application of the tube: drainage

How to treat otitis in a child of 3 years, if the situation repeats constantly? After all, in children of this age the relapse of the described disease is very great. The specialist may suggest that you use surgical techniques and install a small tube into the eardrum. This part will allow the liquid not to accumulate, but to come out. As a result, the inflammatory process does not appear. Often, this method is used for chronic otitis media, which are repeated more than 10 times a year and are difficult to treat with antibiotics. The procedure is called "tympanostomy." Drainage in the ear of a child can stand as long as the doctor deems necessary.

Traditional methods of treatment

How to treat purulent otitis in children? Often our grandmothers advise you to apply warming. Doctors also say that this can be very dangerous. Under the influence of heat, the inflammatory process can only become more acute. Traditional methods of treatment are as follows:

Take the camphor oil and lightly heat it. Dampen the tampon in it, then insert it into the ear. Wear a dense bandage and warm the inflamed part for two hours.
Hydrogen peroxide has always been used to treat and prevent otitis. Drip a few drops of the drug into the damaged ear, then gently clean the sink with a cotton swab.
Take boric alcohol and hold it in your hands to warm it. After that, enter two drops into each ear canal. The drug will help kill pathogens. However, it must be remembered that this method can not be used when the tympanic membrane is damaged.
Heat a handful of salt in a frying pan. After that, put the loose bulk in the toe and attach it to the sick ear. Hold for half an hour and remove the heat compress.

Instead of concluding

After reading the article, you learned how to treat otitis in a child 3 years old or at another age. Remember, this is a very insidious disease. Do not cancel prescribed medications as soon as you feel better. This practice can lead to an increase in the resistance of microorganisms to drugs. Be sure to complete the prescribed course of medication.

Try never to self-medicate. Remember that timely access to a doctor is the key to a successful outcome. Use the services of specialists and always be healthy!

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Inflammation of the ear in a child, symptoms and treatment

Vospalenie uha u rebenka simptomyi i lechenie

Inflammatory process of the middle ear is a frequent illness of children (both very young and older). Inflammatory process of the middle ear is accompanied by extremely unpleasant symptoms, which worsen the baby's well-being. The condition of the child can be described as flaccid, weak. The child may have fever, a cold starts. If you do not stop this difficult process in time, then there is a risk that otitis from the acute form will pass into purulent.

The consequences of purulent otitis are:

Inflammation begins to amaze and destroy the tympanic membrane;
If the child or parent with a purulent form of otitis will perform inaccurate manipulations with the ear, then the risk of injury increases;
Chronic purulent form of otitis quickly spreads to the sinuses of the nose, tonsils in the pharynx, and also - there is a risk that the infection will penetrate into the brain.

Treatment of ear inflammation at home - yes or no?

No, it is strictly forbidden to put any diagnoses to the child independently and even more so - to engage in self-medication. You, as an attentive parent, can determine in time the deterioration of the child's well-being, and write to the otolaryngologist.

Further, the full diagnosis of the inflammatory process of the ear, as well as the diagnosis and treatment is the right to appoint only a doctor.

What is included in the treatment of otitis in a child?

In the treatment of otitis includes antibiotic therapy, then, the use of medications aimed at eliminating the inflammatory process. Your child may be prescribed a set of physiotherapeutic procedures, as well as a prophylactic wash of the nasal sinuses.

Naturally, parents who do not have a special medical education have no right to treat a child.

If the child is diagnosed with a chronic form of otitis, then be ready for the appointment - removal of adenoids for medical reasons.

It is forbidden at otitis!

In no case is it advisable to make warming compresses in your ear if your child has a fever of up to 38 degrees or more. Such treatment can only worsen the health of children and vice versa - intensify the inflammatory process.

Without the appointment of the attending physician, it is not recommended to do inhalations to facilitate breathing with nasal sinuses.

