Infectious pneumonia

What is pneumonia?

Answers:

Anastasia Zamyatin

Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs. A group of diseases characterized by the defeat of the respiratory part of the lungs is divided into croupous (lobar) and focal. Pathogens - various microorganisms: pneumonia and streptococci, Klebsiella pneumonia, E. coli, etc. bacteria, rickettsia, viruses, mycoplasmas, fungi. Chemical and physical agents (effects on lungs of chemicals, thermal factors, radioactive radiation) are usually combined with infectious agents. Pneumonia can also be a consequence of allergic reactions in the lungs or manifestations of systemic diseases. Pathogens penetrate the lung tissue through the bronchi, through blood or lymph.
Symptoms and course
depend on the nature, nature and stage of the disease, the prevalence of the lesion and its complications (pulmonary suppuration, pleurisy, pneumothorax, acute vascular and heart failure).
Croupous pneumonia (lobar, pleuropneumonia) begins acutely, often after cooling: a person experiences a tremendous chill, the body temperature rises to 39-40C. Pain on breathing on the side of the affected lung increases with cough, initially dry, then with a "rusty" or purulent viscous sputum with blood veins. The patient's condition, as a rule, is severe. There is reddening of the face, cyanosis, often the appearance of "fever" - herpes simplex on the lips or wings of the nose. Breathing from the very beginning of the disease is rapid, superficial, with swelling of the wings of the nose. The affected side of the chest lags behind in the act of breathing from a healthy one. Depending on the stage of the illness, increased or weakened breathing, crepitation (the sound of decaying alveoli), and pleural friction noise are heard. The pulse is rapid, blood pressure is often reduced. In the blood there are significant changes: leukocytosis with a shift of the formula to the left, acceleration of the ESR. Radiographic examination shows a darkening of the whole affected part or part of it.

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Focal pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, occur as a complication of acute or chronic inflammation of the upper respiratory pathways and bronchi, in patients with congestive lungs, severe, debilitating diseases, in the postoperative period. Body temperature rises to 38-39C, rarely higher. Appears or intensifies a cough, dry or with mucopurulent sputum. Possible pain in the chest when coughing and inhaling. With discharge focal pneumonia, the condition of patients deteriorates sharply: pronounced dyspnea, cyanosis. Breathing can be strengthened vesicular with areas of bronchial, small and medium bubbling rales are heard.
Recognition is based on the clinical picture, X-ray examination data (inflammatory infiltration sites in the lung tissue, with drainage pneumonia - merging with each other). In the blood leukocytosis is detected, the acceleration of the ESR.
Treatment.
In mild cases, it can be done at home, but most patients need to be hospitalized. At the height of the disease, bed rest is needed, a sparing diet with enough vitamins A and C, plenty of drinking, therapy with antibiotics (taking into account the sensitivity of microflora), other antibacterial drugs. It may be necessary to introduce gammaglobulin, carrying out detoxification therapy. With the disappearance or significant decrease in the effects of intoxication, the regime is extended, physical therapy is prescribed, physiotherapy (inhalation, UHF, shortwave diathermy). If necessary, medical bronchoscopies can be performed.
Pneumonia is chronic.
Pneumonia is chronic. - It includes a relapsing inflammation of the lungs of the same localization with the defeat of all structural lung elements, complicated by the development of pnemosclerosis.
Symptoms and course.
They show a periodic rise in body temperature, usually to low-grade figures, an increase in long-term cough with the allocation of mucopurulent sputum, sweating, often dull pain in the chest on the side of the lesion. When listening, hard breathing is determined, wet

Irina Komarova

Deep recurrence of the lungs.

בעז קראָקאָדילאָוונאַ

Illness or Disease such. Called by microbes. She gets sick, but does not get infected.
Depending on the typical microbes, it is customary to single out: non-ocular, non-oc- co-ordinated organized collectives, nosocomial, resuscitation departments.
For each its own antibiotic of choice.
The first type causes one of 6 microbes - pneumococcus, a stick of influenza. .
The second type - Legionnaires (Legionnaires' disease)
Nosocomial all sorts of inactive hospital-based antibiotic resistant microbes
Resuscitative - all kinds of clostridi resistant to everything in the world
that is, knowing the origin of pneumonia, you can already choose an antibiotic - empirically (based on the experience of mankind)
but your friend is probably tuberculosis

Merry

it is an inflammation of the lungs. 2 years with this is tin. there is a colitis of antibiotics and you are cured, my brother was often sick

Phil

most likely this is not pneumonia

Alexander

Read, can that you will find.
http://www.narmed.ru/bolezni/pulmon/

Kati

he needs to go to a normal doctor and be fully examined.. if it really is pneumonia, it will not die, it just needs to be cured to the end. but maybe it's not pneumonia.

