Dizziness and nausea

You can count more than 80 diseases, accompanied by dizziness and nausea. Sometimes this symptom is the main one, in other cases - it accompanies and heaves the clinical course of the disease, indicates the degree of involvement of internal organs and systems.

The origin of nausea, vomiting, dizziness involves a reaction from the cardiovascular and nervous system, a specific lesion. Find out the relationship with other manifestations is much easier for an adult who understands what is happening to him, and is difficult for a frightened child. We will consider the main causes and diseases in which these symptoms occur.

How does the syndrome occur?

Vertigo is an unpleasant sensation of lack of stability of surrounding objects, they are perceived as rotating or mobile, while a person loses balance, can not move confidently, differentiate direction and goals.

Appears in patients with a turn of the trunk, slopes down( "dizzy"), in the form of dizziness with nausea and vomiting. A complex system of the vestibular apparatus is responsible for the correct perception and evaluation of movements. Its center is located in the cerebellum. But the evaluation depends on the state of the information coming through the special nerve fibers from the senses.

Therefore, the "culprits" of dizziness may be:

• the central link - with the defeat of the cerebellum caused by diseases of the brain;
• peripheral - if vision is impaired, vestibular nerve, inner ear is involved in pathology.

In addition, give out dizziness:

• physiological - there is no pathology of the vestibular apparatus, arise from hunger( a drop in blood glucose level), a stressed stress situation( the consequence of adrenaline and cerebral vasospasm release), motion sickness in transport, overwork;
• systemic( pathological) - always caused by a disease with damage and disruption of the functioning of the cerebellum, links that make up the vestibular apparatus, vision, muscles.

Nausea also has central and peripheral causes. The main vomiting center is in the medulla oblongata. Receiving signals along internal paths, it at a subthreshold level of irritation causes not a vomiting, and sensation of its approach.

Influence on the central zone of the brain receives on the ascending nerves, from the blood, depending on the composition of the hormone level, glucose and other substances. Toxins and unbranched slags irritate the center and contribute to nausea and vomiting.

Local causes are changes in the acidity of gastric juice, the accumulation of a large volume of undigested food, pain in ulcers and cancer. In this case, the body tries to get rid of re-irritation, purify the stomach with the help of vomiting.

Causes of nausea and dizziness are related to the general blood supply of the cerebellum and medulla oblongata. Violation of the supply of neurons with oxygen and nutrients during ischemia leads them to a state of hypoxia, cells are unable to synthesize energy, the content of electrolytes is disturbed.

As a result, various types of cerebral circulatory insufficiency with attacks of dizziness, headache, nausea and vomiting, drowsiness, transient consciousness disorder are clinically manifested.

Symptoms of dizziness and nausea are a serious component of many neurological diseases, which are consequences of circulatory disturbances in the brain in hypertensive crises, a drop in blood pressure during shock conditions.

The desire to achieve weight loss with hungry diets often ends with anemia and the need for treatment

At what physiological states are nausea and dizziness?

For physiological reasons for dizziness and nausea, hormonal changes occur in women during pregnancy, during menopause. In girls, signs appear with abundant menstruation. A certain role is played by the sensitivity of the body to moderate blood loss and lack of nutrition.

Women complain that the head is spinning, worried about weakness, staggering when walking. If there is pain in the lower abdomen, you need to urgently go to a women's consultation and find out the cause.

Vegeto-vascular dystonia is considered one physiological process, others - pathology. There is no doubt that all symptoms are manifested in adolescents and children. They are associated with hormonal fluctuations during periods of active growth. School children often experience dizziness, fatigue. This applies to young, impressionable women. No organ disturbances are detected.

Dizziness and vomiting - a frequent reaction of the human nervous system to vibration and body vibrations in transport, in flight, at sea. People call it "motion sickness" or "seasickness".Symptoms are accompanied by abundant salivation, headache in the temples, sweating. Associated with low adaptive function of the autonomic nervous system.

Stressful situations - a normal reaction includes the allocation of catecholamines, temporarily spasmodic of the vessels of the brain. The condition is normalized after rest and soothing procedures. Hypoxia does not reach threshold values ​​and does not cause circulatory disturbances in neurons. With frequent repetition, the nature of the changes is disrupted. Spasm of blood vessels causes pathology.

When there is severe dizziness and nausea in neurological diseases?

Neurological symptoms are very specific. Doctors neurologists check reflexes, sensitivity of different areas of the body, the nature of movements, stability and balance. Combinations of signs allow us to judge the damage to certain areas of the brain, peripheral nerves.

Cervical osteochondrosis - gives an adult a lot of suffering. The disease is caused by degenerative-dystrophic changes in the intervertebral cartilage. Most often, patients complain of neck pain on one side, worse when trying to move.

Severe dizziness and nausea occur when the head is raised, suddenly turning. There is a decrease in balance, instability in the gait, numbness in the fingers. Vestibular neuritis - severe dizziness occurs in the patient when lifting from a bed, getting up from a chair, turning the head. Symptoms occur suddenly, after 2-4 days. It is possible to repeat seizures.

In Meniere's disease, increased lymphatic pressure increases the pressure inside the middle ear's maze and causes attacks of deafness, dizziness and vestibular disorders.

Meniere's disease is characterized by pronounced tinnitus, hearing loss, dizziness and nausea with vomiting. Violation of cerebral circulation - occur in the form of vascular crises, hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes. Symptoms depend on the type of disorder, the prevalence of the process. Distinguish between acute and chronic forms.

Neurological symptoms include:

• prolonged vomiting, dizziness and nausea;
• marked weakness in the limbs;
• loss of sensitivity;
• paralysis;
• feeling of darkening, doubling in the eyes, flickering of glowing dots;
• loss of visual fields;
• speech difficulties;
• disturbed balance;
• feeling of rotation of objects;
• transient consciousness disorder;
• sleep disorder;
• headaches, a feeling of "pulsation" in the head.

