Inflammation of lung complications

Complications after pneumonia and their consequences

Pneumonia is an infectious disease of the lungs. The causative agents of the disease most often are staphylococci, pneumococci, streptococci and various viruses. The result of pneumonia after the illness is often all sorts of complications after pneumonia, which can even threaten death. How to identify and how to prevent them, read further in the article.

Possible complications after pneumonia and their consequences

Inflammation of the lungs in adults, most often, is very treatable. However, in order that the therapy would have a positive effect, strict follow-up of the doctor's recommendations is necessary.

A common mistake of patients is the unauthorized refusal to take medications, with the onset of the first improvement in health. The disease, whose treatment is not completed, almost always returns in a much more severe form and causes such complications of the disease as:

1. Chronical bronchitis. This disease is the most common complication of the disease. It is accompanied by a constant irritation of the bronchi, a dry, traumatic cough. Chronic bronchitis requires continuous intake of antibiotics and emollients.

2. Bronchial asthma as a consequence of pneumonia. Over time, chronic bronchitis can flow into bronchial asthma. This is a more serious disease, characterized by attacks of suffocation. People suffering from this disease can not do without inhalers.

3. Fibrosis of the lung. In severe forms of pneumonia, there may be damage to the lung tissue, lung infarcts, which after scarring form fibrosis. Fibrosis is an overgrown connective tissue that is much denser than the pulmonary and can not perform the functions of the latter. As a result, the patient constantly feels discomfort in this part of the lung and lack of oxygen.

4. At first glance, atypical, for such a disease as pneumonia, complications - violation of secretory functions of the liver and pancreas and dysbacteriosis. The cause of these diseases is an increased intake of antibiotics, which, along with the infection, kill the beneficial microflora in the intestine. For the treatment of dysbiosis, special drugs are prescribed that are able to restore the population of microflora in the intestine and recommend the use of dairy products.

5. Weakened immunity as a complication after pneumonia. Often, by transferring pneumonia, people become more vulnerable and prone to various infections, more often than others who suffer from acute respiratory disease. In order to restore the defenses of the body, it is necessary to practice quenching, observe the regime of the day and adhere to a rational diet.

6. Inflammation of the lungs can cause an abscess (abscessed pneumonia). This formation of accumulation of pus in the lung tissues. The causative agent is a variety of microorganisms, often golden Staphylococcus aureus. Whenever vomitive masses, foreign bodies, mucus enter the lungs, the protective functions of the body are significantly reduced. Lung abscess is a complication of the disintegration of a cancerous tumor in the lung or a lung infarction. Mostly the disease affects men of age who consume large quantities of alcoholic beverages.

Today, about 20% of elderly people and children die before the year from the effects of the disease. Complications are different in severity of development and severity.

Possible consequences of pulmonary inflammation in children

What are the consequences of pneumonia in newborns? Severe and difficult to adjust the consequences gives an acute pneumonia. Toxicosis after pneumonia is treated only in a hospital. For the treatment of toxicosis the following measures are used:

• localization of blood circulation centralization;
• decrease in the activity of brain regions, which are involved in the pathological process - these measures are included for normalization of circulatory disorders and blockade.

For detoxification therapy it is necessary to:

1. correction of water-electrolyte metabolism and acid-base balance;

2. collection and removal of toxins from the body;

3. improvement of rheological properties of blood;

4. maintenance of an energy cellular mode.

To the consequences of inflammation in children can also be attributed pneumonia with a delayed diuresis. Children often observe a delay in urination, and diuretic can be controlled with diuretics (Furosemide, Lasix). Apply forced diuresis, which has three options - this is the normalization of water salt metabolism, eliminating dehydration and eliminating the causes of high levels of fluid in the body.

To the consequences of pneumonia in children are also cramps. To stop the convulsive syndrome, medical methods are used. The main remedies are aimed at eliminating the causes of seizures: cerebral edema, very low oxygen content in the blood. For cupping, the following medicines are prescribed: Phenobarbital, Seduxen, Magnesium sulfate, g-hydroxybutyric acid. Strengthen the anticonvulsant effect with simultaneous application of droperidol. Only in case of lung disintegration, surgical intervention is prescribed.

