Diet for vomiting in a child

Before thinking about a diet for vomiting in a child, it is necessary to find out its cause. Nausea and vomiting are manifestations of various diseases: food poisoning, infection, pathology of the stomach and intestines, biliary dyskinesia, head trauma. Often, vomiting accompanies the physiological moments of growth of children: teething, reaction to fear, stress.

Trying to feed a child better, adults forget that the baby's digestion is not ready for the effects of spices, fried foods, fatty creams, ice cream, chocolate. Only in 3 years( in some children the process is stretched to 5 years), the organs produce enough enzymes, the necessary reflex connections are established for the complete digestion of food.

Briefly on the mechanism and features of the

problem Vomiting begins with a feeling of nausea. Kids worry, cry. Objectively, you can notice increased salivation, refusal to eat, quickening of breathing. The mechanism of vomiting is associated with a reflex, involving the simultaneous activation of the center in the medulla oblongata, the muscles of the diaphragm and the abdominal wall, the contractions of the stomach, and the opening of the cardiac sphincter located between the esophagus and the stomach.

In various cases, the stomach can be induced to reflex purification: intoxication of the body, damage and overexcitation of the brain, ingestion of heavy food for digestion. Vomiting should be distinguished from regurgitation in infants. It is associated with overfeeding, the introduction of new mixtures with artificial feeding, ingestion of the air during feeding( the position of the child's head is important).

In case of profuse regurgitation, the baby should avoid anomalies in the development of the esophagus and stomach

. If vomiting is followed by diarrhea, then the effect of infection( rotovirus, influenza, bacterial) or toxins in food poisoning is more likely. In each case, the child should be examined by a doctor and prescribed treatment. One dietary diet can not cope with the disease. Revaluation of their abilities by parents can harm the state of children.

Doctors assess vomiting as a symptom:

• in frequency( single or repeated);
• connection with eaten food;
• time after feeding;
• the amount and nature of vomit;
• to the available impurities of mucus, blood, bile, clotted milk.

The diagnosis takes into account the general condition of the child: fever, activity( weakness, lethargy - signs of intoxication), complaints of abdominal pain, head, presence of stool disorders. We give examples of nutrition of the child in vomiting, which are often recommended by pediatricians, but require correction in each individual case.

Nutrition rules

Nutrition in the child's vomiting is as follows. While the reasons for vomiting are not clear, parents should be guided in the diet by the general principles of helping the child with vomiting. Do not dehydrate the body. When vomiting, diarrhea, children lose water and electrolytes. After vomiting in the child in the tissues, a dehydration process begins, which can quickly lead to a shock state. Therefore, even between vomiting urges should be given to drink slightly acidified water, saline solutions. Part of the liquid will have time to suck in from the stomach.

Introduction of a significant amount of liquid in the diet helps to "dilute" the concentration of harmful substances, toxins, and therefore reduces the overall intoxication of

. For the restoration of digestion, a brief pause( discharge) is necessary. One-year-old children and infants need a break of 5-6 hours in the arrival of food. A child of 2 years and older may need fasting during the day. When to begin to feed the child with vomiting will prompt its condition.

Subsequent feeding should be consistent with the diet and the quality of the preparation as gentle as possible on the stomach and intestines( grinding food, liquid consistency, ban on fried foods, sweets).Do not load the baby's stomach immediately after stopping vomiting. Expansion of the diet is gradual.

Catering after vomiting for babies

In infant feeding after a single vomiting, provided that there is no diarrhea, fever, the baby does not respond to palpation of the abdomen( no pain):

• endure a "hungry" four-hour pause( in a year it can be increased to 6 hours);
• stop using all kinds of complementary foods;
• switch to the feeding schedule of breast milk or a formula for a baby that is familiar to the baby a little after 2-2.5 hours, with the total milk volume being reduced by 1/3;
• replace the missing part of the food with an aqueous solution.

If vomiting does not repeat, on the second day the volume of food increases, and on the third - it is brought to the age norm. The frequency of feeding can be reduced. Lure to enter only with the permission of the pediatrician.

How to feed preschool children after a single vomiting?

For a child of a kindergarten age, it is also important to associate with diarrhea, fever( signs indicate a possible infection).If the general condition does not vomit after vomiting, do not feel sick, the temperature is normal, then after a 5-6 hour break, when drinking was given only, you can allow to eat after vomiting:

• liquid porridge cooked on water( oatmeal, rice, buckwheat);
• dried wheat bread without crusts or crackers;
• soft-boiled egg;
• puree of boiled vegetables( potatoes, carrots, zucchini);
• wiped fresh, low-fat cottage cheese;
• kefir.

From sour-milk mixes with additives of fruit and berries it is better to abstain. Kasha and kefir are allowed to be slightly sweetened. From the second day, in the absence of repeated vomiting, the menu expands due to low-fat soups, boiled dishes from minced meat( cutlets, meatballs, meatballs).In the puree, butter is added. It is necessary to exclude the possibility of overfeeding. The child has an appetite, and he asks to eat something "tasty".

For persistent vomiting, worsening, fever, it is necessary to call a doctor and strictly follow its recommendations

Diet for food poisoning

The diet after vomiting during poisoning is as follows. The diagnosis is made on the basis of identifying the connection with the use of poor-quality products, violation of the rules of storage and processing of food. At home, the reason is often overdue dairy products, canned food.

