Tachycardia refers to a condition in which the normal heart rate increases, which can symbolize the body's response to stress, exceeding the usual rate of physical activity or due to various causes of fever.
Also this condition may indicate the initial stage of development of certain diseases( cardiac, pulmonary, thyroid gland).
Let's fully understand this heart condition - tachycardia: what is it and how to treat it, what pulse( how many beats per minute) it can happen?
Development of the disease
Strictlyspeaking, this concept can be used to determine the increase in the number of cardiac contractions( heart rate) of the to 90-100 beats per minute on average, which can be provoked by various mechanisms.
In an adult in the normal physical and mental health state of the , the number of heartbeats is 50 to 100 per minute( according to the US Cardiology Association).
The pulse rate of may start to grow for various reasons of , but in the case of repeated unexplained recurrence of this condition, you should definitely consult a doctor.
What causes heart tachycardia? It is not an independent disease, it always represents either the reaction of the human body to certain situations and conditions, or a signal about the development of diseases of the cardiovascular( and not only) system.
In one form or another, an increase in the number of heartbeats throughout life is experienced by every person, and on the basis of one of these symptoms it is difficult to put a full-fledged and timely diagnosis of .And it is very important, if it indicates the onset of the development of heart disease - that's why without consulting a specialist can not do.
Species( classification) and causes of
Conditionally, the causes of increased heart rate( heart rate) fall into two categories - physiological( objective) and pathological( subjective) .To be able to distinguish one from another is necessary, the health and life of a person can depend on this.
This condition is not a threatening for health or, even more so, human life. Most often the development of the physiological state occurs for the following reasons:
- physical exertion;
- stress state;
- emotional state;
- of sexual arousal;
- pain;
- stay in a hot room;
- lifting to a significant height.
Physiological increase in normal heart rate also occurs with when consuming alcohol and caffeine, when smoking, taking energeticians and some medicines .
What they say about tachycardia in the program "On the most important":
The pathological form develops as a symptom of a mass of diseases, among which:
- inflammatory pathologies of the heart;
- mechanical heart failure;
- infectious diseases;
- intoxication of various origins;
- anemia;
- state of shock, heavy bleeding, traumatic lesions;
- of thyroid disease( especially hyperthyroidism);
- lesions affecting the nucleus of the vagus nerve;
- neurocirculatory asthenia;
- pheochromocytoma;
- various congenital malformations.
Doctors distinguish three varieties of this condition:
- sinus;
- paroxysmal;
- ventricular fibrillation.
Consider each type of tachycardia and its scheme on the ECG.
Sinus is diagnosed most often .This condition is characterized by an increase of 20-40 beats per minute of cardiac activity at rest, in which a correct rhythm is maintained under the control of the sinus node.
The problem occurs when a complex system of pulse generation of a given node fails, and when the process of sinus pulses directly to the ventricles of the heart is disturbed.
Paroxysmal is an condition in which paroxysms of heartbeat increase to 140-220 heartbeats per minute due to ectopic impulses replacing the normal sinus rhythm.
This variety appears suddenly and just as suddenly stops, seizures-paroxysms have different duration, a regular rhythm with them persists.
Under , ventricular fibrillation is a kind of tachyarrhythmia in which unbranched contractions of several grouped muscle fibers of the cardiac ventricles occur, uncoordinated, ineffective, since in this condition the ventricular parts of the heart do not "pressurize" the pressure, which causes the cardiac muscle to cease to functionpump for blood flow.
The frequency of contractions reaches and exceeds the rate of 300 per minute.
Who runs the risk of developing
The risk of developing any species is large mainly for two categories of the population:
- of the elderly;
- people with tachycardia in family history.
In addition, the risk of developing the disease is high for citizens who are engaged in activities that overload or damage the heart of the , as well as those who:
- suffers from heart disease and high blood pressure;
- is in a constant state of anxiety and psychological stress;
- abused alcohol, cigarettes, drugs, caffeine;
- takes medication at a dose that is higher than normal or with other disorders.
In children, the increase in heart rate occurs as often as in adults .Disease in children and adults occurs with the same symptoms, is equally classified and treated.
Symptoms and signs: how
is manifestedTachycardia in the majority of diagnosed cases of is an independent symptom of various diseases. However, specialists identify a certain symptomatology accompanying an increase in heart rate.
The itself, the increase in the number of heartbeats per minute is usually manifested:
- by the pulse;
- increased heart rate;
- pulsation of the carotid artery;
- by dizziness;
- increased anxiety;
- pain syndrome in the heart;
- shortness of breath after physical exertion.