Basilar migraine - aura of the disease manifests itself as precursors, they indicate that the signs of the disease will appear after half an hour-hour. Nausea and dizziness are often the first to indicate the onset of an attack, subsequent severe headaches on one side of the head. Migraine is accompanied by vomiting, darkening in the eyes and flickering flies, noise in the ears.

Tumors of the brain - often cause severe headaches, there is a deterioration in the patient's condition in a certain position, loss of vision, deafness, vestibular disorders.

When is nausea and vomiting unrelated to diseases of the nervous system?

Physicians of any profile have to face symptoms such as nausea and dizziness. They cause a common pathology. Of the diseases of the cardiovascular system, it is necessary to note neurocirculatory dystonia in adolescents, true and symptomatic hypertension. High blood pressure is manifested by hypertensive crises.

The patient has:

• headaches in the back of the head, temples, pulmonary throat;
• dizziness and nausea;
• Feeling chills and muscle tremors;
• flickering flies before the eyes;
• possible, the discharge of blood from the nose;
• sensation of lack of air;
• stitching and pressing pains in the region of the heart.

Crises occur also at much lower pressure

Head and spine injuries - cause vestibular disorders of varying degrees from short-term crises to persistent dizziness. Depending on the severity of the injury, important parts of the brain substance for life support can be damaged.

Endocrine diseases are often accompanied by similar signs in the state of hypoglycemia( a drop in glucose in the blood of a patient with diabetes mellitus), impaired thyroid function.

In the practice of an otolaryngologist, a labyrinth is often found, as an inflammation of the middle ear. In addition to pain syndrome, hearing loss, purulent discharge from the ear canal, it manifests itself with dizziness and nausea. The ophthalmologist, when examining the organs of vision, discovers the cause of dizziness in the weakness of the eye muscles. This causes flashing before your eyes.

The lack of food in fruits, meat products promotes the development of anemia( anemia).The disease also develops in the pathology of the stomach and intestines, which does not allow us to absorb substances coming from food. The brain lacks calories to replenish energy reserves. Therefore, patients experience nausea and dizziness.

Food poisoning and exposure to toxic toxic substances that get through the digestive organs into the blood, directly suppress the functions of the brain. A similar effect is caused by alcohol and drugs. To signs of intoxication are added:

• abdominal pain( in the epigastric region, along the bowel);
• vomiting with bitterness in the mouth, indicating duodenogastric reflux( reverse casting of food from the duodenum and stomach);
• diarrhea;
• temperature increase;
• weakness.

The cause of poisoning can be storage of food in the refrigerator with meat, the use of single knives and boards

What you can not forget

Symptoms can be caused by overheating of the child in the heat, a sunny "blow" on the beach. In elderly people under the influence of arteriosclerosis of vessels, chronic cerebral insufficiency, the transferred diseases, vestibular disorders are formed:

• staggering when walking;
• attacks of nausea;
• short-term loss of consciousness and orientation;
• memory and attention reduction;
• hearing and vision impairment;
• character change.

In determining the causes of dizziness and nausea, an important role belongs to the negative effects of drugs. Therefore, the doctor should be informed about all the medicinal and folk remedies that the patient takes. Each person has his own sensitivity, it is impossible to predict the response to treatment in advance.

If dizziness and nausea appear, stop taking it and seek medical advice. Most often, vomiting is caused by antibacterial, anticonvulsant, hypotensive, sedatives, sulfonamides, cardiac drugs.

Diagnostics

For examination of the patient with dizziness, vomiting and nausea, the doctor first examines and determines the presence of other signs of the alleged disease. Must be checked:

• blood test results( detection of anemia, lipid metabolism disorders in atherosclerosis, signs of inflammation);
• sugar curve for the exclusion of diabetes;
• electrocardiography helps to exclude cardiac muscle diseases;
• electroencephalography - indicates the function of individual parts of the brain;
• ultrasound of cerebral vessels can reveal the cause of circulatory disorders;
• roentgenogram of the cervical spine reveals osteochondrosis;
• magnetic resonance tomography will more accurately show the structure of the brain.

Patients need an examination of the neurologist, oculist, otolaryngologist

What to treat and what to do during an attack?

It is not only senseless to take medication alone, but it is harmful. It is necessary to pass a survey, find out the cause of poor health, then treat a specific disease. If the nausea does not last for a long time, it is recommended to drink a sufficient amount of water per day( for an adult person not less than 1.5 liters), to give the child drink in any permitted form.

It is necessary to refuse smoking, frequent use of strong coffee, alcohol, beer, stop fond of fashionable diets, organize a diet, sufficient content of fruits and vegetables, meat and dairy products, walk more, do auto-training, yoga.

For osteochondrosis, therapeutic physical training, swimming, physiotherapy procedures are recommended. If you feel dizzy, you can not drive, you need to sit down or lie down in a comfortable position, look at a fixed object and focus on it, inform close people, call for help.

A dizziness in the driver can lead to a loss of consciousness and an emergency.

As a first aid to a person with a dizziness and nausea, it is necessary to call an ambulance:

• is convenient to put the patient( on the beach in the shade)He did not fall and did not hurt himself;
• try to organize an influx of air( unbutton collar, tie);
• bring to the nose cotton wool with ammonia;
• give a man a cup of hot sweet tea.

In case of obvious poisoning give the opportunity to drink plenty of water. You can not offer medication to a patient, you need to find out if he has a prescribed medication with him. It is impossible to eliminate the unpleasant sensations of nausea and dizziness, without knowing the cause. Therapy after the examination is aimed at treating pathology, preventing dangerous consequences.