In folk medicine and home therapy, it is customary to use boric alcohol for ear inflammation. But, remember that if you misuse this tool, it will lead to heat a burn of the entire ear canal, and can also lead to serious damage to the drum webbeds. Do not risk the health of a child!

Effects of otitis media on children

If you do not go to the doctor on time and do not confirm the diagnosis, then the child can expect such complications as:

Hearing loss - in some, very severe cases - complete or partial deafness;
Chronic otitis - that is, if any external negative factors occur, the child will have an inflammatory process of the ear.
Paresis of the facial nerve.
Inflammation of the temporal bone.
Defeat of the membranes of the brain.

Otitis in children

How does the ear start in children? When you need to see a doctor, under what conditions? What should alert parents to the child's physical well-being?

Inflammation of the middle ear begins as an ordinary cold disease. The child complains of weakness in the body, muscle pain. Children in the very beginning of the inflammation of the ear are sluggish, they are capricious. Then, the temperature starts to rise, a runny nose appears, the upper respiratory tract swells, the eyes water.

If the child is very small - from a year old and older, then the characteristic symptom is that he constantly touches his ear.

When parents start to treat ARI, and do not notice that the child has an earache, the state of health begins to worsen with each passing day. As a result, the acute form of inflammation of the middle ear turns into purulent and begins the rapid destruction of the tympanic membrane by an infectious process. At this stage, the pus may leak from the patient's ear.

Otitis in concealed form in young children

If your child is not yet 1 year old, his otitis will have a latent form. What does it mean? It is very difficult for young children, and sometimes even impossible to establish the correct and the only true diagnosis.

Characteristic signs of malaise and inflammation of the middle ear in a young child will be: nervousness, capriciousness, rejection of the breast, constant rotation of the head, tears.

Also, a characteristic phenomenon may be that children at this age will try to put a pen to the head and rub their ear. Remember! This is an important criterion and a sign that the baby needs a qualified medical examination.

If you still doubt - the ear hurts the child or something else, then gently, if you touch, click on the tragus of the ear. If there is an inflammatory process in the ear, the child may begin to cry, frown, and curl. If the child does not feel any painful sensations, then the cause of the indisposition in something else.

The cause of chronic otitis

If your child has an inflammation of the middle ear that takes on a chronic form, that is, otitis occurs 3-4 times or more per year, this may be due to factors such as:

A short eustachian tube in children up to a year (the eustachian tube connects the throat and the drum cavity). As soon as a child gets a cold, the infection (virus) very quickly penetrates the eustachian tube into the ear canal.
Infections from the nasopharynx, inflammation of the tonsils, pathological enlargement of the adenoids, as well as SARS in chronic form - all this leads to damage to the inner ear.
Anatomic obstruction of outflow of mucus accumulating in the nasopharynx, in children under 1 year.

For the diagnosis of otitis, the child will have to undergo such studies as audiometry (determines the degree of hearing loss), typeometry - to confirm the diagnosis - inflammation of the middle ear.

When the pus accumulates in the auricle, an MRI is prescribed.

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Otitis - medium, acute, purulent, in children, symptoms and treatment

Otitis is an inflammation of the middle ear, which is the most common disease of ENT organs. At the heart of otitis is inflammatory processes in the mucosa that occur in the middle ear. In general, the outer ear consists of parts such as the auricle, external ear canal and tympanic membrane, which divides the outer ear with the middle ear. The middle ear is a tiny cavity where the bone mechanism is located, which transmits sound waves into the inner ear canal.

And the middle ear also transforms incoming sound waves into special nerve impulses that enter the brain. Otitis is external, that is, when there is inflammation of the auricle or inflammation of the ear canal. And also there is an average otitis, that is there is an inflammation of an average ear. Usually otitis media occurs after complications of infectious diseases such as influenza, tonsillitis and others.