Natalie

Pneumonia is treated. And if he says that there is not much time left to live, so it can be tuberculosis. There is a closed form, but there is an open one (you can not kiss). Be careful.

Story-Trade

easy filling liquid !!

A supernova

No one will tell you exactly, until you undergo a serious examination and taking into account the analysis of not only the function of the lungs, but also other organs and systems of the body. You can consult here http://www.vvi-klinika.ru/ by ICQ 273877
Health to you

Alex Timonyan

I would first of all have thought about tuberculosis in general then ...

alina

Pneumonia. Symptoms of pneumonia. Treatment of pneumonia. At what age can it begin?
Mycoplasma pneumonias - Pneumonia.
Pneumonia.
Pneumonia - a frequent pathogen of respiratory infections from a clinical point of view is the most important representative of the Mycoplasma group. Pneumonia spreads when coughing with large drops of mucus. The incubation period is 2-3 weeks. Pneumonia often affects schoolchildren and young adults, but it is possible at any age.
Symptoms of pneumonia
Most often the disease proceeds as acute or subacute tracheobronchitis or as pneumonia.
Symptoms of pneumonia
Headache, weakness, hyperthermia, sore throat and dry, paroxysmal cough, which later becomes productive. As complications of pneumonia of concomitant diseases are noted: otitis media, bullous inflammation of the drum membranes, maculopapular rash on the skin, multiform erythema, sometimes Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Rare complications of pneumonia are meningoencephalitis, cerebellar ataxia, radicular syndrome, monoarthritis, myocarditis, coagulopathy, hemolytic anemia, pulmonary edema and hepatitis.
Pneumonia usually stops without treatment after 2-4 weeks, but adequate antibiotic therapy reduces its duration. Erythromycin 500 mg 4 times a day, tetracycline 250 mg 4 times a day, doxycycline 100 mg 2 times a day for 10-14 days - the recommended scheme for adults. In severe pneumonia, intravenous erythromycin 500 mg after 6 hours. Children younger than 8-10 years old - erythromycin 30-50 mg / kg per day inside for 2 weeks. New drugs from the group of macrolides are active against mycoplasma, but their superiority over erythromycin is not proven.

Tuberculosis, symptoms of tuberculosis, treatment of tuberculosis
The causative agent of the disease is mycobacterium tuberculosis, or Koch's wand. With the active form of tuberculosis, Koch's rod multiplies rapidly in the lungs of the patient and destroys the lungs, poisons the human body with the products of its vital activity, releasing into it toxins. There is a process of tuberculous intoxication, otherwise poisoning the human body. Treatment of tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has considerable resistance to various physical and chemical agents, cold, heat, moisture and light. In natural conditions, in the absence of sunlight, they can remain viable for several months. In the street dust, mycobacteria persist for 10 days. On the pages of books they can remain alive for three months. In water, mycobacteria persist for very long (within 150 days). Mycobacterium tuberculosis can withstand rotting processes and may persist for several months in buried corpses.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is transmitted, mainly by airborne droplets, getting into the respiratory organs from a sick person to a healthy one, causing pulmonary tuberculosis. In addition to the lungs, tuberculosis can affect various organs and tissues of a person: eyes, bones, skin, genitourinary system, intestines, etc.
In the absence of treatment, mortality from active tuberculosis reaches 50% within one to two years. In the remaining 50% of cases, untreated tuberculosis passes into a chronic form. A chronic patient can live for a while, continuing to secrete mycobacterium tuberculosis and infect others.
Symptoms of tuberculosis
When a Koch's rod enters the lungs (or another organ that first gets a tubercle bacillus) the primary focus of inflammation develops, which manifests itself in the appearance of symptoms of ordinary inflammation. But unlike banal infection, the inflammatory process with tuberculosis develops very slowly (this is a chronic infection that lasts for years) and is prone to necrosis of the primary inflammation focus. Complaints of patients are very diverse. Conditionally they can be divided into nonspecific: malaise, weakness, subfebrile temperature, poor appetite, weight loss, pale skin, etc. and specific (peculiar mainly to tuberculosis): sweating at night and in the morning (as a manifestation of intoxication)