How to prevent complications after pneumonia?

A common mistake of people with pneumonia is that many of them, not wanting to miss work and leave on sick leave, try to "pass" the disease on their feet, drowning out its manifestations by the reception of symptomatic means. Of course, they do not receive a proper treatment and fall into the hands of specialists in extremely serious condition. Many in the lungs form a liquid, bleeding opens, and stops breathing. To help the sick, in this situation is extremely difficult.

Symptoms of pneumonia in adults may not appear immediately, if you have signs of pneumonia, but do not observe the main symptoms, then be sure to show the doctor to establish the cause of the disease. Pneumonia is characterized by its rapid development, and do not waste time while the doctor determines the diagnosis, you should take preventive measures.

The inflammation of the lungs is quite severe, both in adults and children. The disease is very dangerous for people of age who have low immunity. People at birth who have birth defects of respiratory organs who have chronic diseases or ENT infections, as well as who work in harmful production, are at risk. Pneumonia can be affected by those who take immunosuppressants and lead a sedentary lifestyle.

Inflammation of the lungs requires treatment with drugs that are prescribed by the doctor. The doctor prescribes antibiotics, but it should be noted that in viral pneumonia, antibiotics are ineffective and in such cases usually rely on the patient's immunity. In addition to antibiotics, bronchodilators are used. When acute symptoms of the disease are eliminated, then physiotherapy is prescribed.

Prophylaxis of complications after pulmonary pneumonia

In order to prevent the occurrence of complications after pneumonia, it is necessary to carefully monitor for their own well-being, to eat rationally, to avoid hypothermia, to maintain immunity.

Correct and timely diagnosis plays an important role in the treatment of the disease. To prevent complications and consequences of the disease, it is recommended:

1. to eat vitamin food,

2. abandon bad habits (smoking, drugs, alcohol),

3. engage in exercise (running, fast walking),

4. engage in respiratory gymnastics,

5. avoid contaminated air,

6. avoid stressful situations and just enjoy life.

Causes of complications of pneumonia and their consequences

Any microorganism can be the cause for the development of a disease such as pneumonia. It depends on a number of factors: first of all on the age of the patient, where the disease has appeared - at home or in the hospital. In most cases, the symptoms of the disease also depend on the immunity of the patient.

The disease is almost never the primary, but is mainly a complication of other diseases. These diseases, which are complications of other diseases, are divided into two groups: acute viral infections and others. Their symptoms are:

1. cough;

2. shortness of breath at low temperature;

3. pain with deep breath;

4. at temperature, coughing, runny nose there is a pallor of skin;

5. catarrhal disease lasts more than 7 days;

6. It is impossible to bring down the elevated temperature for a long period.

Inflammation is characterized by the defeat of lung tissue infection, which affects mainly the alveoli and lung tissue. Often patients take symptoms of a cold for a cold, and incorrect treatment can only worsen a patient's condition. In patients, the pulse rate increases, blood pressure drops, wheezing and pain occur with deep inhalation, dyspnea.

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How to treat complications of pneumonia?

Since the diagnosis of pneumonia, the doctor has to decide in what conditions to treat the patient - at home or in a hospital hospital. Complications of pneumonia are very serious, so it is very important to begin treatment in time. What will be the consequences? This depends directly on the stage at which the disease was initiated.

Consequences of pneumonia

Pneumonia is a very dangerous disease in which pulmonary tissue is affected. Particularly severe inflammation of the lungs in adults. If treatment is not started on time, irreversible processes in the body, such as:

• blood poisoning;
• gangrene;
• anemia;
• infectious-toxic shock;
• psychosis (due to lack of oxygen in the body);
• pericarditis;
• endocarditis;
• acute pulmonary heart.

Such diseases are often incompatible with life: in most neglected cases, everything ends in a lethal outcome. Therefore, it is so important to consult a doctor in time and begin treatment.In 99% of cases, if all the instructions for treatment are followed, the patient fully recovered.