Acute otitis media

Acute otitis is a common disease of the body, where the local manifestation are inflammatory-infectious processes, covering all three anatomical airborne components of the middle ear, this is the tympanum, auditory tube and mastoid outgrowth. According to the statistics, the average otitis occurs in 25-30% of people who have ear diseases and this indicates that acute otitis is a widespread disease. In the first place in terms of the frequency of acute otitis media are children under 5 years old, and elderly people are on the second place, and in the third place there are teenagers under 14 years old. Acute otitis does not have a specific pathogen, nor can it be caused by pathogenic microorganisms of different species, which include viruses, microbes and fungal flora or their associations.

The trigger mechanism for the development of acute otitis media is acute respiratory viral infections or influenza. In addition, the general assumptions and risk factors that favor the emergence and further development of acute otitis play a great role in the development of the disease.

Symptoms of otitis

It is worth noting that the easiest form of otitis is external otitis, but apart from it there is internal otitis and an otitis media of the middle ear. Concerning the symptoms of otitis, it is usually aching pain with a periodic

character, as well as possible swelling of the auricle and the temperature of the human body rises. The causes of external otitis may be mechanical damage to the tissue of the outer ear, that is, microtraumas with improper cleaning or trauma to the auricle. And the inflammation of the mucosa in the middle ear is called the otitis media of the middle ear. The danger of this type of otitis is that it leads to very serious consequences. For example, full or partial hearing loss may occur, and inflammation may spread further, even on the brain envelope.

In addition, the otitis media of the middle ear is usually accompanied by severe pain in the ear, a decrease in hearing, a sense of ear congestion, and noise from the transfusion water, and in severe forms of otitis is accompanied by secretions from the ear canal and an increase in body temperature, which may be more than 38 degrees. And if there is no wrong and untimely treatment of otitis media of the middle ear, then in the future it can lead to the development of internal otitis media.

Symptoms of internal otitis are very similar to the symptoms of otitis media of the middle ear, but in this case there is a large risk of complications, therefore hospitalization is necessary and even operative treatment of otitis in hospital. In addition, otitis, like many other diseases, can occur in chronic and acute forms.

If it is an acute form of otitis, then very quickly there is a strong pain, which with every hour or even minutes even more increases. If it is a chronic form of otitis, it proceeds more slowly, and its symptoms are less pronounced, like other forms, but this does not eliminate the danger after the onset of this disease.

Acute otitis media

As for acute otitis, it proceeds in stages. For example, first there is inflammation of the mucosa of the middle ear, then there is a suppuration and perforation of the tympanic membrane occurs. In general, acute otitis can take place quite easily, if there is no noticeable general reaction of the body. In some cases this form of otitis can take a severe course, which has sharp reactive phenomena on the part of the body. The causes of acute otitis media are penetrated into the tympanic cavity of infection. This can happen due to a sharp weakening or hypothermia of the body.

Even acute otitis media can occur again, and become a consequence of complications of infections and as a result of upper respiratory tract infection or after a transferred flu. In childhood, the disease can occur after suffering from scarlet fever, diphtheria, measles and other childhood infectious diseases. Another acute inflammation of the middle ear can occur after chronic or acute inflammation of the nose and pharynx. Depending on the severity of the course of the disease, there are general and local symptoms of otitis media of the middle ear. For example, with the usual course of acute otitis, recovery and complete restoration of auditory functions quite often occur. If there are unfavorable conditions of treatment, the course of the disease may acquire a prolonged languid character or it will pass into a chronic form.

With a typical course of acute purulent otitis, three periods of development are distinguished. For example, in the first period occurs the emergence and development of inflammatory processes in the middle ear. In this case, the pain in the ear is very strong and gradually increasing, and in more severe cases it becomes simply intolerable and painful, which can take away peace. Most often, the pain is felt in the depth of the ear, and by its nature it can be pulsating, vomiting, aching or shooting. Quite often, with acute otitis media, pain can be given to the teeth, the back of the head, to the temple or spread all over the head, and also increases with sneezing, sneezing, swallowing, with coughing, since in this case the pressure in the drum cavity.

