Abscess - what is it?

Causes of abscess and its treatment

Abscess or an abscess is called a place of accumulation of pus, which can appear due to a chronic or acute infection. An abscess develops if there is inflammation of the skin or fiber after the bacteria, microbes and microorganisms get there through damage to the skin.

Types of abscess

example of abscess formation on the photo

With an abscess, the tissues adjacent to the focus of inflammation create a protective barrier in the form of a membrane wall, which limits the penetration of pus beyond its limits. In medicine, there are several types of these dangerous abscesses:

1. Pulmonary.
2. Abscess of the brain.
3. Paratonzolar.
4. Spinal, epidural.
5. Subdiaphragmatic.
6. Abscess of soft tissues.
7. Postinjection.
8. Bezoldo.

Also they are classified by duration: acute and chronic. Any of them gives a strong discomfort and is accompanied by painful sensations.

An abscess can occur on their own, or after injuries, diseases such as tonsillitis or pneumonia.

This disease is not subject to independent treatment, specialist assistance is mandatory.

Symptoms of the disease

An abscess can happen not only on the skin of a person, but also on its internal organs and tissues.

The course of the disease is similar to the symptoms of any purulent inflammation. With this disease, there is general weakness, tenderness in the formation of pus, fever, headache, disruption of the part of the body where it develops.

In the final phase of the disease, a rupture of the skin can occur, which will lead to a natural outgrowth of pus. With the external form of the disease after the release of pus, the abscess loses its shape and volume when completely cleansed. Further, the scar is formed.

It is very important not to allow this to happen, as the consequences can be meningitis, arthritis, peritonitis, pleurisy, perekardit and other purulent processes.

If the abscesses of the skin can be easily diagnosed, then it is more difficult to identify the deep internal forms of the disease.

This requires a blood test, in which an increased number of white blood cells will indicate an inflammatory process.

In some cases, a specialist will prescribe an ultrasound or an X-ray, a puncture.

What is abscessing?

Cases of complications during the treatment of abscesses are quite rare, with timely surgical care being minimal.

The process of abscessing can occur with running abscesses, then the progression of a purulent inflammation, enlargement of the affected area, its transition to a chronic form and to other organs and tissues of the body rights.

Other complications can be a disruption of the functioning of vital organs, the entry of bacteria into the blood, arrosive bleeding, exhaustion of the body due to tissue decay.

Abscess is classified as a surgical disease, so you should not try to cure it yourself at home, you need to contact a specialist.

Causes of the disease

One of the causes of the abscess can be a bacterial infection, usually staphylococcus. This type of pathogenic microorganisms contributes to the weakening of the body's immunity, which helps fight the disease. Get under the skin of the bacterium with small scratches and abrasions.

Another cause of the abscess may be any medical manipulation associated with injections made in a medical institution without following aseptic rules. Or the spread of another inflammatory purulent process, for example a furuncle, to neighboring tissues and organs, that is, abscessing of the main focus.

In addition to the above reasons, the development of the disease can occur by injecting under the skin of substances containing chemistry, suppuration of hemorrhages, development of hematomas.

The size of the abscess can be absolutely different, starting from very small, the size of a grain, to wounds, in which the amount of pus can reach one liter.

Abscess of a postoperative cicatrix

From complications after the operation, no one is immune. The development of an abscess can occur almost after any kind of surgical intervention, even taking antibiotics is not always able to stop the inflammatory process.

The most common causes of abscess of a postoperative cicatrix can be the following:

• The infection could have got into the wound;
• during the operation, subcutaneous fatty tissue was damaged, which provoked hematoma;
• high tissue reactivity in the suture material;
• incorrect postoperative drainage.

The disease does not appear immediately after the operation, but after a week or more, sometimes the time is shortened.

The main signs of an abscess of a postoperative cicatre serve: the raised body temperature which can not be brought down by febrifugal, reddening and a tumescence in the field of a seam, a pain at pressing.

In this disease, as a treatment, usually a course of antibiotics, artificial lowering of body temperature, bed rest, physiotherapy, symptomatic therapy. In the event that the treatment is ineffective, the seam is reopened, cleaned and sewn.

Methods of treatment of abscess

Diagnosing the disease, a specialist, regardless of the place of formation of the abscess, opens it and cleans it of pus.

