Bronchial asthma - inflammation of the respiratory tract is non-infectious, the disease is chronic. What factors provoke the development of bronchial asthma, the main symptoms and treatment in adults?
- Causes of the disease
- Symptoms of the disease
- Diagnostics
- How to treat asthma
- Urgent care
- Treatment with folk remedies
- Respiratory gymnastics with bronchial asthma
Asthma in the adult - signs of disease How to treat bronchial asthma in children - symptoms of the disease Atopic bronchial asthma - symptoms and treatment How Asthma Starts in Adults Symptoms and Treatment of Aspirin Asthma
Causes of the disease
Bronchial asthma is an inflammatory process in the bronchial tree, which is immune-allergic in nature. It is characterized by attacks of suffocation, it is completely difficult to cure it.
The development of asthma is affected by various factors. The main external stimuli are weather factors, allergies to chemicals, dust, animal hair, pollen. To provoke the disease can frequent stresses, physical overwork, disruptions in the work of the endocrine and immune system.
The main causes of asthma:
- harmful production conditions - working with chemical vapors and compounds, heavily soiled, cold or hot air;
- chronic bronchitis - viruses and bacteria can cause increased reactivity of smooth muscle components;
- environmental factors - residents of industrial regions and countries with humid climates suffer from asthma more often;
- smoking;
- allergy to dust;
- pharmacological drugs - to trigger the development of asthma may Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Important!Bronchial asthma often has a hereditary character - the disease is diagnosed in 30% of children whose parents have a history of this disease.
Bronchial asthma code according to the ICD 10 - J45. Acute severe asthma - J46, chronic obstructive asthma - J44.
Symptoms of the disease
Timely diagnosis significantly facilitates the course of the disease, helps prevent the development of severe complications. Therefore, it is necessary to know how the first signs of the disease manifest themselves.
Symptoms at the initial stage:
- shortness of breath, choking - can occur on the background of increased physical activity, during night rest, by inhalation of dusty, dirty air;
- cough - dry, nasal, occurs on the background of dyspnea;
- change in the frequency of breathing - the exhalation becomes more prolonged, breathing becomes frequent and superficial, it is impossible to completely exhale during an attack;
- wheezy - dry, wheezing;
- special position of the body during an attack - the patient sits, holds firmly to the bed, this position helps to make a more complete exhalation.
Important!Asthma is always accompanied by shortness of breath, cough dry, without phlegm - these are the main parameters that distinguish it from bronchitis.
As the disease develops, the person develops an increased fatigue, weakness, skin becomes a bluish tint, nails become convex, similar to watch glass. During an attack, tachycardia manifests with an increase in heart rate to 130 beats / min. Against the background of constant respiratory insufficiency, the head is often dizzy and dizzy.
In severe and chronic forms of asthma, there are signs of emphysema - the chest expands, the supraclavicular areas bulge, the pulmonary borders widen, the breathing becomes weak.
Pulmonary heart is one of the most dangerous complications of bronchial asthma. The right chambers of the heart are enlarged, pulmonary hypertension develops.
Diagnostics
When there are signs of bronchial asthma, it is necessary to undergo a comprehensive examination. At the initial stage of the diagnosis, the doctor analyzes the patient's complaints, reveals the presence of predisposing factors.
Basic diagnostic methods:
- the presence of wheezing of breathing by listening;
- clinical blood test - increased concentration of eosinophils allows to detect signs of reaction to allergens;
- analysis of the gas stream of blood - with asthma, the oxygen content of the blood decreases, the content of carbon dioxide increases;
- allergic tests;
- when suspected of allergic asthma, an analysis is performed to detect antibodies in the blood;
- sputum examination;
- spirometry - measurement of lung volume, expiratory flow rate;
- bodipletizmografiya - determines the functions of external respiration.
Comprehensive diagnostics allows to reveal the degree of bronchial asthma, the rate of progression, the form and cause of the disease.
To what doctor to address? Depending on the cause of the disease, an allergist, cardiologist, pulmonologist, gastroenterologist can be engaged in treatment.
How to treat asthma
The treatment of asthma is a complex, step-by-step process, at each stage the doctor adjusts the plan of treatment activities.
Important!The main drugs for the treatment of asthma cause severe various side reactions, only with the right combination of drugs can negative manifestations to a minimum.