At the next stage of development of otitis, the perforation of the tympanic membrane occurs and the result of inflammation is a purulence. Then, after suppuration, the temperature usually decreases, but this painful process can last 4-7 days. With inflammation, suppuration is first observed abundantly, and then significantly reduced and pus gets a thick consistency. If there is an average acute otitis in the ear, then pus in this case has no smell. If in this case there is no external otitis.

As for the third period of acute otitis media, a gradual cessation of inflammatory processes, then the suppuration disappears, the work of the middle ear normalizes and the perforation of the tympanic membrane recovers. And the duration of each of these periods can range from a few days to two weeks.

Acute catarrhal otitis

This form of otitis is accompanied by inflammation of the middle ear cavities, which cause streptococci, staphylococci and other pathogens. To provoke acute catarrhal otitis can lowered the body's resistance, diabetes, hypothermia, beriberi, kidney disease, rickets, various infectious diseases and so on. Most often, bacteria penetrate into the middle ear from the nasal cavity, through the auditory tube and this occurs when acute inflammation of the mucous membrane during acute rhinitis, acute respiratory infections, influenza, or acute Otitis.

Factors that accelerate the spread of infection are coughing, adenoid growths, sneezing or improper blowing, because it is necessary to clean each nostril in turn. Symptoms of ductal otitis media include ear noise, pain, a feeling of congestion, and hearing loss. And usually the pain in this case is growing, it can also give in the teeth, felt deep in the ear or give to the parietal-temporal or occipital area. In addition, they can observe unpleasant sensations when coughing, sneezing and swallowing, which very often deprives the patient of appetite and sleep. And when the disease occurs against the background of a common infectious disease, the temperature can rise sharply.

When the patient is examined, the doctor discovers the redness of the tympanic membrane, and touching it is very painful. Regarding treatment, then with catarrhal otitis, bed rest is necessary, and in case of complications, hospitalization is required. To eliminate pain, you need to instill carbolic glycerin and alcohol into the hearing aid by 70% for 5-6 drops in each ear. Next enter into each ear a cotton wick at night. In addition, physiotherapy, warmers and vodka compresses are used. And in the nose instilled vasoconstrictive and bactericidal drops. If the temperature is high, the doctor prescribes antipyretic drugs.

Acute exudative otitis media

This form of otitis is an inflammation of the middle ear with the formation of transudate and its long-term retention in the tympanic cavity. In its prevalence, acute exudative otitis in children is more common than in adults. A diagnosis of acute exudative otitis in 60% of children aged 3-7 years and 10% of children aged 12-15 years. The causes of exudative acute otitis are quite diverse and can be divided into local and general. For example, common causes include allergies, decreased overall immune reactivity, environmental factors, specific diseases that reduce immunity, as well as frequent infectious disease.

If these are local causes of exudative otitis media, then this may be a violation of the ventilation function of the auditory tube, as a result of hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil, as well as a slow inflammatory-allergic process in the pharyngeal tonsil. In children, the clinical symptoms of this disease are not very pronounced. Quite often the main symptom in the disease is a decrease in hearing or a strong noise in the ear. But since children aged 2-5 years do not usually complain about hearing loss, exudative otitis media is more common and complicates in this case. And if a child with this form of otitis is not treated, then after 3-4 years he may develop persistent and irreversible hearing loss, which is caused by cicatricial adhesive process in the middle ear, formation of eardrums in the tympanic membrane, atrophy of the tympanic membrane or its perforation. In addition, the sound-receiving apparatus may suffer in part.

Acute purulent otitis media

This form of otitis is a purulent acute inflammation of the mucous membrane on the tympanic membrane. With this form of the disease, all parts of the middle ear are also involved in the catalytic inflammation. Acute purulent otitis is a widespread middle ear disease, which is very common proceeds in a mild form, and then it can develop violently and cause a severe inflammatory reaction organism. But in both cases quite often the acute purulent otitis leaves in the future an adhesive process, which is accompanied by a hard-to-treat deafness, and also can pass into a chronic and often progressive form, which leads to hearing loss and to other severe complications.

