Treatment of pancreatitis with antibiotics

The use of antibiotics in pancreatitis is associated with a combination of inflammation caused by the release of excess enzymes that melt the tissue, with an attached infection from the intestine, the gallbladder.

In this case, the risk of infection increases significantly and pancreatitis is complicated by a septic condition, peritonitis, retroperitoneal abscess or phlegmon. A severe course of inflammation of the pancreas is observed in every fifth case. Determine what drug should be taken in a particular case can only the doctor.

When are antimicrobial agents appropriate?

Antibacterial drugs should be treated with due attention in connection with possible side effects, oppression of intestinal flora. Therefore, antibiotics should be clearly indicated. These include:

• receiving, when examining, irrefutable data on the inflammatory process in glandular tissues, neighboring organs( cholecystitis), intestines;
• stagnation of bile, dyskinesia of the gallbladder and ducts;
• risk of spread of infection and bacterial complications, which grows in the presence of cholangitis, cysts in the body of the gland, pancreatonecrosis;
• suspected rupture of the main duct in the glandular tissue;
• appearance of signs of peripancreatitis( inflammation in surrounding tissues).

The pancreas is connected by blood circulation to neighboring organs, the infection can spread by contact through the common duct, biliary tract

Advantages and disadvantages of antibiotics

The selection of antibiotics requires knowledge of the mechanism of action. Suppress pathogenic flora with other drugs is impossible. The lost time will lead a patient with acute pancreatitis to necrosis and death from severe intoxication, which is almost impossible to cope with other medications.

Negative manifestations include:

• the possibility of developing hypersensitivity with allergic manifestations( rash on the skin, itching, swelling of the face, runny nose, suffocation);
• toxic effect on the liver and kidneys when the dosage is exceeded, on the background of the patient receiving alcoholic beverages;
• unwanted increase in the effect of other medications that the patient takes( eg, blood thinners);
• dizziness, nausea, hearing loss are often caused by the action of antibiotics on the vestibular apparatus of the brain;
• violation of the balance of intestinal flora leads to the need after a course of antibiotics to take probiotics and prebiotic drugs to restore digestion.

Antibiotics are a special kind of medications. They are obtained from natural or synthetic raw materials. They act on living microorganisms. Different classes differ in the mechanism of influence. The most powerful agents kill pathogenic microbes.

Others - disrupt the metabolism, the construction of cell membranes and this is so disorganized metabolism that create unacceptable conditions for the life of the microbe.

Unfortunately, drugs can affect the right microflora, cells of the nervous system, liver, kidneys. Toxic substances complicate the work of the internal organs of a person, cause poisoning and require additional purification of the body.

The disadvantages of antibiotic treatment include the ability to cause resistance to pathogenic flora. Rather, it is a matter of getting used to microorganisms, but as a result, whole classes are lost from possible preparations. The problem of resistance is studied by scientists around the world.

Like other medicines, antibiotics can cause an allergic reaction in an individual patient. With a high incidence of allergenic drugs are excluded from practice.

Before using the antibiotic, it is necessary to put a sample on the sensitivity to prevent a possible allergy

Rules for the use of antibiotics

Treatment of pancreatitis with antibiotics is carried out in accordance with the general rules of therapy. If there are no data on the microorganisms that caused the inflammatory process, preparations of a wide spectrum of action are prescribed. Upon receipt of the conclusion of the analysis tank, the most effective antibiotic is applied to the flora.

Before application, an intradermal test is made to detect an increased sensitivity of the body and prevent an allergic reaction. The dosage is based on the weight and age of the patient.

Antibiotics for pancreatitis in adults and children are prescribed by the course of 7-10 days, self-shortening or prolonging the periods of treatment patients cause irreparable harm to their bodies, as the sensitivity to the chosen drug is lost.

It is necessary to take into account the compliance of the form of administration with the patient's condition, in severe cases, only the injection method( intramuscular and intravenously) is recommended due to emesis, low absorption in the intestine, tablet drugs patients drink when the condition improves.

Multiplicity of procedures is caused by the need to maintain a constant sufficient therapeutic dosage in the body, so the doctor is guided by data on the rate of accumulation and excretion. The principle of drug interactions, amplification or the opposite direction of influence is taken into account.

Do not use antibiotics that have a high toxic effect on the liver and kidneys. Antibacterial drugs are used in a comprehensive treatment regimen.

The administration of several drugs is required to be monitored for their combined effect

Antibiotics for acute pancreatitis

Pathological changes in acute pancreatitis begin with a stasis of secretion containing powerful enzymes inside the glandular tissue, promoting self-digestion of the organ. In response, immune cells accumulate in the peritoneum, providing aseptic( without the participation of microbes) inflammation to delimit the process.

But the conditionally pathogenic microorganisms( intestinal stick) located nearby in the intestine, using the case of weakening protective properties, turn into serious pathogens of infectious inflammation and complicate the course of pancreatitis.

The human body needs additional efforts to fight, which he does not have. In such a situation, only antibacterial agents can help. Preparations of a wide spectrum of action are used. They are administered intravenously and intraperitoneally.

In an acute process, the effectiveness of treatment and the outcome of the disease largely depend on the initiation of antibiotic treatment. Delayed use threatens the patient's life.