Injection and tablets for the treatment of asthma:
- glucocorticosteroids - Prednisolone, Dexamethasone, is used to relieve asthma symptoms of mild and moderate form;
- antagonists of leukotriene receptors - Singular, Acolat, have anti-inflammatory effect, are effective, but are expensive;
- Xolar - used in the form of injections for allergic bronchial asthma;
- xanthines - Teofelin, Teopek, contribute to relaxation of smooth muscles.
Pocket inhalers and nebulizers are the most effective form of medicines for the treatment of asthma. Assign them depending on the form and extent of the disease. Intal, Tileed help only at the initial stage of the disease. Atrovent and Spiriva help to quickly stop the symptoms of the disease.
In modern medicine, often use a combination of drugs that help quickly stop the main manifestations of asthma - Berodual, Seretid, Symbicort.
Important!Coffee improves the functioning of the respiratory system, expands the bronchi. The therapeutic effect lasts 3-4 hours. But you can not abuse a strong drink - you can drink no more than 2 cups per day.
Urgent care
At an attack of a bronchial asthma to the person it is necessary to render urgently the first help, especially if he has happened at the child. Against the backdrop of lack of air, people panic, which further exacerbates a person's grave condition.
The primary means for first aid are inhalers, which contain beta-antagonists. The drug promotes rapid expansion of the bronchi, increases the airway capacity - breathing normalizes. The most effective quick-acting drugs are Salbutamol, Fenoterol - but the effect of the application lasts no more than 6 hours. Salmeterol acts more slowly, but its effect lasts about 12 hours.
If beta-antagonists are contraindicated, cholinolytics - Atrovent can be used, they act slowly, the effect comes in about 45 minutes.
Important!All fast-acting drugs do not treat asthma, but only help to restore the normal breathing process.
Treatment with folk remedies
Many doctors recommend supplementing drug therapy in the treatment of asthma with folk remedies. Preparations based on natural ingredients help to strengthen the protective functions of the body, normalize the work of the respiratory system, prevent the occurrence of seizures.
Aloe
The aloe-based remedy is one of the most effective folk remedies for the treatment of asthma.
How to cook:
- Cut the leaves of the plant into a dark room for 14 days.
- Grind 100 g of leaves, pour 300 ml of warm water, squeeze juice after 2 hours.
- Mix 100 ml of juice with 300 ml of liquid honey and 500 g of chopped walnuts.
Take the medicine for 15 g for half an hour before each meal.
Ginger
Ginger expands blood vessels, facilitates breathing. Grate 400 g of peeled root, add in a glass container, pour an equal amount of vodka. Put the mixture in a warm or sunny place for 2 weeks - it should turn yellow. Take in a strained form of 5 ml after eating, drink plenty of warm water.
Respiratory gymnastics with bronchial asthma
Breathing exercises help reduce the number of asthma attacks, ease the course of the disease. Buteyko's method allows to significantly improve the patient's condition after 1-2 months of regular training. The main task of the method is to reduce the depth of inspiration, to increase the pause after inspiration.
Preparatory stage:
- Sit, straighten your back, put your hands on your knees.
- Relax, do 10-15 shallow shallow breaths.
- Make weak, unobtrusive breaths for 10 minutes.
Breathiness on Buteyko - a breath 2-3 sec, exhale 3-4 sec, a pause 3-4 sec. At the initial stage there is often a feeling of lack of air, shortness of breath. But you can not interrupt your studies - it can cause an exacerbation of the disease.
Every morning should make a control breath delay, try to bring it to 90 seconds, the results recorded in the diary.
Breathing exercises consist of full and limited breathing, you can perform it at rest, or while walking, running, squats.
A full breath - to start inhaling from the diaphragm, gradually pushing the air into the chest, exhalation is performed in the opposite direction. The duration of inspiration and exhalation is 7, 5 seconds, the pause is 5 seconds. Make 10 repetitions.
Limited breathing - to make 4 breaths and exhalations, duration of 5 seconds, pause - 5 seconds. Then, supplement the exercise with a breath delay for 5 seconds, repeat 6 times. Increase the duration of inspiration. Exhale, pause and hold breath until 7, 5 seconds, repeat 6 times.
Gradually, you should increase the duration of all stages. Gymnastics is suitable for people of all ages, can be used in the treatment of children older than 4 years.
Clear prevention for bronchial asthma does not exist. Reduce the risk of the disease can be through careful monitoring of allergic manifestations, timely treatment of diseases of the respiratory system. A healthy lifestyle, lack of excess weight, avoidance of physical and emotional overstrain will help to avoid the development of severe pathologies of the respiratory system.