The most common acute purulent otitis occurs in children under 3 years old. And its distinctive feature is an acute onset and a rather lingering course, but in childhood increases the tendency to recurrence of the disease. The main factors that provoke this disease are a combination of a decrease in total and local resistance, as well as getting into the tympanic cavity of the infection. Quite often, through the auditory tube, a microflora directly enters the tympanic cavity, which saprophytes in the pharynx. But this can not cause inflammation if the general and local reactivity is normal. And if the supply of microflora was massive or the microflora was highly virulent, then in this case acute otitis media appears.

The main pathogens of acute otitis in children and adults are the main infections or associations of microorganisms. Most often, viral otitis is observed in epidemics of viral diseases.

The most frequent way to penetrate the infection is through the auditory tube. And since there is no flora with microbes in the middle ear cavity, the barrier function of the mucous membrane in the auditory tube comes into play. As a result, mucus is produced here, which has an antimicrobial effect. Inflammatory epithelium of the auditory tube moves the mucous secret to the nasopharynx. Therefore, with different common infectious diseases, with local acute exacerbations, and also with inflammatory, chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract function of protecting the epithelium in the auditory tube is violated. As a result, the microflora immediately penetrates into the tympanum.

In some rare cases, the infection can enter the middle ear through a damaged eardrum during a trauma or through the wound of the mastoid process. In this case, there is a traumatic otitis media. The most rare way of penetrating infections in the middle ear is the hematogenous way. And it is possible if there are such infectious diseases as measles, influenza, scarlet fever, tuberculosis and others in the body. In extremely rare cases, acute purulent otitis can develop as a result of retrograde spread of infection directly from the cranial cavity or from the labyrinth.

Acute Otitis in Children

Usually acute otitis in children begins with sharp pain in the ear and high fever. And most often it starts after a flu or cold. The most important thing that needs to be done in this situation is to put a warm sink behind the auricle vodka compress and it is best to do it with camphor alcohol, which must be diluted by half with water. Most often, the compress reduces pain and the child calms down, but you do not need to stop. Since the child immediately needs to be shown immediately to the doctor. It is worth noting that otitis is terrible with its complications, which can occur if the child is not treated in time. In addition, otitis can pass into a chronic form or can lead to a partial hearing loss.

To the occurrence of complications, otitis predisposes the structure of the organ of hearing. After all, children have a more sinuous hearing aid than adults, and at the end of the passage there is a tympanic membrane, which is a barrier covering the middle ear. And behind this very thin film there is a tympanic cavity, which has a sound instrument - these are auditory ossicles, nerves, muscles and vessels. The drum cavity consists of an auditory tube, which connects it with the nasopharynx, which you should pay attention to. After all, with various respiratory or other infections that are most common in children, the inflammatory process begins, which most often affects the nasopharynx. Therefore, through the auditory tube, which in children is shorter and wider than in adults, the microbes immediately enter the tympanum.

Acute otitis media of the middle ear

This disease is a manifestation of inflammation in the tissues of the tympanic cavity, mastoid process and auditory tube. Most often, acute otitis media of the middle ear occurs in childhood, but people of any age can be ill. Inflammatory process in the middle ear can be caused by different microorganisms, these are streptococci, staphylococci, fungi and viruses. Most often, microorganisms enter the middle ear directly through the auditory tube and this is usually contribute to this process in the nose, nasopharynx, in the paranasal sinuses or in the presence of adenoids in children. A more rare way of penetrating infections in the middle ear is to hit it through the external auditory wire during a tympanic injury. Another occurrence of acute otitis can occur with infectious diseases such as scarlet fever, influenza or measles, and there is another way of penetrating the infection-it's through the blood.