Sometimes other symptoms also appear:
- increase in body temperature;
- headaches;
- muscle pain and / or trembling;
- sweating;
- breathing problems;
- increased and more frequent fatigue;
- outflow of blood from the skin with their blanching;
- diarrhea and vomiting;
- acute pain of different localization.
Basic diagnostic measures
Since tachycardia can manifest as a signal about the onset of a disease in the body, it is very important to monitor your health. Seek medical attention should the first signs of the problem, which include:
- cases of fainting( loss of consciousness);
- frequently occurs sensations of pain in the chest;
- darkening in the eyes;
- attacks of dizziness;
- causeless rapidity of heartbeat, not passing for 5 minutes;
- already diagnosed with heart disease.
Primary diagnostics after contact with the cardiologist includes, first of all, physical examination of the patient. During the examination, the doctor:
- examines the skin( color and condition) of the person who has addressed;
- examines the hair and nails of the patient;
- measures blood pressure;
- records the number of inspiration-expiration cycles per minute;
- hears the lungs, revealing rales;
- checks for the presence / absence of noise in the myocardium;
- as a whole receives general information about the state of the body.
Further, if the specialist has a reason, he assigns a deeper diagnosis of , which includes:
- a common finger blood test;
- assay for thyroid hormones;
- electrocardiogram;
- daily electrocardiogram according to Holter;
- echocardiography.
First aid for a sudden attack at home
If the attack is taken by surprise( which clearly indicates health problems), the needs to be aware of the first aid rules. Here, than to treat and how to remove an attack of tachycardia at home:
- The patient will have to take a deep breath, hold his breath for a while, then slowly exhale. Repeat the procedure should be for 5 or more minutes, carefully monitoring the breathing process.
- Strong pressure should be exerted on closed eyes( eyeballs) for 10 seconds.
- You can wash your face with iced water or hold your head under a stream of cold water for a short time.
- Be sure to drink a drop of corvalol or valokordin tablets.
- It is important to provide the victim with complete peace in which he will wait for an immediate emergency call.
When is it necessary to call a doctor, and when can I manage on my own and in what way? Look at the video:
Methods of treatment: what to do and what tablets you can take
Is it possible and how to remove tachycardia at home, what should and can not be done, what medicines to drink at this diagnosis? Let's consider all the details.
General measures
How to cure physiological tachycardia of the heart at home? The treatment consists in providing the patient with a full rest .
This concept includes:
- sound sleep;
- complete psychological rest;
- frequent walks in the fresh air;
- moderate exercise;
- elimination of any stress;
- rejection of bad habits;
- change in diet with the mandatory exception of products containing caffeine.
Rapid-heartbeat medications
Treatment of the pathological form includes administration of local anesthetics and cardiac depressants of ( quinidine, lidocaine, novocainamide).On the recommendation of a cardiologist, the patient is injected with antiarrhythmic drugs( adenosine, verapamil, propranolol, flecainide).
All this - emergency measures provided by doctors when calling home .
Further treatment should be performed by in a stationary .
Therapeutic measures consist in the elimination of the underlying disease.
As part of the therapy, is prescribed to the patients with a neurologist and psychologist, taking tranquilizers and neuroleptics .
If the condition has arisen because of problems with the thyroid gland, treatment with thyreostatic medications is performed, in case of chronic heart failure, beta-adrenoblockers and cardiac glycosides are prescribed.
In some cases, the surgical effect of is applied, in which, for example, the firing of the myocardium responsible for arrhythmia is carried out.
Lifestyle and drugs for the prevention of
With physiological tachycardia, predictions are usually favorable. Prevention in this case consists in abstinence from bad habits and stresses of , control over all circumstances potentially capable of causing problems with heart rhythm.
The condition caused by pathological causes, in the early diagnosis and after the optimal treatment process, also leaves patients at rest in most cases.
In more advanced cases, even after recovery, patients have to regularly take antiarrhythmic drugs and other medications. Cardiac drugs used for tachycardia include:
- verapamil / calan;
- diltiazem / kardizem;
- propranolol / anaprilin;
- Esmolol / Brevyblock.
Another measure of prevention in difficult cases is the implantation of the cardioverter defibrillator , a device that tracks the heartbeat of a carrier that detects anomalies in the rhythm of his heart, and if necessary generates a weak discharge of electric current to restore the heart rate.
In other cases, patients are prescribed treatment aimed at fighting the underlying disease.
How to get rid of tachycardia at home? The program "Live Healthily":
However, do not forget about , that repeated seizures, moreover accompanied by uncharacteristic symptoms, are an occasion to consult a doctor, at least for advice.
Useful video
In the following video clip this disease is considered in detail:
