The stages of the common cold in children

Stages of development of the common cold in children and adults

Like any disease, rhinitis has its own stages of leakage, for each of which certain symptoms are characteristic. Stepwise develops acute rhinitis, the chronic form of the disease is not distinguished by stages.

Traditionally, in otolaryngology, three stages of the common cold are distinguished, which the specialist can easily recognize. It is due to a number of signs that the otolaryngologist can find out at which stage the development of the inflammatory process occurring in the nasopharynx of the patient is.

The initial stage of a runny nose in a child and an adult

The beginning of the development of the inflammatory process in the nasopharynx is usually referred to as the reflex stage. This is the first stage that the patient undergoes during the development of rhinitis. The initial stage of the runny nose is characterized by what appears as a reaction to the action of external adverse factors. Especially intensively, it manifests itself, if a person passes from the cold to heat. Sharp smells also cause the onset of a cold.

During this period usually there are such unpleasant symptoms as:

• dryness of the nasal mucosa;
• burning and itching in the nose;
• the onset of a headache;
• obstruction of nasal breathing;
• sneezing.

The initial stage of the common cold in the child can not be recognized, not always, because young children can not say about the appearance of unpleasant symptoms. Parents learn about the development of the inflammatory process, when the disease becomes more pronounced. Only occasionally, when the temperature of the child's body rises to 37-37, 5 degrees, the parents turn to the pediatrician for help. In this case, the high probability that the rhinitis will be cured at an early stage of its development.

Coryza at an early stage in each person lasts differently: some have several hours, others have a couple of days. After this rhinitis passes to the next stage of development, which is characterized by completely different symptoms.

The second stage of the common cold

The reflex stage of rhinitis is replaced by catarrhal, which lasts for several days. At this stage of the inflammatory process in the nasopharynx the symptoms increase. For the catarrhal stage of the common cold in children and adults, the swelling of the nasal mucosa and nasal concha is characteristic. Experts say the following symptoms of rhinitis during this period of its development:

• a small amount of clear liquid mucus begins to form from the nose;
• the nose is so embedded that the nasal breathing becomes practically impossible;
• there is a loss of smell.

Another common sign of the disease, which has become more protracted, is abundant lacrimation. It occurs as a result of inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eyes. The inflammatory process, which takes place in the nasopharynx, quickly spreads to the mucous membrane of the eyes, because these organs are closely related. In most cases, the sick person also changes the tone of the voice, since the inflammatory process often affects the vocal cords.

The third stage of development of the common cold

At this stage of development of rhinitis, which usually begins on day 5, a bacterial infection joins the inflammatory process. Recognize it is very easy: the contents of the nasal sinuses become viscous and acquire a yellowish, yellow-brown or green color with an unpleasant odor. Often parents discover illness in their children during this period, when the symptoms are already becoming pronounced.

This color, unusual for the discharge from the nose at earlier stages of the disease, is caused by dead bacteria that penetrated the nasal cavity of the sick person. Fetid smell is also caused by dead bacteria and leukocytes that go out. After the appearance of this sign, the disease does not last long, a person soon begins to recover. By the end of the course of the third stage, the common cold in adults shows improvement in overall health and normalization of nasal breathing.

The duration of the inflammatory process in children and adults depends on the state of the immune system and its resistance to infection. If the human body is well seasoned, the rhinitis can pass for 3 days, then it ends in 1 or 2 stages of its development. With weakened immunity, when the body does not resist unfavorable factors, the illness is delayed for 4 weeks. The inflammatory process can cause an increase in body temperature to 39 degrees. Incorrect treatment or lack of it can lead to the transition of the disease to a chronic stage.

How to prevent a runny nose at an early stage of development

The methods of therapy for rhinitis depend on the stage of its course and the symptoms. How to prevent a runny nose at an early stage so that it does not cause the joining of new symptoms? Cure rhinitis immediately after its occurrence is possible mainly in adults, because children are not always able to tell their parents about their condition. Get rid of rhinitis immediately after finding the first symptoms can be by washing the nasopharynx with saline. Such actions will clear the nasal cavity of microorganisms that cause inflammation.

Only an otolaryngologist should prescribe effective therapy. From the independent treatment of rhinitis, regardless of its stage and age, the patient should be discarded.