jury coarse

Pneumonia (dr. -Greg. πνευμονία from πνεύμων), inflammation of the lungs - inflammation of the lung tissue, usually of an infectious origin with a predominant the defeat of the alveoli (the development of inflammatory exudation in them) and the interstitial tissue of the lung [1] [2].
The term "pneumonia" unites a large group of diseases, each of which has its own etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, X-ray signs, characteristic data of laboratory studies and features of therapy.
Noninfectious inflammatory processes in the pulmonary tissue are usually called pneumonitis or (in case of primary lesion of the respiratory parts of the lungs) by the alveolitis. Against a background of similar aseptic inflammatory processes, bacterial, viral-bacterial or fungal pneumonia often develops.
The main diagnostic methods are X-ray examination of the lungs and sputum examination, the main method of treatment is antibacterial therapy. Later diagnosis and delay with the onset of antibacterial therapy worsen the prognosis of the disease. In some cases, a lethal outcome is possible.
Throughout the world, pneumonia affects about 450 million people a year, about 7 million cases result in a fatal outcome [3].

Black Furies

Pneumonia... And it's kind of strong.. Maybe he has cancer already

Natalia Vladimirovna

this is a heavy recovery of the lungs. like this

Natalia Kim

Wikipedia

Catherine

Anton Kovtun

X. Is Clinton here?

Pneumonia is contagious or not?

Pneumonia is an acute infectious disease of the lungs, or simply inflammation of the lungs. The incidence of pneumonia among the world's population is astounding by their numbers, annually more than 2 million are registered in Russia alone. cases of development of this disease.

If we consider pneumonia as the cause of mortality, then it stands firmly in 4th place, after cancer, heart attack and stroke.

Children, weakened and elderly people are most often affected by pneumonia. The insidiousness of pneumonia lies in the fact that the causative agents of the disease can act and bacteria, and viruses, and fungi, and atypical pathogens:

Bacteria
Viruses
Anaerobic pathogens
Mycoplasma, chlamydia
Rickettsia - fever
Fungal etiology of pneumonia

Is pneumonia invasive or not? Even doctors do not give an unambiguous answer to this question. To understand this issue, you should consider what are the types of pneumonia:

Community-acquired pneumonia

If we consider inflammation of the lung from the point of view of the causative agent of the disease, then bacterial, ordinary pneumonia, medicine is recognized as not a contagious form of inflammation. In most cases, pneumonia is a complication of SARS, parainfluenza, influenza, rhinovirus, especially in children. If the virus caused an inflammatory process in the lower respiratory tract, then in the bronchi, the lungs accumulate mucus, pus. This complicates the ventilation of the lungs and leads to the accumulation of bacteria. And of course with a cough, sneeze, a loud conversation, the patient releases into the air the pathogen of pneumonia. If a person's pneumonia was triggered by a virus, then the contamination of others may be by airborne droplets, but only the primary cause of the disease, that is, acute respiratory viral infection or influenza. But whether the pneumonia develops for the infected, directly depends on the protective forces of the affected organism, on the timeliness and adequacy of the treatment of this virus.

Dangerous, infectious types of pneumonia

If the causative agent is tuberculosis (caseous pneumonia) or atypical representatives such as chlamydia, mycoplasmas, SARS (type of SARS, which is called a severe acute respiratory syndrome), then such forms of pneumonia are transmitted from person to person by airborne droplets. It is encouraging that these types of diseases rarely cause epidemics and occur in isolated cases. If a person who is in contact with such a patient has weakened immunity, then the probability of infection with such dangerous forms of pneumonia is very high. Pneumonia is contagious if its pathogens are: chlamydia, mycoplasma, klebsiella, legionella, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Chlamidiapsittaci, Coxiella burnetii.

Hospital pneumonia

Studies conducted in the United States, for the infection of health workers serving in pulmonology departments, found that employees of these departments suffer respiratory diseases more often than other citizens of the country. Namely, the incidence of pulmonary medical personnel was more than 35% per year. That is, the medical staff of these departments has a high risk of contracting hospital pneumonia, and many of the workers have suffered pneumonia even several times. The causative agents of hospital pneumonia are often gram-negative bacteria, anaerobes, chlamydia, staphylococcus, streptococcus. It is hospital pneumonia that causes the high mortality from this disease (almost 70%), as pathogens become resistant to many antibiotics, antimicrobial agents used to treat pneumonia.