Two-sided inflammation is dangerous because with this diagnosis, the following complications can occur with pneumonia:

• asthma;
• violation of respiratory function (dyspnea);
• abscess of the lungs;
• pulmonary edema;
• pleurisy;
• pain in the chest.

The likely consequences of pneumonia are also influenced by the following factors:

• age of the patient;
• immunity;
• type of pathogen;
• Lifestyle;
• general health (hereditary and congenital factors).

In order that there was no protracted course of pneumonia, it is necessary to make additional diagnostics of the organism - identify the pathogen, undergo a bronchoscopic examination, get advice from a phthisiatrician. To search for a pathogen, a swab is usually given from the pharynx to an infectious agent, the sensitivity of the microbe to antibacterial agents, thus allowing you to select the right drug for treatment. After a complete diagnosis of lingering pneumonia, the necessary treatment is prescribed.

Types of complications of pneumonia

In modern medicine, there are two types of complications after illness:

• pulmonary complications;
• extrapulmonary complications.

To determine the exact diagnosis and form of the disease, X-rays are used in medicine. He shows with the highest accuracy the degree of the inflammatory process. This can be a partial or complete defeat.

Analysis of sputum and blood will determine the causative agent of the disease. The presence of a large number of white antibodies in the blood indicates bacterial pneumonia. Often, antibiotics are used to treat this form of the disease. Oxygen therapy is prescribed with difficulty breathing.

Pulmonary complications after pneumonia break the lung tissue, turning it into an airless dense tissue (forms a scar).

With a high activity of leukocytes in the blood there is a high probability of getting a lung abscess.

Extrapulmonary complications occur when exposed to infection. If the effect occurs through the lymphatic vessels, there may be inflammation of the abdominal cavity, purulent formations on the joints and brain.

Lethal outcome can occur with pneumonia from a violation of the function of breathing. Such a risk is faced by people with alcohol dependence, the elderly, suffering from neglected severe forms of the disease.

Chronic pneumonia

In chronic pneumonia, the lungs and bronchi are affected. There is direct damage to tissues in several areas of the lungs. The function of the heart and respiration is disturbed. Cough with phlegm, rales in the lungs are signs of chronic pneumonia. In sputum such patients most often contain a hemophilic rod, less often - pneumococci. Antibiotics are prescribed for treatment. During the recovery period, a general massage with a combination of respiratory gymnastics is recommended. In the case of fractional lesions of the lungs with persistent purulent bronchitis, surgical intervention is used.

Preventive maintenance of a pneumonia is a timely treatment of a usual cough, i.e. inflammation of the respiratory tract in the initial stage. Well in this case, help decoctions of raspberries, dog-rose, plantain, violets, thyme or any other expectorant.

If you follow a set of rules and prescriptions for treatment, the risk of complications after pneumonia is minimized.

Conclusion: you need to carefully monitor your health throughout your life, to protect yourself as much as possible from exposure to harmful factors, play sports or tempering.

Never close your eyes to the "bells" of the body, which in fact can signal a problem that is starting. People who lead a sedentary or recumbent lifestyle need regular respiratory gymnastics for prevention.

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Complications of pneumonia

Inflammation of the lungs or pneumonia is a disease that requires timely and high-quality treatment, because the destruction of lung tissue is a rather serious pathology. The most dangerous condition is when complications of pneumonia concern internal vital organs.

Why do complications occur with pneumonia?

A complication is the course of pneumonia, in which the reactive processes in the bronchopulmonary system are caused by the inflammatory process and the multiplication of microbes. Complications of croupous pneumonia are associated with the fact that in the most acute period a large area is affected. Then the vital organs of man are affected by microorganisms and toxins released during the decay of microbes. Insufficient drainage of focal pneumonia, too, can lead to complications, even despite adequate and timely therapy. No less important role in the occurrence of problems and complications is played by a decrease in immunity, when the body is not able to provide adequate resistance to the disease.

Types of complications after pneumonia

There are two types of development of complications of pneumonia:

• pulmonary;
• extrapulmonary.

The following complications can be classified as bronchopulmonary:

• empyema of the pleura;
• abscess or gangrene of the lung;
• pulmonary edema;
• reactive pleurisy;
• destruction of lung tissue;
• acute and chronic respiratory failure.

Complications after pneumonia can give complications to the heart in the form of:

• nonspecific endo-, peri- and myocardium;
• acute and chronic pulmonary heart.

Other extrapulmonary complications include:

• sepsis;
• meningitis and meningoencephalitis;
• hemolytic anemia;
• intoxication psychosis;
• impaired renal function;
• syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation.

It is the presence of various complications that can directly affect the development and course of the disease itself. In this case, the doctor should prescribe more active therapy.

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What are the consequences of pneumonia in adults?

Complications and other consequences of pneumonia in adults are not very common in our time, but this is not an excuse to treat the disease lightly. A similar problem is a phenomenon although it is quite rare, but so serious that it is precisely to realize the essential The danger of such a disease and strictly follow all the prescriptions of the doctor is a must. We need to ensure that getting rid of the disease is final, not to allow "untreated", as it can cause serious and dangerous consequences.

The very name "pneumonia" is the designation of a number of diseases accompanied by inflammatory processes in the lungs. That is, there are several different types of this disease, each of which characterizes its symptoms, features and development options. These problems cause the entry of pathogenic microbes into the human body. And there are a lot of such "enemies": pneumococci, staphylococci, streptococci, legionella, viruses. Most often, infection occurs by direct contact with the diseased (airborne infection pathway), But a well-developed protective system of the body of healthy people is able to cope with the infection. If a person falls ill, at the beginning of the process, not the lungs themselves are affected, but other parts of the respiratory system. It can develop bronchitis or bronchiolitis. If the disease does not stop at this stage, then the infection penetrates deeper, into the pulmonary tissue and causes the development of pneumonia.

Adults, physically active people with developed immunity to resist the disease is quite possible.But there are circumstances in which the body becomes much more vulnerable:

1. The organism undergoes general hypothermia.
2. A person suffers from chronic diseases.
3. The state of immunodeficiency.
4. Presence of heart failure, other cardiological problems.
5. Diseases of the endocrine system.
6. The state of the body after surgery.
7. Taking medications that have the property to suppress immunity.
8. Bad habits.

The risk of developing the disease in children and the elderly is increased.

Whether treatment will be successful, how quickly recovery will come - it depends on many factors. This is the age of the sick person, and how timely he turned to the doctor. Of course, an important circumstance is the general physical and even emotional state of the body, as well as the concomitant diseases at that time. I must say that in most cases, with qualitative and timely treatment, doctors predict a favorable development of the situation. However, one should pay attention to the importance of the concepts "qualitatively" and "on time". Most complications and other problematic effects of pneumonia are due precisely to the fact that the patient turns to a medical institution late, does not follow the doctor's prescriptions very carefully.

Causes of adverse effects of pneumonia

The possibility of developing unwanted problems even in children depends on a number of factors that can be divided into subjective and objective.

The most common causes of complications are:

1. Circumstances related to the infection that caused the disease.
2. Low quality of treatment prescribed by a doctor.
3. General condition of the organism of a sick person.

The type of microbes that infect the body often affects the accuracy of the diagnosis and the quality of further treatment. Bacterioscopy or a bacteriological method allows the doctor to determine what kind of pathogens will have to fight. If this is established accurately, then it becomes possible to designate appropriate medications. But if the causative agent of the disease is unknown or there are several, it is not easy to choose the means of influence.

Bacteria cause the disease to take a form that is difficult to tolerate by patients. Patient's state of health is very difficult. But it is this type of infection that is fairly easy to identify, which means that it is not difficult to choose the right treatment: it includes antibiotics in the first place.

Viruses or fungal microorganisms are diagnosed with a greater degree of complexity.