NasmorkuNet.ru

We treat a runny nose in a child up to one year: the most effective means

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa, accompanied by stuffiness, shortness of breath, sneezing, is called a runny nose. This simple and safe (erroneous opinion of many) disease can be isolated, and can accompany other pathologies. Treatment of the common cold should be done correctly, especially in infants, because there is a risk of serious complications.

What childrens drops from the cold are the most effective, you can learn from this article.

Types of colds

Runny nose is a commonly diagnosed inflammation of the nasal mucosa in children. They are sick and teenagers, and children of school age, and newborns / babies. In medicine, it is common to distinguish the following types of common cold:

1. Infectious. It occurs against the background of influenza, measles, acute respiratory-viral infection.
2. Catarrhal (chronic). It lasts a long time, is characterized by stuffy nose, which worries children day and night.
3. Allergic. All the signs of the common cold appear periodically and are related, most often, to the seasons of the year - for example, spring blooms in the spring, poplar fluff flies in the summer, and ambrosia blooms in the autumn.
4. Vasomotor. It is diagnosed in children with weakened immunity, for which even a small draft, provided that warm clothing is available, can grow into a runny nose.

How to properly use aloe juice from the common cold to children under one year, you can learn from the contents of this article.

In the case of acute rhinitis (rhinitis), three stages of rhinitis can be diagnosed:

• dry;
• moist;
• purulent.

Rhinitis in babies - features of the flow

If the runny nose lasts more than 2 weeks, it is necessary to seek advice from a pediatrician - perhaps a physiological runny nose has developed into an infectious cold.

Newborns are characterized by the development of a physiological rhinitis - a condition that is associated with the adaptation of the nasal mucosa to the surrounding world and independent breathing. In the womb of the mother, breathing through the mouth and nose was not carried out by the child - oxygen came through the blood through the umbilical cord. After birth, the body must get used to (adapt) to the new conditions life and the mucous membrane of the nose simply "calculates" the right amount of mucus that should produced. It is during this period that the baby can have nasal congestion, the presence of mucus.

What drops from the cold and nasal congestion are best, you can learn from the article.

With a physiological cold, the child does not experience discomfort and behaves absolutely calmly, therefore, fever, whims and sleep disturbance can not be associated with this condition.

Symptoms of a cold

For each stage of acute rhinitis (cold) there are symptoms:

• at the onset of the disease (dry stage)- dryness in the nasal passages, the patient experiences unpleasant sensations ("scores"), there is frequent sneezing, a headache of a non-intensive nature develops;
• wet stage- in the nasal passages mucus of light color begins to accumulate, the mucous membrane considerably swells and there is complete nasal congestion;
• purulent- the discharge from the nose acquires a yellow-green tint, a stretchy and viscous structure.

At any stage of acute rhinitis, the above symptoms are accompanied by headache, general weakness, children are capricious and require increased attention from adults.

Acute rhinitis is highly treatable, and in some cases even completely without the intervention of doctors and the use of medications. If the runny nose lasts more than 3 weeks, then the risk of the disease transition to the chronic stage rises many times.

What to do when the nose swells without a cold and how to deal with this problem, what medicines and methods are indicated in the article.

Diagnostic measures

Runny nose in children before the year is diagnosed by a pediatrician already when examining the nasal passages - there is hyperemia (redness) of the mucosa, its swelling and the presence of mucus. In some cases, instrumental methods of examining a child can be used, and for consultation, more narrow specialists are invited-for example, an allergist, an infectious disease specialist.

The physician should differentiate the common runny nose from infectious diseases, in which the symptoms may be similar - for example, diphtheria, measles.

The child has a runny nose and sneezing, but there is no temperature, what to do about it and how to help the child help to understand the article.

Treatment of a cold in children under one year of age

The peculiarity of the common cold in children up to a year is a problem in its treatment. The fact is that the baby is unable to blow his nose and the mucus is difficult to exit - it accumulates in the nasal passages, which can lead to a rapid development of the chronic form of rhinitis. Parents can help the child with the following procedures:

• provide the child's room with the right humidity- You can use special humidifiers or place containers with water, hang a wet rag over batteries;
• regularly cleanse the nose of mucuswith the help of cotton flagella at the age of up to 9 months or an aspirator for older children.

Many parents instill mother's breast milk into the nasal passages, because it is believed that it has antibacterial properties - it's a mistake! It is much more effective to apply for instillation a weak saline solution (5 g of salt per half a cup of water).