In addition, a decrease in the body's resistance to various infectious diseases, kidney diseases, with diabetes and hypothermia can contribute to the development of inflammatory processes on average ear. In the course of the disease, acute otitis media of the middle ear is purulent and catarrhal. And during the acute otitis media, three stages are distinguished. The first stage is acute catarrhal otitis, that is, the onset and development of inflammatory processes in middle ear and further increase in the symptoms of the disease, which are associated with the accumulation of exudate - this fluid on average ear.

The second stage is purulent otitis, that is, the formation and accumulation of pus in the middle ear cavity, which leads to rupture of the tympanic membrane and to suppuration. The third stage of development of acute otitis media of the middle ear is the fading of the inflammatory process, which significantly decreases and gradually stops suppuration, and then there is a fusion of the edges of the drum webbeds.

Acute otitis externa

This form of otitis is an inflammation of the skin of the cartilaginous part of the auditory external passageway. Symptoms of acute external otitis are ear pain, chewing pain, when pressing on a tragus, pain while sipping the auricle. Naturally, with this disease there may be swelling near the auricle on either side or with one of them. Another possible pain when pressing the mastoid process, and the pain itself is amplified towards the ear folds. Still observed with acute external otitis narrowing of the external auditory canal with varying degrees of severity. In addition, lymphadenitis of the pre-limb lymph nodes is possible.

When the eardrum is not inflamed, the hearing may not be affected. And in differential diagnosis, skin cholesteatoma can be detached from the back of the external auditory canal. For the treatment of acute external otitis in the external auditory canal is introduced turundas with Burov's fluid or with boric alcohol, and also prescribed for the treatment of UHF therapy in the ear area. And with severe pain and high body temperature, antibiotics are prescribed - oletetrin, doxycycline, vibramycin or erythromycin for 6-7 days. Such treatment is also carried out with purulent discharge.

If the disease is prolonged. The doctor prescribes intramuscular injections of antibiotics, prescribes autohemotherapy and locally prescribes staphylococcal anatoxin. If a recurrent furunculosis develops, then autohemotherapy is required, a blood test for sugar is performed to exclude diabetes, and vitamin therapy is necessary.

Acute bilateral otitis media

Acute bilateral otitis is an inflammation in the tissues of the tympanic membrane or auditory tube. In addition, the inflammatory process can affect the surrounding tissues. Most often acute otitis does not lead to hearing loss, but there are exceptions, if it is a purulent otitis, in which the destruction of the tissues of the middle ear. Acute bilateral otitis develops from five stages. The very first stage is characterized by stuffy ears, noise in the ears, and fever may be absent. In the second stage, there may be acute catarrhal inflammation in the middle ear, which is characterized by the symptoms of the first stage. There may be shooting pain in the ear, rise in temperature and inflammation of the mucous membranes. The next stage of the disease is the preperforative stage, which is characterized by intolerable pain passing into the neck, eyes, teeth and into the pharynx. Body temperature at this stage can rise to a risky figure.

At the next postperforative stage of acute bilateral otitis media, the pain weakens, but suppuration begins from the ears. The last stage is the reparative stage, that is, the arrest of inflammation and the beginning of recovery. The most important danger during suppuration is the threat that pus will enter the cranial cavity and cause a brain abscess or meningitis. In addition, you need to remember about the obligatory visit to the doctor at the very first manifestations of pain in the ears or if the ears pawned. And if these symptoms do not pass for two or three weeks, then there is a danger of the disease.

If treatment is performed only by unconventional means, then this can cause complications, since similar methods are used only under the supervision of a doctor. And the therapy must necessarily be carried out, taking into account all aspects of the disease, for example, to take into account the extent of the inflammatory reaction, to take into account all complications and other concomitant diseases. In addition, it is very important to take into account the general condition of the patient, as well as his individual characteristics. And depending on the nature and form of the defeat of the middle ear, choose a method of treatment that can be operational or conservative. According to statistics, acute bilateral otitis media can manifest in 80% of children under 3 years old. Quite often, otitis develops after hypothermia or after a cold. And in order to prevent it, it is necessary to treat the mucous membrane of the throat and nose in a timely manner.