Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease of an endocrine nature, widely spread in recent times. In the development of the disease in men, both the hereditary factor and negligent attitude to one's own health play a role. What are the main signs of diabetes in men, how to recognize the pathology at an early stage?
- The first signs of diabetes mellitus
- Symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes
- Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes
- Effects
- Diagnosis and treatment
- Methods of prevention
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The first signs of diabetes mellitus
Physicians often call diabetes mellitus a "silent killer" - the disease can last for a long time without special signs or mask for other diseases. The main cause of type 1 disease is a decrease in the synthesis of the hormone insulin, which produces the pancreas. This body sensitively reacts to stressful situations, nervous shocks, excess weight.
How to recognize the disease at an early stage:
- a sharp change in weight to a greater or lesser extent - carbohydrates cease to participate in the processes of metabolism, the burning of fats and proteins is accelerated;
- a constant feeling of hunger that does not disappear even after a meal - cells can not absorb glucose from the blood in the absence of insulin, which leads to an increase in appetite;
- thirst, frequent urination at night - the body tries to remove excess sugar with urine;
- fatigue, drowsiness - tissues suffer from energy deficiency.
Diabetics suffer from excessive sweating any time of the year. With a high sugar content, vision often suffers - it starts to double in the eyes, the image becomes cloudy. In men, diabetes sometimes causes infertility and impotence, problems can begin early, up to 30 years.
Important! External signs of diabetes mellitus in men at the initial stage are rare - the disease begins to destroy internal organs.
Symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes
In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas stops synthesizing insulin, so a person needs to inject the hormone several times a day before each meal. Otherwise, there may be a hyperglycemic coma and a lethal outcome.
The disease has a hereditary factor, the presence in the genus of diabetics increases the likelihood of the disease. Other causes of the disease are constant emotional overloads, pathologies of a viral nature, craniocerebral trauma, excessive infatuation with sweet food.
Symptoms of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in men:
- constant and strong thirst - a person drinks a day more than 5 liters of water;
- itching;
- frequent urination, especially during night rest;
- chronic fatigue;
- weight loss on the background of increased appetite.
As the disease develops, the appetite disappears, a specific odor from the mouth appears, and problems with potency begin. Often the disease is accompanied by nausea, vomiting, unpleasant sensations in the intestine.
Important! The insulin-dependent form of diabetes is more often diagnosed in young men. The first symptoms may appear in 35 years, and after 40 years a person can no longer do without insulin injections.
Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes
In type 2 diabetes, insulin is produced in the body, but its interaction with cells is disturbed, as a result of which the glucose contained in the blood is not absorbed by the cells. It is necessary to revise the diet, abandon bad habits, take drugs that reduce sugar. The main causes of the disease - a hereditary factor, obesity, bad habits.
Symptoms of type 2 diabetes:
- wounds and scratches for a long time heal, often begin to fester;
- there are problems with vision, after 60 years, diabetics almost always diagnose cataracts;
- weakness, drowsiness;
- memory impairment;
- hair loss;
- increased sweating.
With diabetes, pathological processes occur in the small joints - this affects the flexibility of the fingers and toes. Diabetics find it difficult to lift the thumb on the foot at an angle of 45 degrees to the surface. The fingers on the hands do not unbend fully, so when the palms are held, cracks remain.
Important! Diabetes type 2 is more often diagnosed in men after 50 years, it develops significantly slower than the insulin-dependent form.
Effects
Diabetes mellitus is a dangerous pathology, ignoring anxious symptoms can lead to complete kidney dysfunction, a heart attack, loss of vision, and death.
Than the disease is dangerous:
- Deterioration of vision. Against the background of a high level of sugar, pathological changes occur in the small vessels of the fundus and retina, blood supply of tissues worsens. The consequences are a clouding of the lens (cataract), detachment of the retina.
- Pathological changes in the kidneys. With diabetes, kidney glomeruli and tubules are affected - diabetic nephropathy develops, kidney failure.
- Encephalopathy - due to a violation of the blood supply, nerve cells die. The disease manifests itself in the form of frequent attacks of headache, impaired vision, loss of attention, deterioration in the quality of sleep. As the disease develops, the person often becomes dizzy, coordination is disturbed.
- Diabetic foot. Due to the defeat of the peripheral vessels and nerves, the blood supply and innervation of the lower extremities is impaired. The foot gradually loses sensitivity, there are paresthesia (a sense of running "goosebumps"), frequent convulsions. When the form is started, non-healing ulcers develop, gangrene may develop, and the leg will have to be amputated.
- Cardiovascular pathology. Diabetes and heart and vascular disease are closely interrelated. Diabetics develop atherosclerosis, angina pectoris, infarct, pressure increases, pathologies often arise that require surgical intervention.
In men with diabetes, the synthesis of testosterone decreases - the sexual desire disappears, there are problems with potency. As the disease progresses, the quantity and quality of sperm decreases, infertility develops.
Important! With timely diagnosis, proper treatment and diet, you can achieve a relatively high quality of life and a sufficient life expectancy.
Diagnosis and treatment
When there are signs of diabetes, you need to undergo a medical examination. Methods of diagnosis - blood and urine tests for glucose testing, determination of the amount of glycosylated hemoglobin, a test for glucose tolerance, the detection of specific peptides and insulin in the plasma.
The norm of fasting blood sugar is 3.3-3.5 mmol / l; after 2 hours after eating, the sugar level can increase to 6, 2 units. The possible development of diabetes is indicated by the values of 6.9-7.7 mmol / l. Diagnosis of diabetes is made when the values exceed more than 7.7 units.
In men of advanced age, the sugar values are slightly higher - the upper norm is the indices of 5.5-6 mmol / l if the blood is given on an empty stomach. The home blood glucose meter shows a slightly underestimated blood sugar level, the discrepancy with laboratory results is about 12%.
To treat type 1 diabetes, only insulin injections are used. Tablets and other methods of therapy will not help with this form of the disease. Diabetics need to follow a diet, regularly perform individual physical activities.
The basis of treatment of type 2 disease is proper nutrition, which helps maintain the sugar level in the norm. In addition, the doctor prescribes tablets that lower blood sugar levels - Siofor, Glucophage, Maninil. Used in therapy and drugs agonists receptors GPP-1 - Victoria, Baeta. Drugs are released as a syringe-pen, injections must be done before each meal or once a day, all the rules of reception are indicated in the instructions.
Methods of prevention
To prevent the development of diabetes is not difficult - you should start with a change in lifestyle and nutrition. It is necessary to abandon bad habits, reduce consumption of tea, coffee, carbonated drinks, freshly squeezed juices.
- In the diet should be more natural foods rich in fiber. Consumption of food that contains many light carbohydrates should be minimized.
- Compliance with water balance is one of the main preventive measures of diabetes mellitus. With insufficient amount of fluid, insulin synthesis is broken, dehydration starts, organs can not neutralize all natural acids.
- Regular physical activity - doctors call this preventive measure the most effective means of preventing the onset of diabetes. During exercise, all metabolic processes in the body are activated.
Diabetes is a chronic disease in which various accompanying pathologies develop. The best prevention - timely diagnosis, men after 40 years need to check blood sugar once every 6 months. With genetic predisposition to diabetes, it is necessary to reduce the consumption of foods high in carbohydrates - they heavily load the pancreas.