What inexpensive remedy for the common cold for children are used most often, you can learn from the article.

Treatment of a common cold in children aged 1-12 months can last 3 and 4 days, but most often the parents celebrate their final recovery one week after the start of the procedure.

Medication

If there is a runny nose in an infant, treatment should be exceptionally safe - by no means Do not use to remove symptoms of drops and aerosols / sprays that are recommended for older children age!

For babies from the age of 3 months, you can use Nazivin drops - they have a vasoconstrictive effect. If the baby is already 5 months old, it is possible to dilute the accumulated mucus in the nasal passages with a physiological sodium chloride solution and then perform a liquid aspiration procedure (aspiration). To the best tools for treatment at the age of 5-6 months can be referred to Otrivin, Xylen and Vibrocil.In the period from 7 months and older, you can safely drip Interferon - it has not only therapeutic, but also preventive action.It is also possible to take homeopathic remedies agreed with the doctor.

What to do, when after the cold the sense of smell is gone, the information from the article will help to understand.

What remedy for a cold is better for a child - the doctor decides!

Folk methods

Official medicine fully approves the use of folk methods in the treatment of the common cold in children up to a year. The most effective tools include:

• washing of the nasal passages with saline solution;
• instill 1 drop a few times a day of aloe / calanchoe juice;
• inhalation with broths of herbs (sage, chamomile, thyme).

Folk methods can be used to treat the common cold in children from 8 months of age and not earlier! A inhalation - with a 10-month.

What to do when the throat pain when swallowing, but there is no temperature, you can find out by reading the article.

What is a common cold in children under one year old?

Many parents mistakenly believe that a rhinitis (rhinitis) does not pose a danger to the child and generally passes "by itself". But the statistics claim the opposite:

• untreated acute rhinitis quickly passes into a chronic stage, which is hard to treat and constantly recurs;
• at 7 months of age, the runny nose can develop into a purulent sinusitis;
• at 9-12 months of age the risk of sinusitis develops.

How to cure a runny nose when breastfeeding with mom, will help to know the content of the article.

In addition, a prolonged runny nose leads to a violation of sleep in the child, his whims and irritability.Due to the fact that the baby can not fully breathe through the nose, the breastfeeding (or artificial) mode is also violated - the child does not eat the right amount of milk / mixture, loses weight, there are signs of irregularities in the system digestion.

What antibiotics for cough and cold are the best and quickly help, you can understand reading the article.

Video

Look at the video of three ways to clean the baby's nose:

Runny nose in children under one year old is a disease that can be treated at home. Pediatricians should be consulted in case of fever, cough or other symptoms of an infectious disease.

ProLor.ru

Viral rhinitis in children: symptoms and treatment

There are several types of rhinitis, based on the causes of its occurrence and the nature of the flow. One of the most common types of this disease is viral rhinitis.

Symptoms of viral rhinitis in infants and older children

Viral rhinitis occurs as a result of the penetration of the respiratory tract of various viruses. Infection mainly affects people with reduced immunity, often a viral rhinitis in the child, especially the first years of life of the baby. When hypothermia or colds, when the defenses of the body are reduced, there is also the possibility of infection.

Experts say that rhinitis often acts as a sign of more serious infections, such as:

• flu;
• diphtheria;
• scarlet fever;
• measles.

After these infectious diseases are cured, the runny nose passes by itself. The causative agents of the viral rhinitis in infants and older children can be more than 500 types of pathogenic microorganisms. The most common of these are influenza viruses, parainfluenza, coronaviruses and adenoviruses.

In order not to confuse this disease of the nasopharynx with its other species, one should know the symptoms of viral rhinitis, because only in this way it will be possible to start treatment in time. In the case of a viral infection that affects the nasal mucosa, the following signs are observed:

• increased secretion of clear mucus;
• swelling of the nasopharynx;
• shortness of nasal breathing;
• general weakness and malaise;
• headache.

Soon after penetration of pathogenic microorganisms into the nasopharyngeal cavity, patients complain of dryness of the mucous membrane. After a while, mucus begins to form from the nose, gradually its amount increases. The disease can affect only one nasal passage - right or left, or two at once.