Often an abscess requires serious surgical intervention, so the patient is hospitalized.

Treatment can be provided on an outpatient basis only in the case of a minor external inflammation.

With abscesses of internal organs, such as the liver or lungs, a surgeon performs a puncture to remove pus and then inserting antibiotics into the released cavity.

After the pus from the wound is removed, the patient is treated the same way as with normal purulent wounds. The patient should eat fully, have a lot of rest and take medication prescribed by the doctor. Special therapy may be required for people with diabetes.

Prevention of disease

Prevention of the disease consists in the aseptic processing of medical instruments, before proceeding to work with them, in the timely treatment of the ill a person to a specialist, in adherence to a patient's scheme and rules of prescribed therapy, in a surgical intervention performed on time, in the correct treatment of wounds, abrasions and scratches.

A source: http://furunkul.com/lechenie-furunkulov/abstsess-chto-eto-takoe.html

Abscess - what is it, why it arises and what to do?

Abscess is an inflammatory disease in which a cavity filled with pus is formed in the affected organ or tissue site. It is surrounded by dense walls, therefore, unlike other purulent-inflammatory diseases, with abscess pus does not spread beyond the cavity.

How does an abscess occur, how dangerous is it and what if it appeared? Our article will answer these questions.

The causes and mechanism of abscess formation

Most often the abscess develops as a result of getting into the body of an infection. In the place where disease-causing germs (a wound, a burn, a cut, a splinter) settled, the usual inflammation develops. This is a normal reaction to the body's defenses, the purpose of which is to exterminate bacteria-strangers.

Symptoms of usual inflammation:

• pain;
• heat;
• swelling of the affected area.

However, a normal inflammatory process can go into a serious, then an abscess occurs. Consider the mechanism of abscess development and the reasons that lead to this.

How is the abscess formed?

These signs of inflammation mean that the body is actively fighting an infection that has fallen into the wound. In the process of this struggle, pus is formed. It consists of the dead immune cells of our body, particles of damaged tissue of still surviving bacteria.

The more bacteria in the wound, the stronger the struggle with them - the more pus accumulates at the site of injury.

If the inflammation is too strong, then there is a risk that with pus bacteria will spread further along the body.

To prevent the spread of infection, the protective mechanism works: a strong capsule - an abscess - forms around the inflammation.

Causes of abscess

There are several reasons why mild inflammation can develop into an abscess. Most often this complication develops due to several species of bacteria, but sometimesaseptic(non-infectious) abscess.

The causes of abscess formation:

• direct infectionthrough damaged skin - for example, with injury, frostbite, open fracture;
• drift of bacteria with blood flowfrom other foci of purulent infection - for example, from a pulpitis-affected tooth or from tonsils in tonsillitis;
• introduction of a chemical- for example, drugs when injected - also can cause an abscess. This develops a special kind of abscess, aseptic. It is called so because its development does not involve infection - for it the body takes a concentrated medication or other irritating chemical substance.

About infectious types of abscesses it is worthwhile to say a few more words.

The main causative agents of infectious abscesses are the so-called pyogenic bacteria: staphylococci and streptococci.

Intruding into the body, they cause a violent inflammatory reaction. Often, they are joined by an E. coli.

Many of the subspecies of these bacteria live peacefully on the surface of the skin, but are absolutely unacceptable in the sterile internal environment of the body.

In addition to these options, it is worth mentioning the so-calledcold abscess. It differs in that it is not accompanied by pronounced symptoms of inflammation (temperature, pain, edema) and arises with the osteoarticular form of tuberculosis.

Classification of abscesses

An abscess can form in any soft tissue. Depending on where the abscess is formed, its following types are distinguished:

• abscess of subcutaneous fat or muscleThis is the most common type of abscess. The reason for it is almost always a minor injury.
• paratonsillar abscessIt forms in the tissues that surround the palatine tonsil and, as a rule, is a complication of purulent sore throat.
• pharyngeal abscess
• abscess of the liverTerrible complication of acute infectious diseases of the abdominal cavity.
• abscess of the lungOften happens as a result of pneumonia or foreign bodies entering the bronchi.
• brain abscessOne of the most severe types, the prognosis of the disease is usually unfavorable.
• abscesses of the pelvic organsOften this is a consequence of chronic infection of female genital organs.
• abscess of intestinal loops
• abscess of appendixAppears as a complication of appendicitis.