Children under one year are given a "hunger" pause in 5-6 hours. At this time they are given a drink:

• broth of dogrose;
• weak herbal tea with chamomile, lime blossom, sage;
• ordinary boiled water;
• compote of dried fruits.

Pediatricians use the rule for calculating the first three years of fluids for a child: after each vomit and a loose stool, the body needs 100 ml. In the same cases, the older children are shown to have 150-200 ml. After the break, the usual milk mixtures, rice broth, are added to breast milk. Within 3-4 days, the reduced total volume of food is maintained at 15-20%.It is replaced by a liquid.

Monitoring the child requires the timely detection of signs of dehydration:

• dryness of the tongue;
• thirst;
• impassable lethargy;
• decreased frequency of urination.

In this situation, babies need salt solutions. In the pharmacy you can buy Reosolan, Glukosolan, Tour. The volume for a specific age is specified in the instruction, it should not be violated. To independently prepare a water-salt solution, it is necessary to add a tablespoon of salt, 2 tablespoons of sugar and half a teaspoon of baking soda to a liter of boiled water.

Some pediatricians recommend instead of water in advance to prepare a compote of raisins and strain it. The composition will ensure the child's need for electrolytes and water, if given a little, but often. On the third day, lure is introduced( liquid mashed porridge, egg yolk, vegetable puree, fruit jelly).The amount of complementary food is gradually brought to normal.

Steam cutlets are an excellent option in the period of recovery of the baby

. From the fifth day after vomiting, you can feed the child with a fatty, low-fat cottage cheese, adding mashed and ground meat stuffed with mashed potatoes. For older children against a background of vomiting during food poisoning, the period of "unloading" is extended to 6-12 hours. At this time he receives liquid( broth of dogrose, dried fruits, chamomile), baby kefir for 150-200 ml every 3 hours against the background of enterosorbents( Smecta, Polysorb).

They help to remove their intestinal slags, the remnants of infection. Feeding the child is prohibited. The next day you can give a liquid rice porridge( without milk), dried white bread or crackers, vegetable soup or puree, baked apple. Observed fractional diet of 7-8 times a day, but portions should be small. Continuous drinking.

Since the third day, the diet is expanding due to rubbed cottage cheese, boiled buckwheat porridge, soft-boiled eggs, boiled vegetables, boiled fish and meat in the form of stuffed meat, butter is added. A week later, meat and fish non-welded soups, porridges on diluted milk, steam cutlets, boiled chicken and fish, curd of usual fat content and consistency are allowed.

For 2-3 weeks there are restrictions:

• food containing easy to digest carbohydrates( all sweets, confectionery, jam);
• fatty additives in cakes, cakes;
• rye bread, pasta;
• animal fats in sausage, meat products, canned food;
• heavily digestible fiber and sour substances( cabbage, beans, beets, radishes, cucumbers, fresh vegetables).

Acetonemic crisis

How to feed a child after vomiting associated with an acetone crisis? Acetonemic conditions in childhood are due to the expenditure on energy generation, except for carbohydrates, fats with cleavage to ketone bodies, deviation towards acidification( acidosis) of the body. Vomiting attacks occur against this background up to 8 times a day. Acetone excreted with breathing, urine.

From nutrition it is required:

• abundant carbohydrate intake due to sweet tea, compote, juice, consumption of a standard solution of glucose;
• break in the food for 10-12 hours;
• from the second day is assigned a diet containing easily digestible carbohydrates( except, drinking 1-1.5 l of sweet jelly, porridge, cottage cheese, fruit puree, a little jam, baked apple, dry biscuits;
• restrictions apply to meat and fish dishes, eggs, fresh baked goods, sour berries and fruits( broth of dogrose, currant, kiwi),
• , the frequency of feeding should be observed every 3 hours

For carbohydrate acetonemia, carrots, figs, prunes, dates

are recommended. From the fourth day after the attack, vegetable soups,atarborescent egg, skim curd, dairy products, dishes from chicken meat, fish. More month, the child should follow a diet of diet: eat the dishes, exclude any fatty foods, canned food, method of frying

Feeding the baby with rotavirus infection

Rotavirus damage is heavily reflectedon the state of the intestines and stomach of the child. Vomiting and diarrhea are quickly complicated by dehydration. Especially hard are children of infants, premature babies, lagging behind in physical development. Rotavirus is distinguished by the ability to inhibit the production of enzymes that allow the absorption of milk lactose. Therefore, pediatricians recommend that for a while to stop breastfeeding babies for up to a year and switch to lactose-free daring or lactation based on soy.

A child should drink 50-70 ml of liquid every half hour. In the early days, the baby's appetite is absent, but he drinks with pleasure. Therefore, it is recommended to alternate the broth of dogrose, tea, water, rice broth, non-fried chicken broth. From the menu, any fatty and coarse food is excluded. All dishes are prepared with puree, boiled, wiped.

The possibility of expanding the diet is determined by the doctor, depending on the removal of acute symptoms of inflammation of the intestine, reducing intoxication. Vomiting in children may depend on a suffered bruise or concussion, mental trauma. Here the diet is powerless, it is necessary to consult a doctor as early as possible and not overestimate the possibilities of nutrition.