Symptoms of rhinitis caused by viruses depend on the stage of the disease. In otolaryngology, there are 3 stages of such a common cold:

1. The first one is "dry".It lasts from a few hours to 1-2 days, except for the dryness of the mucosa during this period of the patient is still worried about severe itching or burning. The first stage is accompanied by lacrimation, since the inflammatory process also extends to the mucous membrane of the eyes. When a viral infection enters the nose during the examination, the specialist notes that the mucous membrane is inflamed and excessively dry.
2. The second is "wet".The inflammatory process is actively developing, the mucosa becomes even more red, there is swelling and serous-mucous discharge appears. At this stage, the nose usually stops breathing completely, the body temperature rises, the patient complains of general weakness, joint pain, headache.
3. The third stage.At this time, the patient may notice that mucus with an admixture of pus is secreted in the nasal cavity. This sign indicates the development of a serious inflammatory process. There may be a decrease in swelling of the mucous membrane and improvement in nasal breathing, however, this does not indicate a recovery of the patient, on the contrary, the infection penetrates deeper. It is at this stage in the course of rhinitis that cough is added to the main signs of the disease, as the infection has already descended into the trachea and bronchi.

How to distinguish a viral rhinitis from bacterial and allergic

Among the most common pathogens of rhinitis are viruses and bacteria. The first cause the development of viral infections, the second - the bacterial. It is important to know how to distinguish a viral cold from bacterial, because the nature of the origin of rhinitis depends on its treatment. First of all, learn about the type of infection will help the symptoms that bother the patient. If a person develops a viral rhinitis, the discharge will be transparent, while itching, burning and dryness in the nose are felt. Soon the symptoms increase, the patient's body temperature rises. Usually, rhinitis caused by viruses develops against the background of other serious infectious diseases - diphtheria, measles, influenza.

Bacterial rhinitis has a purulent character, it needs to be treated with antibacterial drugs effective against a particular group of bacteria. The mucus in the nose becomes thicker, darker and turbid, the patient complains of a headache, a general weakness. Bacterial infection is often associated with rhinitis, which was originally caused by the entry into the body of a specific virus.

Knowing how to distinguish a viral rhinitis from an allergic rhinitis is also very important, since many children suffer from allergies, which need to be treated with special means. With these two kinds of cold, transparent mucus from the nose is secreted, however, in case of allergic rhinitis, it is more liquid. Coryza, caused by allergens, is not always observed, but only when in contact with them.

Antiviral drugs in this case will be ineffective, treatment is performed with antihistamines.

How and how to treat a common cold in children: drops and other drugs

If a child develops symptoms of a viral infection, it is important to consult a pediatrician. The expert will tell you how to treat a viral rhinitis by prescribing effective and safe means.

Treatment of a viral rhinitis should be complex and consist of such actions:

1. Frequent washing of the nasopharynx.
2. With severe nasal congestion, instillation of vasoconstrictors. Assign such drops with viral cold, like Sanorin, Nazivin, Otrivin and others.
3. Warming of the nose and nasal sinuses.
4. Treatment of viral cold in children with antiviral drugs, such as Anaferon or Arbidol and other safe means.

Most often, viral rhinitis develops in the baby, which is caused by still fragile immunity of crumbs. To protect him from illness, it is important to adhere to common reinforcing actions. This will help hardening, eating well and maintaining a cool, humid climate in the room. How to treat a viral rhinitis in children, can only tell a specialist, it is important to abandon self-treatment so as not to harm the baby.

NasmorkuNet.ru

Runny nose in infants

Babies can breathe only through the nose. Breathing through the mouth is unnatural for them. The mucous membrane of the nasal cavity in children is very well supplied with blood. This is due to the fact that this body is one of the first contacts with the external environment. Good blood supply leads to a rapid immune response to incoming antigens.

It becomes clear why the rhinitis often develops in the baby. Contact of the child with the inhaled air and the dust contained in it, chemical irritants, viruses, bacteria leads to the expansion of the vessels of the mucous membrane. There is her swelling. Simultaneously, secretion of mucus is increased. It is a protective mechanism aimed at cleansing the nasal cavity.

The nasal passages of the infant are narrow. Swelling of the mucosa in combination with increased mucus formation leads to rapid obstruction of nasal breathing.The baby begins to break off during feeding for inspiration, crying. Because of difficulties with breathing, the baby does not sleep well. As a result, the general state of health suffers - the child becomes sluggish, restless, badly gaining weight.