For whom, in the first place, is the danger of pneumonia? Is it contagious or not for others?
The following categories of people are most vulnerable to infection:

Weakened people after operations
People with severe chronic diseases
People taking systemic hormonal drugs that depress immunity
Pregnant women and women after childbirth
People after SARS, flu, colds
People who are in deep depression or in chronic stress
Alcoholics, drug addicts

Is pneumonia still recoverable after recovery?

The disappearance of the symptoms of pneumonia and the normalization of X-ray results are not grounds for believing that there is no causative agent in the body. Medical institutions do not have any opportunities to determine this. Defending themselves against the effects of antibacterial drugs and immune defense of the body, bacteria are able to transfer to L-form and such encapsulation of microbes allows them to exist for a long time in an unfavorable environment.

Once provoking factors appear to reduce immunity in adults, they safely begin to multiply, causing a relapse. In children, chronic inflammation of the lungs is extremely rare due to active blood supply, which prevents the development of bacterial encapsulation. However, in the presence of constant contact with the patient, which secretes bacteria, the risk of transition to a chronic disease significantly increases in the child.

Conclusion: Answering the question, pneumonia is contagious or not, it can be stated with certainty, pneumonia is contagious! Since there are still contagious forms of this disease, which are dangerous for people with weak immune response. And for today not many of us can boast of strong health, excellent immunity, healthy spirit in a healthy body. If you are in contact with a sick pneumonia, just in case observe the elementary rules of protection and safety, then the probability of infection will be minimal.

zdravotvet.ru

The first signs of pneumonia in children and adults

Pneumonia is a disease that has an infectious origin and is characterized by inflammation of the lung tissue in the event of provoking physical or chemical factors such as:

Complications after viral diseases (influenza, ARVI), atypical bacteria (chlamydia, mycoplasma, legionella)
Effects on the respiratory system of various chemical agents - poisonous fumes and gases (see. chlorine in household chemicals is hazardous to health)
Radioactive radiation, to which infection is attached
Allergic processes in the lungs - allergic cough, COPD, bronchial asthma
Thermal factors - hypothermia or burns of the respiratory tract
Inhalation of liquids, food or foreign bodies can cause aspiration pneumonia.

The cause of the development of pneumonia is the emergence of favorable conditions for the multiplication of various pathogenic bacteria in the lower respiratory tract. The original causative agent of pneumonia is the aspergillus mushroom, which was the culprit of the sudden and mysterious deaths of researchers of the Egyptian pyramids. Owners of domestic birds or lovers of urban pigeons can get chlamydial pneumonia.

For today, all pneumonia is divided into:

out-of-hospital, arising under the influence of various infectious and non-infectious agents outside the walls of hospitals
hospital, which cause hospital-acquired microbes, often very resistant to traditional antibiotic treatment.

The frequency of detection of various infectious agents in community-acquired pneumonia is presented in the table.

Causative agent	Average% detection
Streptococcus is the most frequent pathogen. Pneumonia caused by this pathogen is the leader in the frequency of death from pneumonia.	3, %
Mycoplasma - affects most children, young people.	1, %
Chlamydia - chlamydial pneumonia is typical for people of young and middle age.	1, %
Legionella - a rare pathogen, affects weakened people and is the leader after streptococcus in frequency deaths (contamination in rooms with artificial ventilation - shopping centers, airports)	, %
Hemophilus rod - causes pneumonia in patients with chronic bronchial and lung diseases, as well as in smokers.	, %
Enterobacteria are rare pathogens, affecting mainly patients with renal / hepatic, cardiac insufficiency, diabetes mellitus.	, %
Staphylococcus is a frequent pathogen of pneumonia in the elderly population, and complications in patients after the flu.	, %
Other pathogens	, %
The causative agent is not installed	3, %

When confirming the diagnosis, depending on the type of pathogen, the age of the patient, the presence of concomitant diseases, appropriate therapy is conducted, in severe cases, treatment should be performed in a hospital setting, with mild forms of inflammation, hospitalization of the patient is not necessary.

