From this article you will learn: how important is the stop of venous bleeding. Algorithms for first aid in venous bleeding: with damage to the veins of the neck, upper and lower extremities, with nosebleeds. Forecasts in this state.
content of the article:
- bleeding in the neck veins
- bleeding when damaged
- veins of the extremities Profuse epistaxis
- Forecasts
Hemostasis venous - one of the most important skills in first aid, as the damage to major blood vessels can lead to profuse blood loss and death in a matter ofminutes.
To distinguish venous bleeding from the arterial is quite simple: when large arteries are damaged, bright red blood flows with strong jerks, synchronously heartbeats and pulse. The tension in the venous vessels is much weaker than in the arterial vessels, so the flow of blood is uniform, abundant, not pulsating, and blood is dark, saturated with carbon dioxide. Stop
phleborrhagia easier than blood, because of the relatively small pressure vessels: enough to lift the injured limb, to impose a pressure bandage wound below, exert cold( with epistaxis).
If blood vessels of small diameter are damaged, the blood stops rather quickly because the lumen closes the thrombus. But with injuries of large veins, the diameter of the vessel does not allow the formation of a blood clot, from the abundant blood loss a person can have a shock, which ends in death.
If in the case of arterial hemorrhage the account goes literally for seconds, then with venous blood runs out more slowly, it allows it to stop, even if the person is not quite sure of their actions.
First aid for bleeding:
- It is necessary to find the place of damage.
- Raise and fix the limb.
- There is no time to clean and disinfect the wound with heavy blood loss - it is important to stop it, so ask the victim to press the vein with the hand below the injury site or do it yourself.
- pressure bandage applied below the site of a cut or puncture, and may be of any of the dressing, which was at hand: a bandage, a clean cotton cloth, handkerchief.
- Before you start to bandage, below the site of the cut is necessary to put a folded several times in the fabric, so if applied you will achieve the desired pressure on the lumen of the damaged blood vessels to reduce bleeding.
- A bandage needs to be done a few turns around the limb, starting with a thinner place. A positive result of first aid for venous bleeding is if the blood is stopped, and a pulse can be felt below the bandages. This means that you managed to reduce the lumen of the vessels, but not to disturb the blood supply.
- The injured person needs to be taken to hospital within 2 hours( in winter time this period is reduced by half), as an incorrectly imposed, too tight bandage can cause necrosis of tissues.
Whenever you encounter a heavy bleeding, the count goes for a minute. The main thing is not to panic, but to try to stop the blood, and then send the victim to the hospital. The hospital
extensive vascular damage eliminate surgeons for the treatment of superficial enough to apply to any emergency room or the hospital emergency room, where he made a bandage with antiseptic and wound-healing agent.
The algorithm for first aid differs depending on where the wounds are localized. The most difficult are damage to the cervical veins, it is easier to stop the flow of blood from the vessels of the extremities.
bleeding in the neck veins
The danger of damage to the veins in the neck:
- without professional skills it is impossible to apply a bandage so as not to provoke choking the victim;
- vessels in the neck - large diameter, their injuries cause profuse and rapid blood loss, so you need to provide first aid as quickly as possible;
- in the lumen of a large vessel can suck in air, resulting in an air cork( embolism), which can cause death.
How to stop bleeding from neck damage:
- Lay the person in such a way as to ensure free access to the wound.
- If possible, apply a cotton or gauze cloth, folded several times, onto the wound, impregnated with an antiseptic( hydrogen peroxide).
- Press three fingers together( anonymous, middle and index) with both hands above and below the damage.
You can assume that you have achieved results if the bleeding has stopped or is greatly weakened, but under the fingers there is a pulsation of deep vessels.
Stop bleeding in the arm or leg
How to stop venous bleeding from the upper or lower extremities? By applying a special bandage:
- raise the limb and fix it in a raised position;
- to press the damaged vessel below the wound and apply a folded cotton or gauze cloth to this place( if possible, moisten the tissue with an antiseptic, eg chlorhexidine or hydrogen peroxide);
- apply a bandage, wrapping a bandage or a piece of cotton cloth around the limb. You need to start from a narrower place and bandage so that pre-imposed with a tampon to press down and maximally reduce the lumen of damaged vessels;
- if the dressing is soaked with blood - you do not need to remove it, it is better to apply a few more layers of dressing.
There is another way to stop bleeding from the extremities, depending on where the damage is located:
- The injured person's arm is bent at the elbow joint( as after the procedure for taking blood from the vein for tests) and tied with a wide bandage or bandage forearm to the shoulder in a bent position.
- The leg of the victim is maximally bent at the knee joint and the shin is tied to the thigh.
- The leg of the victim is bent in the thigh and the thigh is tied to the trunk.
When bending the extremities to the superficial veins, there is sufficient pressure to stop the blood.
Nasal bleeding
Strong flow of blood from the nose is stopped in this way:
- the victim must sit so that the blood can flow freely from the nose: slightly bending his head down;
- to stop blood, you need to squeeze the damaged vessels, pressing on the wings of the nose on both sides for 5 minutes( if the cause is not fracture);
- to the bridge of the nose apply any cold object: a wet handkerchief, ice, snow;
- if the blood can not be stopped within 15 minutes, insert the turuns from the bandage folded into the two nostrils;
- tilt the head, draw a nosebleed or swallow it categorically: vomiting may start.
Even if the first aid for venous bleeding is successful, the victim still needs to be hospitalized.
Forecasts
If a small venous vessel is damaged, spontaneous thrombus formation occurs and bleeding stops on its own or after the application of a pressure bandage. The blood loss in this case is small, and life is usually not threatened. However, only a doctor can give an overall assessment of the condition of the victim.
In case of damage to medium and large veins( jugular, subclavian and femoral), a favorable prognosis depends on timely care. The blood loss in a short time( 30 to 50 minutes) can lead to death. A serious complication is the filling of the channel with an air stopper( the vein is filled with air when inhaled, when negative pressure forms in it), which can lead to death from embolism earlier than from blood loss.
With successful first aid, it must be remembered that it is only possible to stop bleeding from damaged vessels permanently in a medical institution.
