Giardiasis (giardiasis) is a parasitic pathology caused by the simplest microorganisms lamblia. The spread of the disease is ubiquitous, adults are affected, but more often children. The small intestine (85%) and the liver are affected. After penetration into the body lamblia begin to actively multiply, parasitize and disturb the person's well-being. Consider why lamblia appear in the liver, signs of the disease and methods of treatment.
- Lifestyle forms of lamblia
- Symptoms of the disease
- Giardiasis in the liver in children
- Diagnostics
- Treatment of Giardiasis
- Prevention
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Lifestyle forms of lamblia
There are two forms of parasite life:
- Movable. Due to the presence of flagella, it is able to move, and the suction disk facilitates its attachment to the intestinal wall. When microscopic, it looks like a pear. Lives in the small intestine.
- Fixed (cyst). It is formed under unfavorable conditions, for example, under the influence of bile. Inhabits the liver.
The hepatic form of the disease occurs when the mobile forms of the parasite migrate through the hepatic ducts to the organ. The microorganism acquires a form of cyst in the liver. The human body triggers an immune response to the penetration of a foreign object. At the local level, there is an inflammatory reaction that can spread to other organs of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, there is a violation of the outflow of bile, which can lead to the development of mechanical jaundice.
Important! Lamblias can enter the liver through the portal vein, which collects blood from all unpaired organs of the abdominal cavity! Parasites do not eat the liver, but only affect its normal functioning.
Symptoms of the disease
Invasion of a parasite in the liver can not manifest itself for a long time, while a person is a carrier of lamblia. The course of the disease is acute and chronic.
Acute stage and its symptoms:
- feeling of discomfort and heaviness in the right hypochondrium;
- abdominal pains that increase with palpation;
- a violation of appetite;
- bitter taste in the mouth;
- nausea and vomiting;
- increased liver size;
- disruption of food digestion;
- stool disorder (alternation of diarrhea and constipation);
- yellow color of the skin and sclera of the eyes;
- itching;
- yellow coating on the tongue and soft palate.
In the process of vital activity, lamblia is secreted by toxins that poison the body, which is characterized by a number of symptoms:
- apathy, weakness, irritability;
- decreased efficiency;
- increase in body temperature to 38 ° C;
- headache and dizziness;
- pain in muscles and joints;
- allergic reactions of varying degrees.
The acute form lasts 7-10 days, has two variants of the outcome: recovery or transition to the chronic stage.
Chronicle of the process is facilitated by untimely detection of the disease, which is perceived for acute respiratory viral infection or allergic reaction. People often do not go to a specialist, they are treated independently at home.
Signs of the chronic course of Giardiasis:
- Violation of the condition of the skin, hair and nails. There is a violation of pigmentation, areas of peeling, skin pale with yellowish tinge. In the corners of the mouth there may be confusion. This is due to the deficiency of nutrients that lamblia uses for its development.
- Loss of body weight, which is due to a violation of the processes of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
- Nervous disorders. Lamblias toxins adversely affect the brain, can cause, apathy, irritability, general weakness. A person quickly becomes tired, his sleep is disturbed.
In an adult, the disease proceeds in a lighter form than the child.
Giardiasis in the liver in children
Children are more prone to disease, because they know the world to taste. The danger is that the child's immune system is imperfect. It is not able to adequately respond to foreign agents. If digestive disorder develops, diarrhea quickly leads to dehydration of the child's body. Often develop allergic reactions.
Small patients complain of abdominal pain without a clear localization, which leads the diagnostic search to the other side (appendicitis, pancreatitis, gastritis, colitis). Without fail, children undergo medical examinations in gardens and schools with the aim of early detection of parasitic invasions, but the problem is that lamblia allocates cysts cyclically. It is not always possible to detect microorganisms at once, a comprehensive examination is required in the presence of disorders from the digestive tract.
Diagnostics
A comprehensive approach is needed, because there is no 100% method of research on lamblia.
What kind of analysis is passed first:
- Analysis of feces for eggs worm. It allows to find cysts of lamblia. There are situations when mobile forms can be defined in feces.
- Duodenal sounding. The obtained bile is studied for the presence of parasites.
- ELISA for the presence of antibodies to lamblia. Blood is being delivered from the veins on an empty stomach.
- PCR feces to identify genetic material lamblia.
- Study of feces for dysbiosis, which is typical for this disease.
- Biopsy of the small intestine. The change in the structure of the organ is assessed, and the presence of vegetative forms is microscopically revealed.
- Enterotest. The nylon thread is swallowed in the gelatin capsule, which dissolves in the stomach. The lamblia settle on the filament, it leaves naturally, then it is examined microscopically.
Additional research:
- A general blood test, which can show an increase in the level of leukocytes, ESR, eosinophils. This picture indicates the presence of an inflammatory process in the body and an allergic reaction.
- Biochemical blood test will allow to evaluate the functional activity of the liver. The level of bilirubin, ALT, AST will be increased.
- Ultrasound of the liver. It will help assess the structure of the liver and the state of the biliary tract.
Based on the results of the conducted studies, an accurate diagnosis is established and the necessary treatment is prescribed.
Treatment of Giardiasis
You can get rid of the disease only with the help of a qualified doctor. It is not recommended to remove parasites from the liver independently. The approach to treatment should be comprehensive. It is important not only to get rid of the parasite, but also to eliminate the consequences of its stay in the body.
The essence of the treatment is as follows:
- It is necessary to normalize food, exclude from the diet, acute dishes and carbohydrates.
- Antibacterial therapy. Use the courses, the children calculate the dosage for the body weight. Apply the drug Ornidazole and its analogs.
- Antiallergic drugs of the latest generation - Zirtek, Zodak, which can be used to treat children.
- Enterosorbents. Used to neutralize toxins: Smecta, Enterosgel.
- With a painful syndrome prescribed spasmolytic (No-Shpa, Spazmalgon) and painkillers (Nurofen) funds.
Important! Therapy with folk remedies is ineffective and increases the risk of the transition of the process into a chronic form!
Prevention
You can prevent lambliasis by following these rules:
- compliance with personal hygiene;
- daily wet cleaning and ventilation of the room;
- use of boiled water, washed vegetables and fruits;
- avoid swimming in open water;
- regular examination for parasitic infestation.
Curing lambliasis is not difficult, but to find out what means are effective in a particular case can only be done by a specialist.