Symptoms of pneumonia are often vague, the clinical picture is blurred. And to treat the disease begin either incorrectly or rather late. Often such a course of the disease has a long and wavy character. And this does not make it clear: the patient is still unwell or is already recovering.

If the drugs are chosen incorrectly, the complications of the disease are more than possible. But problems sometimes arise in the case of properly conducted therapy. The reason for this may be the condition of the patient's body at the time of the onset of the disease, or the careless adherence to the recommendations of physicians.

Correct diagnosis

In order to prevent the emergence of undesirable conditions caused by complications of inflammatory processes in the pulmonary tissue, it is important to contact the hospital in a timely manner and even early on determine the disease.

Quite often, the doctor can determine the nature of the disease when listening with a phonendoscope: the peculiarities of breathing, the presence of characteristic "wheezing" give the possibility of preliminary diagnosis. If there are suspicions that the patient has contracted pneumonia, after the examination and anamnesis, which suggest the following: a general blood test, blood biochemistry, chest radiographs. Analyzes make it possible to assess the general state of a person, to confirm the development of an inflammatory process in the body. The spot, that is, the presence of darkness of the lung tissue, shown on the x-ray, is evidence of pathological processes, which confirms the conclusion of the doctor.

Various effects of pneumonia

Several types of severe or pathological conditions can be distinguished, which act as complications after pneumonia. All of them can be divided into two large groups:

1. Painful conditions developing in the bronchi and lungs.
2. Conditions not associated with diseases of the respiratory system.

In the first case, one can expect the development of chronic bronchitis, respiratory failure, fibrosis or abscess of the lungs, pulmonary edema.

Problems that are not related to the painful organs are: manifestation of general weakness, increased fatigue, frequent dizziness, it can also be found the development of anemia, endocarditis, meningitis, there is an infectious-toxic shock.

The possibilities of eliminating complications

In the case when, due to improperly performed treatment or a reduction in the body's resistance, the disease takes on a chronic form, abscess or other severe pulmonary pathologies, there is an urgent need for a thorough and comprehensive examination, as well as correction of treatment. Sometimes, surgery may be required to remove sclerotized tissue or pus.

If the penetration of infection into other systems of the body is determined, then in a hospital (an intensive care unit) the patient should be detoxified and antibacterial therapy.

Conditions associated with manifestations of fatigue, weakness, anemia, are removed by careful adherence to the prescribed the doctor of the regime, the right diet, corresponding to the patient's physical activity.

To prevent or minimize the consequences of the disease is possible only if one realizes that pneumonia is a disease, which requires timely detection and effective treatment strictly under the supervision of doctors. Otherwise, even an adult risks his health, and sometimes his life.

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Pneumonia after the flu: the causes and symptoms of complications

Pneumonia after the flu, the symptoms of which are clearly pronounced, is a frequent complication. Find out the disease is not difficult: the patient seems that he has already recovered from the flu, and suddenly the temperature rises body up to 39-40 ° C, there is a chill, pain in the chest, a strong cough (at first dry, and then with phlegm, sometimes with hemoptysis).

As soon as such symptoms are seen, call a doctor immediately! The success of treatment depends on its timeliness. Most often pneumonia is treated in a hospital.Do not engage in self-medication, as with all forms of acute pneumonia, you need to take antibiotics that are better administered by injection, and necessarily several times a day.In addition, expectorants, medications that dilate the bronchi are used, which facilitates the separation of sputum, as well as physiotherapy.

Inflammation of the lungs as a type of complication

The largest number of deaths from influenza is associated with complications after influenza infection. One of the most common complications is pneumonia. Pneumonia can be divided into two types.

Primary viral pneumonia is a severe organ damage, which provokes severe pneumonia. Suspicions begin when the inflammatory processes seem to be on the decline, and everything happens vice versa. This type of pneumonia is a rare complication, but it is characterized by a high mortality rate.

It occurs only when the influenza virus was provoked by a virus of high virulence. In this case, a fatal hemorrhagic pneumonia develops, lasting no more than 4 days.

The risk group includes people suffering from chronic heart and lung diseases, accompanied by stagnant phenomena in the latter.