Physiological cold

The physiological rhinitis in the baby is a symptom that is not a disease, but is a normal stage of the development of the respiratory system of the newborn.It can occur in the first 2 months of a child's life. The physiological runny nose is a consequence of the adaptation of the infant's respiratory system to air breathing. The mucous membrane thus "adjusts" its work to the humidity, temperature and composition of the ambient air. The physiological runny nose is also a manifestation of the "ripening" of the mucous glands in the wall of the nasal cavity.

The physiological rhinitis is manifested by the mucous discharge from the infant's spout. It is released in a small amount, not accompanied by severe swelling of the mucous membrane and reddening of the skin around the nasal passages. Runny nose has a non-permanent character, does not lead to a significant disturbance of sleep and feeding. The general condition usually does not suffer. The child's body temperature is normal, he does not sneeze, the wings of the nose do not swell when breathing. Cough is not typical.

In the case of a physiological rhinitis in an infant, it is necessary to help him adapt to the external environment. It is necessary to moisten the air to 60%, using air conditioning or conventional containers of water, placed in the room. The air temperature should not exceed 22 ° C. With sufficiently strong discharge from the nose, you can wash it with preparations based on sea water (Aqua-Maris, etc.) or sterile saline, digesting it 2-3 drops 3-4 times a day in each nasal passage. To remove mucus is recommended to use a special aspirator (rubber pear with a special nozzle). The syringe is not suitable for this purpose, because when using it, it is necessary to push its spout inwards, at the risk of damaging the tender mucous membrane of the baby's nose.

Catarrh flow in infants

The disease begins with a spasm of blood vessels in the wall of the nasal cavity. This is manifested by itching in the nose, by perspiration. The child sneezes, tries to scratch his nose, worries, turns his head. Discharge from the nose is absent, nasal breathing is not difficult.

Then there is a rapid vasodilation and increased secretion of mucus. There is an unfolded picture of the common cold: nasal congestion, difficulty breathing, mucous discharge. Disrupted the process of feeding and sleep. In the viral nature of the common cold, body temperature can rise, cough, redness of the eyes and other manifestations of ARVI appear.

If you do not start treatment, a runny nose in the baby can go to the next stage. It is characterized by the attachment of a microbial infection. With this, the discharge from the nose becomes thick, get a yellow or green hue. At this stage, possible development of bacterial complications in the form of infectious damage to other organs.

Complications of the common cold in infants

With a disturbed nasal breathing, a natural complication is weight loss or an inadequate small increase in weight. This is facilitated by a violation of the very process of feeding, when the child during meals is often interrupted for breathing and therefore quickly fatigued. In addition, weight loss can cause a virus infection in itself, if it is accompanied by fever and intoxication.

If the child has abundant discharge from the nose, they can irritate the skin around the nasal passages. Appear reddened areas, cracks, ulcers. With frequent wiping, the tender skin is even more traumatized, and any treatment attempts cause pain in the baby.

In severe course of the runny nose, infants may spread infection to surrounding organs, for example, the larynx and the middle ear. Otitis, laryngitis and other infectious complications develop. There may be pneumonia. Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses (sinusitis, frontalitis) is uncharacteristic, as in children under 3 years they are undeveloped.

Treatment of a cold in infants

If there was a runny nose in the baby, you should first change the microclimate in the room: the air should be sufficiently moistened, cool. It is very useful to do wet cleaning more often to remove dust, allergens, viruses and bacteria. It is necessary that the room is more illuminated by direct sunlight and ventilated.

In case of a cold in an infant, the nose should be regularly cleaned of mucus with a special aspirator, especially before feeding and before bedtime. Children do not like this procedure, but after it quickly calmed down. To cleanse the nose, it is necessary to release a part of the air from the pear, quickly press the nozzle to one nostril and draw in the mucus. You can press your other nostril with your finger at this time. Repeat on the other side. After the procedure, the pear and nozzle should be washed with warm water and soap, and you can boil. Repeat as needed.

Rinse your nose with a better prepared sterile solution based on sea water. When preparing such a solution at home, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the formula, sterility, and temperature of the finished solution.

Vasoconstrictive, antibacterial and other medications are prescribed for the doctor's prescription.

ingalin.ru

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