Antibiotics for chronic pancreatitis

Chronic pancreatitis is less severe, but each exacerbation is accompanied by increased activity of pathogenic microflora and captures all new areas of the pancreas. In this case, the gallbladder, ducts, duodenum, stomach, liver are involved in the inflammatory process.

The first affect the surrounding tissue( peripancreatitis).In such cases, it is necessary to provide for active resistance to microorganisms.

Drugs are prescribed in the acute stage:

• Ampiox,
• Augmentin,
• Amoxicillin,
• Amoxiclav,
• Levomycetin,
• Cefoperazone,
• Cefuroxime,
• Cefixime.

On the effectiveness of judging by the normalization of temperature, no pain, recovery of stool. Prior to use, it is desirable to isolate the most significant pathogen or mixed microflora for the selection of the optimal antibiotic by the bacteriological method. Bile and gastric juice are sown. Be sure to confirm the sensitivity to the drug.

If there is no data for the attachment of an infectious inflammation, then it is not wise to prescribe antibiotics, the treatment is performed by enzymatic and other drugs

Characteristics of the most used antibiotics

The choice of form( tablet or injection) is determined by the severity of the patient's condition. Other features are taken into account with the individual administration of the drug. In acute inflammation, the strongest antibiotics are used.

Cefotaxime is a semisynthetic cephalosporin of the third generation, it is available only in vials in powder form for dilution and administration intramuscularly or intravenously, the effect begins after 30 minutes and lasts for 12 hours, destroys bacteria, blocking vital enzyme systems, has a negative effect on blood coagulability, thereforecontraindicated with a tendency to bleed. Doxycycline - is produced in tablets, capsules and ampoules, suppresses protein synthesis in bacteria, belongs to the tetracycline group, is more active and less affected by normal intestinal flora, increases toxic effects on the liver, therefore it is not used for manifestations of liver failure, causes side effects withhearing, vision, nervous system.

Ceftriaxone - available only for injection, as Cefotaxime belongs to the group of semisynthetic cephalosporins of the third generation, among the negative effects should be considered the effect on hemopoiesis( the synthesis of blood cells), increased salt deposition in bile, inflammation of the intestine.

Ampiox - is available in capsules and vials for injections, the active substance is a combination of Ampicillin and Oxacillin, is part of the penicillin group, accordingly has a negative effect on blood, strengthens the effect of anticoagulants.

In combination with diuretics, the negative properties of

are more pronounced. All these drugs are contraindicated in pregnancy, lactation, and are not prescribed to small patients. Apply on urgent indications, but after treatment will require restoration of intestinal digestion.

Among tableted antibiotics used in chronic pancreatitis can be considered effective. Azithromycin - a synthetic derivative of Erythromycin, suppresses the synthesis of protein in the cells of bacteria of various types. However, it can cause nausea, vomiting, visual impairment, inhibition of the production of blood lymphocytes in a person. After discontinuation of admission remains in the patient's blood for another 5-7 days.

Abaktal - the drug belongs to the group of fluoroquinolones, acts on the DNA of microorganisms, has a large spectrum of damage. Cautiously assigned to patients with atherosclerotic lesions of blood vessels of the brain, suffered impaired cerebral circulation, epileptic syndrome, renal and hepatic insufficiency, is contraindicated at the age of 18 years, with hemolytic anemia.

Sumamed - the active component of the drug is dihydrate azithromycin, respectively, all properties are preserved and strengthened, children are prescribed after 12 years depending on weight, carefully selected dosage for patients with arrhythmias, heart failure, myasthenia.

Ciprolet A - is a combination of Tinidazole and Ciprofloxacin. It is indicated for a mixed infection. It is cautiously appointed at an atherosclerosis of vessels of a brain at older persons, mental diseases, an epilepsy. Contraindicated in acute porphyria, blood diseases, under the age of 18, pregnant.

How to protect yourself from the negative effects of antibiotics?

To eliminate the negative effects of antibiotics on the intestine, it is recommended to combine the treatment with the intake of drugs containing beneficial bacteria( probiotics).These include:

• Bifidumbacterin,
• Bifiform,
• Lactobacterin,
• Linex,
• Acipol,
• Gastrofarm.

Drugs with a prebiotic effect do not contain the microorganisms themselves, but improve their assimilation, nutrition and reproduction in the intestinal environment. Therefore, at the same time, the patients are recommended a course Maxilaka, Lb17, Multidofilusa plus.

Prebiotics are provided with energy by the beneficial bacteria of probiotics

The diet prescribed for pancreatitis also allows to maximally protect the organs from the negative action of antibiotics. Acute process requires a short-term fasting( 1-3 days) with the intake of only broth of rose hips, mineral water without gas. Then within a week the patient is allowed:

• rubbed liquid porridge on the water;
• dry white crackers;
• liquid jelly;
• rice or oat broth;
• liquid mashed potatoes without oil.

Meat dishes from cooked and scrolled meat, vegetable soups, butter are strictly metered in the future. Nutrition for a patient with chronic pancreatitis often allows you to do without medication.

Transition when strengthening pain on a strict diet helps to unload the pancreas and prevent inflammation. Antibiotic therapy is an unsafe course of treatment. Therefore, the intake of drugs should be treated with caution, taking into account contraindications and appropriateness.