Secondary bacterial pneumonia - this inflammation occurs most often with influenza, in which the mortality rate is approximately 25%. Influenza affects the ciliated epithelium. This leads to a reduction in cell size and loss of cilia.

Symptoms of pneumonia after the flu

Symptoms of pneumonia may be similar to those of a cold or flu. Depending on the etiology, pneumonia may have various symptoms:

1. Cough. At the outset, there is a dry cough that gradually develops into the wet, sometimes even possibly with expectoration of blood.
2. Constant sensation of weakness and chills.
3. Dyspnea.
4. Pain in the chest.
5. Too fast fatigue
6. Loss of appetite.
7. Increased heart rate.
8. Lips and nails can be slightly blue, this is due to the fact that the body receives insufficient oxygen.
9. Older patients may experience pain in the abdomen.
10. Sputum becomes greenish in color.
11. When pneumonia starts to rise very high body temperature, even sometimes higher than with bronchitis.

There is a certain group of people who are more likely to have complications:

• people over 50 years of age;
• people with HIV or AIDS;
• patients with congenital or acquired diseases of the heart or lungs;
• people whose immunity is weakened;
• women in position.

Pneumonia can progress because there is a direct entry of the influenza virus into the lungs or a bacterial infection begins to progress in the course of the flu. If the condition is very severe with viral or bacterial pneumonia, a person simply needs urgent hospitalization.

In case of complication of bacterial infection, inflammation of the lungs is superimposed on the flu, all symptoms only worsen, there is a strong fever, a cough. Inflammation of the lungs, as a rule, lasts about three weeks, and in patients of the age category over 50 years and those who have a weakened immune system, the children - much longer. Suffer from pneumonia and those who have previously been diagnosed with asthma, which has passed into a chronic form.

If there is a cough, fever, difficult breathing, you should immediately go to the doctors. Timely diagnosis, as well as chest X-ray, sputum analysis will help confirm the diagnosis.

Ways to reduce the incidence of complications

In order to minimize the possibility of influenza, it is necessary to make a special vaccination. Vaccination is quite safe and will not cause harm. It is recommended to do the vaccine:

• people whose age category exceeds 65 years, since immunological reactivity in this case is much higher;
• people aged between 19 and 64 who smoke and consume alcoholic beverages;
• children from 2 to 14 years;
• women in the situation.

Before vaccination, you must first agree with the doctor.

To minimize the possibility of complications, it is necessary to carry out preventive measures in a timely manner.

There are a large number of viruses that can be transmitted through direct contact. Microorganisms live on the surface of many objects for a couple of hours, sometimes even a week. Therefore, infection can happen quite easily - enough to just touch the objects. Hand washing can help reduce the infection rate.

Drink at least three liters of liquid a day.

If possible, you need to go to the sauna. Statistics are recorded: if a person visits the sauna at least 2 times a week, then it falls ill about two times less, since by inhalation of hot air (approximately 80 degrees) all viruses die.

It is necessary to walk more often in the fresh air. Regular airing of the room is very important, because with central heating, the mucous membranes become more dry, and as a result, the body is more vulnerable to cold and flu viruses. In cold weather, more people are in the room, which causes more circulating microbes.

Every day you need to exercise. As a rule, exercises contribute to accelerating the exchange of oxygen between the lungs and the circulatory system. Moreover, during exercises, the body derives toxic substances from the body.

You need to eat more fresh fruits and vegetables.

It is necessary to get rid of such harmful habits, like smoking or drinking alcohol. According to the research, people who smoke are much more likely to have flu or colds, and complications are much more likely. Harmful habits lead to the fact that there is a decrease in immunity. Tobacco contributes to the drying of the nasal sinuses and the paralyzing of the ciliated epithelium. Alcoholic products are able to suppress immunity.

As soon as a negative symptom is traced, you should immediately seek help from a qualified specialist. Categorically it is forbidden to engage in treatment independently, since this fact can lead to a number of unpleasant and irreversible consequences.

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