This list is far from complete and shows only the most common variants of the location of the abscess.

How is the abscess manifested?

Regardless of where the abscess is located, patients usually complain:

• on high temperature;
• headache;
• weakness;
• intense pain in the affected area.

The very area of ​​the abscess hurts, because there is a violent inflammatory process, and the general negative the condition causes intoxication in patients - poisoning of the body with products of vital activity bacteria.

The remaining symptoms depend on where the abscess is located:

• If the abscess is locatedshallow under the skin, then over it you can see the area of ​​redness on the skin. The abscess is hot and painful to the touch.
• Paratonzillarandretropharyngealabscesses signal themselves with pain when swallowing, and in far-reaching cases - difficulty breathing.
• Having formedin the lungs, the abscess is accompanied by a cough and hemoptysis.
• With defeatpelvic organsSymptoms of inflammation will be pain in the area of ​​female genital organs.

In the internal organs, the abscess causes symptoms similar to other diseases. Nevertheless, an experienced physician can confidently determine this disease.

In this case, the diagnosis is based on the complaints of the patient, the data of laboratory tests, X-ray and ultrasound examination.

In most cases, these data help to correctly diagnose and start treatment on time.

If the abscess formed on the surface, immediately under the skin, then it can easily be determined by a doctor of any specialization when examining the patient.

Principles of treatment

Despite such formidable complications, modern medicine successfully copes with the treatment of this disease.

An abscess can be treated with medicines or surgically:

• drug treatmentThe patient is prescribed antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs and physiotherapy. This helps the body to cope with pus in the inflamed area. Thanks to medicines, the bacteria inside the abscess die, the pus gradually dissolves, and the inflammation passes. However, such treatment is possible only in the initial stage of the disease and only for superficially located abscesses.
• surgical interventionIn other cases, an operation is performed, the purpose of which is to open the abscess and remove pus from the wound through special tubes. The operation quickly improves the patient's well-being and does not give rise to dangerous complications. If the abscess is not deep, surgical intervention is possible without being placed in a hospital - for example, immediately at a polyclinic or at home. After the operation, the patient is daily disinfected with the opened cavity, and he continues to take antibiotics.

Possible complications

If the abscess is not treated, then gradually its capsule softens and pus breaks out. Therefore, the consequences of delayed treatment can be quite severe.

Even the most harmless superficial abscess can break through, for example, into a blood vessel, and cause thereby a blood poisoning.

In addition, the abscess itself compresses surrounding tissues and disrupts their function.

If a pulmonary abscess breaks out, pneumothorax arises - an accumulation of air in the pleural cavity, which prevents normal breathing.

Abscess of the brain, disrupts the structure of the tissue in the cranium, leading to persistent disruption of the brain (speech, consciousness, paralysis).

The pharyngeal abscess can mechanically interfere with the passage of air through the respiratory tract and thereby impede breathing and even lead to suffocation.

A source: http://kozhnye-zabolevaniya.ru/abstsess-chto-eto-takoe-pochemu-voznikaet-i-chto-delat

Abscess

Abscess- a limited accumulation of pus in various tissues and organs. Abscess should be distinguished from phlegmon (diffuse purulent inflammation of the tissues) and empyema (pus accumulation in body cavities and hollow organs).

The causative agent of this form of purulent process is most often staphylococcus (as the only source or in association with streptococcus, Escherichia coli, proteus and other microflora species).

Ways of penetration of microbes and the way of development of abscesses are numerous: skin lesions (microtraumas), spread of infection from primary foci (furuncle), suppuration of the hematoma (limited accumulation of blood), cysts (capsule-limited congestion fluid), the introduction of concentrated solutions of soft drugs into soft tissues, lymphogenic metastasis of a purulent infection and other.

A special feature of the abscess is the presence of a pyogenic membrane - the inner wall of a purulent cavity created by the surrounding tissue inflammation (the manifestation of a normal protective reaction of the body). The pyogenic membrane is lined with granulation tissue, it delimits the purulent-necrotic process and produces exudate.

Depending on the location, the surface (in the subcutaneous basis) and the deep (in the organs, tissues and cavities) are abscesses.

