Amikacin solution for injections: instructions for use

Amikacin is a semisynthetic antimicrobial drug (antibiotic), which belongs to the pharmacological group of aminoglycosides.

It has a bacteriostatic and bactericidal action, that is, it can not only stop the synthesis of bacterial cells, but cause their death. This antibiotic has a wide spectrum of action. It is most active when exposed to a gram-negative microflora (representatives of the genus Enterobacteriaceae).

On this page you will find all information about Amicacin: the full instructions for use on this medication, average prices in pharmacies, complete and incomplete analogs of the drug, as well as reviews of people who have already used Amikacin in the form of injections. Want to leave your opinion? Please write in the comments.

Clinical and pharmacological group

Conditions of leave from pharmacies

It is released on prescription.

Price list

How much are the injections of Amikacin? The average price in pharmacies is at the level of40 rubles.

Form of issue and composition

Amikacin is produced as a clear solution in glass ampoules for intramuscular and intravenous injections.

Pharmacological effect

Amikacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and shows anti-tuberculosis and bactericidal activity. The action of the active substance is the penetration through the membrane into the cells of microorganisms, where it is irreversible binds to the 30S subunit of ribosomes, disrupting the formation of a complex of matrix and transport RNA. As a result, defective proteins are formed and the cytoplasmic membranes of the microbial cell are destroyed.

The drug has a high activity against most gram-negative and some gram-positive microorganisms. The instructions to Amikatsin indicate that non-spore-forming gram-negative anaerobes and protozoa are resistant to it. Resistance to the drug develops slowly, most bacteria retain sensitivity to it.

The active substance of the drug is almost not absorbed from the digestive tract, so intravenous or intramuscular injection is necessary. According to the instructions, Amikacin easily passes the histohematological barriers and penetrates into all tissues of the body, where it accumulates inside the cells. Its highest concentrations in organs with good blood circulation: lungs, liver, spleen, myocardium and, especially, the kidneys, where the drug accumulates in the cortex.

It is also well distributed in the intracellular fluid, including serum and lymph. Not exposed to metabolism. It is excreted from the body mostly unchanged by the kidneys, creating high concentrations in the urine.

Indications for use

According to the instructions, Amikacin is prescribed for the therapy of infectious and inflammatory diseases:

• Respiratory tract: abscess of the lungs, empyema of the pleura, pneumonia, bronchitis;
• Central nervous system, including meningitis;
• Genitourinary tract: urethritis, pyelonephritis, cystitis;
• Abdominal cavity, including peritonitis;
• Biliary tract;
• Skin and soft tissues, including bedsores, ulcers, burns;
• Bones and joints.

Effective use of Amicacin in sepsis, wound infections, septic endocarditis and postoperative infections.

Contraindications

Exceptions to treatment with "Amikacin" are:

Application in pregnancy and lactation

Instructions for use Amikacin

The instructions for use indicate that prior to the appointment of a patient to the drug, it is desirable to determine the sensitivity to it of the microflora that caused the disease in this patient. Doses are selected individually, taking into account the severity of the course and localization of the infection, the sensitivity of the pathogen. The drug is usually administered intramuscularly. Intravenous administration (jet for 2 min or drip) is also possible.

• For infections of moderate severity, the daily dose for adults and children is 5 mg / kg of body weight in 2-3 divided doses.
• Newborn and premature babies are prescribed in an initial dose of 10 mg / kg, then every 7.5 hours, 7.5 mg / kg is administered.
• In infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and life-threatening infections, amikacin is prescribed at a dose of 15 mg / kg per day in 3 divided doses.

The maximum dose for adults is 15 mg / kg / day, but not more than 1.5 g / day for 10 days. Duration of treatment with intravenous administration is 3-7 days, with intramuscular injection - 7-10 days. Patients with impaired renal excretory function require a correction of the dosing regimen depending on the value clearance of creatinine (the rate of purification of blood from the final product of nitrogen metabolism - creatinine).

Side effects

According to reviews of patients who have been treated with Amikacin, this drug may have side effects, such as:

• Hearing loss, irreversible deafness, labyrinthine and vestibular disorders;
• Oliguria, microhematuria, proteinuria;
• Vomiting, nausea, impaired liver function;
• Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, granulocytopenia;
• Drowsiness, headache, violation of neuromuscular transmission (up to stopping breathing), development of neurotoxic actions (tingling, numbness, muscle twitching, epileptic seizures);
• Allergic reactions: skin hyperemia, rash, fever, itching, Quincke's edema.

In addition, with intravenous administration of Amikacin, according to reviews, it is possible to develop phlebitis, dermatitis and periphlebitis, as well as a feeling of soreness at the injection site.

Overdose

Exceeding the permissible dose with Amikacin can lead to the development of such pathological reactions of the body:

• Ataxia - a violation of coordination, manifested in a change in gait (staggering gait).
• Ringing in the ears, sharp reduction of acuity of hearing up to its complete loss.
• Severe dizziness.
• Upset bladder.
• Thirst, nausea and vomiting.
• Impaired breathing, shortness of breath.

Treatment of overdose is carried out in the intensive care unit. For the early removal of Amikatsina from the body, hemodialysis (hardware blood purification) and symptomatic therapy are performed.

special instructions

Before applying the drug, it is necessary to determine the sensitivity to it of isolated pathogens.

1. During the treatment with Amikacin at least once a week, it is necessary to check the functions of the kidneys, vestibular apparatus and auditory nerve.
2. Patients undergoing treatment for infectious and inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract need to drink plenty of fluids (provided adequate diuresis).
3. Amikacin is pharmaceutically incompatible with Group B and C vitamins, cephalosporins, penicillins, nitrofurantoin, potassium chloride, erythromycin, hydrochlorothiazide, capreomycin, heparin, amphotericin B.

It should be borne in mind that with the long-term use of Amikacin, the development of resistant microorganisms is possible. Therefore, in the absence of positive clinical dynamics, it is necessary to cancel this drug and conduct appropriate therapy.

The ability to block the elimination of aminoglycosides has cephalosporins, diuretics, sulfonamides and penicillin preparations. Combination of drugs from these groups and amikacin sulfate promotes the enhancement of neuro- and nephrotoxicity, and increases their concentration in the blood.

The interaction of "Amicacin" and anti-asthma medications helps to reduce the effect of the latter.

Reviews

Most patients respond positively to the high therapeutic efficacy of Amicacin, describing the rapid improvement in health status in the first days of taking the drug. Parents of children noted the high activity of this antibiotic in the treatment of many infectious diseases of the respiratory, digestive and urinary systems. Many of them notice a positive result even after the first injection of the drug.

There are few reviews of the side effects of this antibiotic. Most often, patients notice nausea, dyspepsia and a feeling of weakness during the administration of Amicacin. There are individual reviews of allergic reactions to this drug, which manifested itself in the form of rashes, reddening of the skin and edema of Quincke. Very rarely there are references to ototoksicnosti Amikatsina, which manifested a decrease in severity of hearing. There are no reviews of nephrotoxicity of the drug.

Some of the patients note the painfulness of Amicacin injections. In some cases, to reduce it with intramuscular injection, doctors recommended using for dilution of Amikacin powder not water for injection, and 1% solution of Novocain.

About the price of Amicacin, most patients responded as "acceptable" or "affordable".

Analogues

• Analogues of Amikacin in the form of a powder are drugs: Amikacin-Vial, Amikacin-Ferein and Amikabol.
• Analogues of the agent in the form of a solution are: Selemycin and Hemacin.

Before using analogues, consult your doctor.

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