Characteristic first signs of pneumonia, the vastness of the inflammatory process, acute development and the risk of serious complications when untimely treatment - are the main reasons for the urgent circulation of the population for medical care. Currently, a fairly high level of development of medicine, improved diagnostic methods, as well as a huge list antibacterial drugs of a wide spectrum of action have considerably lowered a death rate from an inflammation of lungs (see. antibiotics for bronchitis).

Typical first signs of pneumonia in adults

The main symptom of the development of pneumonia is a cough, usually it is first dry, obtrusive and persistent. protivokashlevye, expectorants with a dry cough), but in rare cases cough at the beginning of the disease can be rare and not strong. Then, as the inflammation develops, the cough becomes pneumatic with pneumonia, with a discharge of mucopurulent sputum (yellow-green color).

Any catarrhal virus disease should not last more than 7 days, and a sharp deterioration after 4-7 days after the onset of an acute respiratory viral infection or influenza indicates the onset of an inflammatory process in the lower respiratory tract.

Body temperature can be very high up to 39-40C, and may remain low-grade 37.1-37.5C (with atypical pneumonia). Therefore, even with a low body temperature, coughing, weakness and other signs of malaise, you should definitely consult a doctor. Caution should be a repeated temperature jump after a light gap during the course of a viral infection.

If the patient has a very high temperature, one of the signs of inflammation in the lungs is the inefficiency of antipyretic drugs.

Pain with deep breath and cough. The lung itself does not hurt, as it is devoid of pain receptors, but involvement in the pleura process gives a pronounced pain syndrome.

In addition to cold symptoms, the patient has dyspnea and pale skin.
General weakness, increased sweating, chills, decreased appetite are also characteristic for intoxication and the onset of the inflammatory process in the lungs.

If such symptoms appear either in the midst of a cold, or a few days after the improvement, these may be the first signs of pneumonia. The patient should immediately consult a doctor to undergo a complete examination:

To pass blood tests - general and biochemical
To make a roentgenography of a thorax, if necessary and a computer tomography
Sputum for culture and sensitivity of the pathogen to antibiotics
Sputum for culture and microscopic determination of mycobacterium tuberculosis

The main first signs of pneumonia in children

Symptoms of pneumonia in children have several characteristics. Attentive parents may suspect the development of pneumonia with the following discomforts in the child:

Temperature

Body temperature above 38C, lasting for more than three days, not knocked down by antipyretic agents, may also not be a high temperature up to 37.5, especially in young children. At the same time, all signs of intoxication are manifested - weakness, increased sweating, lack of appetite. Small children (as well as elderly people), can not give high temperature fluctuations with pneumonia. This is due to imperfect thermoregulation and immaturity of the immune system.

Breath

There is frequent shortness of breath: in children up to 2 months of age, 60 breaths per minute, up to 1 year, 50 breaths, after a year, 40 breaths per minute. Often the child spontaneously tries to lie down on one side. Parents can notice another sign of pneumonia in a child, if you undress a baby, then when you breathe from a sick lung you can notice the retraction of the skin in between the ribs and the lag in the process of breathing one side of the chest. There may be irregular breathing rhythm, with periodic stops of breathing, changes in the depth and frequency of breathing. In infants, shortness of breath is characterized by the fact that the child begins to nod his head in time with the breath, the baby can stretch his lips and inflate his cheeks, foamy discharge from the nose and mouth can appear.

Atypical pneumonia

Inflammation of the lungs caused by mycoplasma and chlamydia differ in that first the disease passes like a cold, a dry cough appears, a runny nose, a sore throat, but the presence of dyspnea and a stably high temperature should alert parents to the development of pneumonia.

Character of cough

Because of the perspiration in the throat, only coughing can appear first, then the cough becomes dry and painful, which is amplified by crying, feeding the baby. Later, the cough becomes wet.

Behavior of the child

Children with pneumonia become whimsical, whiny, sluggish, they are disturbed by sleep, sometimes they can completely refuse to eat, and also appear diarrhea and vomiting, in infants - regurgitation and rejection of the breast.

Blood test

In the general analysis of blood, changes are detected that indicate an acute inflammatory process - increased ESR, leukocytosis, neutrophilia. Shift of the leukoformula to the left with increasing stab and segmented leukocytes. In viral pneumonia, along with high ESR, there is an increase in leukocytes due to lymphocytes.

With timely access to a doctor, adequate therapy and proper care for a sick child or adult, pneumonia does not lead to serious complications. Therefore, at the slightest suspicion of pneumonia, the patient should be given medical care as soon as possible.