From this article you will learn: what is sclerotherapy, why this procedure is needed, how it is carried out. Indications, contraindications, results of application.
- Indications for sclerosing
- Three types of procedure
- How to prepare for the procedure as it is performed
- How quickly the effect comes
- Side effects and complications
- Contraindications
When sclerosing into the vein, medications causing constriction and overgrowing of the vessel with scar tissue are introduced. Such manipulation is carried out in the same cases as removal of the vessel, however, sclerosing does not require a cut: the patient's vein is simply glued, overgrown with a connective tissue and ceases to function.
With this procedure, you can remove the veins on the legs and hands, as well as the vascular nodes in the anus. The phlebologist or proctologist conducts the procedure.
Indications for sclerosing
The procedure is required for such diseases:
- varicose veins;
- hemangioma( tumor consisting of blood vessels);
- hemorrhoids.
The most common procedure for sclerosing is for the veins of the legs, since with varicose this procedure is most effective. With hemorrhoids, it is used only in the early stages. In all cases, the procedure mechanism is the same.
Usually for the treatment of the disease requires several sessions of sclerotherapy, so treatment is carried out by the course.
Three types of procedure
- Microsclerosis. It is used to treat varicose in the early stages - to remove small defects( vascular "stars").
- Eosklerozirovanie. It is used if it is necessary to inject the drug into deep veins or to remove a large varicose veins on the legs. This version provides for simultaneous with the introduction of the drug duplex scanning of veins, thanks to which the doctor fully controls the process and clearly sees the vessels where the needle enters.
- Foam sclerotherapy. This is a variant with the use of sclerosing preparations of new generation, which, when in contact with air, can turn into foam. Their effectiveness is higher due to better contact with the inner surface of the vein. This type of sclerotherapy is indicated for the treatment of large veins, for the reduction of which conventional drugs may not be effective.
Preparing for and procedure for the procedure
- In advance, tell your doctor if you are taking any medications. This especially applies to hormonal, anti-inflammatory, venotonic and other drugs for the cardiovascular system. Also, be sure to tell if you are allergic to any medications.
- For two days before sclerosing, refrain from smoking and drinking alcohol. Also at this time, you can not do hair removal, use any creams, lotions and other cosmetics for the feet.
- There is the last time before the treatment session can be in 2-3 hours.
- Before going to the procedure, take a shower so that your feet are clean.
- Take elastic bandages or compression stockings with you - they need to be worn after sclerosing. If you use elastic bandages, for better fixing them, wear tight leggings.
The procedure itself does not last long. Depending on the area affected by the disease, the doctor will need 10 to 20 minutes.
Everything is very simple:
- You take off your clothes.
- Lie on the couch.
- The doctor carefully examines the affected area, and during echosclerosis, performs duplex scanning of the vessels using ultrasound apparatus.
- Then the physician starts directly sclerosing the veins. He injects into the diseased vein the required amount of sclerosing drug, using a thin needle.
- For one sclerosing session, from 2 to 10 injections are done.
- Immediately after the procedure, you should wear compression stockings.
Eosclerosis Depending on how much varicose changes are expressed, you may need from 2 to 6 sessions of sclerotherapy. Conduct them no more than once every 7 days. Thus, the duration of the entire course of treatment will be 1-5 weeks.
During this time, observe the following rules:
- wear compression stockings around the clock for 7 days after each session( the doctor will recommend taking them for another 1-3 months after the last session, but now they can be taken off at night);
- do not smoke or drink alcohol;
- take all medications prescribed by your doctor( venenotics, angioprotectors, etc.);
- do not perform cosmetic procedures that can lead to skin irritation( hair removal, wraps, masks), avoid contacting the injection site with water, do not massage your feet;
- do not take too hot a shower or bath;
- refrain from physical exercises and lifting weights;
- do not lie all day - moderate walks are required;
- consult your doctor if you feel unwell.
Rules that must be observed throughout the course of sclerotherapy Within six months after sclerosing, observe the phlebologist every few months.
How fast will the effect come?
Externally, the result of treatment may not appear immediately, but after 0.5-2 months after therapy. The procedure of sclerotherapy of the veins of the feet will help to completely get rid of ugly manifestations of venous diseases( "asterisks", "vascular network") and improve blood circulation in the lower limbs, which will make it easier for you to walk and climb stairs;you can even attend fitness classes, which is contraindicated in severe cases of varicose veins.
The same applies to the treatment of hemorrhoids with the help of sclerosing - the nodes dissolve after 2-8 weeks.
The doctor will also write down further recommendations regarding the prevention of recurrence of the disease. If you do not observe them, the disease can return in 5-7 years.
Side effects and complications of
Usually sclerotherapy of veins is not a very painful procedure. By the level of painful sensations, it can be compared with any other injection, it is accompanied by a slight burning sensation at the time of drug administration.
- Sometimes after the procedure there is a slight malaise, the temperature rises( to 37-38), dizziness occurs. If you experience these side effects, tell your doctor. If the bad state of health does not last a long time, the next session of sclerotherapy is postponed for several weeks.
- If the feet are not properly bandaged, there may be severe swelling. In this case, bandages are removed and put on after a few hours, and at this time the doctor performs symptomatic treatment of the edema. However, within 2 hours after injections, bandages should not be removed at all, even if swelling occurs. To avoid this complication, it is better to use compression stockings: they do not require the ability to wear them and almost never provoke edema.
If the leg is still swollen, stockings can be replaced by less tightening. But this happens rarely, because the degree of compression stocking pre-selected by the doctor, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient's body. - In 10% of patients, skin darkening is observed in the area where the treatment was performed. It passes itself a few months after sclerosing. However, in women taking hormonal drugs, including oral contraceptives, hyperpigmentation of the skin can persist for longer( up to a year after the procedure).
- To complications that do not require treatment, you can include itching, peeling at the injection site. They usually go away in a few days.
- In 1% of cases the sclerosing agent falls into small vessels. As a result, small bubbles appear. They are lubricated with a solution of potassium permanganate, after which they disappear after a few days.
- In rare cases, the patient develops an allergic reaction. It is eliminated with antihistamines and corticosteroids. In the case of the appearance of allergies, further sclerosing is canceled altogether or the sclerosing drug is replaced with another.
- Even more rare complications include vein thrombosis. It occurs only in the case of sclerosing large and deep veins in patients who are prone to clots. The frequency of this complication does not exceed 1 case per 10 000 patients.
Contraindications
It is forbidden to carry out sclerotherapy of veins with:
- pregnancy and lactation;
- severe heart failure, severe heart disease;
- atherosclerosis;
- thrombophlebitis;
- thrombosis, even suffered many years ago;
- inflammatory skin diseases;
- of individual intolerance to sclerosing agents.