Superficial abscesses are characterized by classic symptoms of acute inflammation: skin flushing, swelling, local soreness, local fever and impaired function.

When tuberculosis spondylitis pus often spreads through the interstitial fissures far from the place the initial occurrence (for example, on the medial surface of the thigh), forming a persistent abscess (bunting).

Common clinical manifestations of abscesses are typical for purulent-inflammatory processes of any localization: increase body temperature from subfebrile to 41 ° (in severe cases), general malaise, weakness, loss of appetite, headache pain.

In the blood there is leukocytosis with neutrophilia and a shift of the leukocyte formula to the left. The degree of these changes depends on the severity of the pathological process. In the clinical picture abscesses of various organs have specific signs, due to the localization of the process.

The outcome of an abscess can be:

• spontaneous dissection with a breakout outward (abscess of subcutaneous tissue, mastitis, paraproctitis, etc.);
• breakthrough and emptying into closed cavities (abdominal, pleural, into the joint cavity, etc.);
• a breakthrough in the lumen of the organs communicating with the external environment (intestine, stomach, bladder, bronchi, etc.).

The emptied cavity of the abscess under favorable conditions decreases in size, falls off and undergoes scarring.

With incomplete emptying of the abscess cavity and poor drainage, the process can go on into a chronic fistula.

Breakthrough pus in the closed cavity leads to the development in them of purulent processes (peritonitis, pleurisy, pericarditis, meningitis, arthritis, etc.).

Treatment of abscess

An indispensable factor in the successful fight against various abscesses is their early diagnosis and treatment. This is possible only with timely access to a qualified specialist working in a multi-disciplinary clinic with a modern diagnostic laboratory.

The diagnosis of an abscess is an indication for surgical intervention, the purpose of which (regardless of the localization of the process) is the opening of the purulent cavity, its emptying and draining. Treatment of small superficially located subcutaneous tissue abscesses is performed on an outpatient basis.

If there is a suspicion of an abscess of the internal organs, the patients are subject to urgent hospitalization in the surgical department.

With some abscesses, for example liver, lung, puncture is sometimes performed with aspiration of pus and subsequent injection of antibiotics, enzyme preparations into the abscess cavity.

Treatment after dissection of an abscess is the same as treatment of purulent wounds. The patients are provided with a balanced diet, they can be shown transfusion of blood products, blood substitutes.

Antibiotics prescribe, taking into account the sensitivity to them, microflora. Use means of specific therapy - staphylococcal anatoxin, specific gamma globulin.

With abscesses that develop against the background of diabetes, a correction of the disturbed metabolism is necessary.

The prognosis with the timely begun treatment of superficially located abscesses, easily accessible for surgical intervention, is in most cases favorable. With a late operation, inadequate drainage of the abscess, the process can change into a chronic form and generalize the infection.

A source: http://medinfa.ru/illnlist/01/abscess/

What is an abscess - the causes and the first signs, folk and medicamental therapy

One of the most dangerous complications of various diseases is an abscess.

What is an abscess known to many people is not hearsay - it is a cavity delimited from healthy tissues of the body, filled with purulent exudate.

Often is a complication of infectious lesions or the result of non-compliance with asepsis and antiseptic in the conduct of medical procedures.

Abscess - what is it?

Purulent limited pathological process with the formation of a cavity filled with exudate (excreted fluid from interstitial space with pus). The key moment in the development of a purulent focus is conditionally pathogenic or pathogenic microorganisms.

Abscess is a form of protective reaction of the body, its formation prevents the entry of microbial agents or their toxins into the blood and the development of a common infection of the body - sepsis.

A distinctive detail of the abscess is the presence of a pyogenic membrane or membrane - the walls of the inner The cavity that delimits suppuration from healthy tissues, thereby preventing the entry of pus into healthy tissue. The pyogenic membrane consists of a connective granulation tissue resembling a very thin cartilage, capable of producing exudate.

The clinical picture consists of general and local symptoms.

The degree of severity of symptoms allows to judge the stage of the development of the disease, the presence of complications, the effectiveness of the treatment.

Local or local manifestations of the disease are concentrated in the place of formation of a purulent focus, they include:

• pain;
• redness;
• swelling;
• abnormal tissue or organ function.

Common symptoms characterize the state of the body as a whole, its response to the mechanisms of the pathological process. The most frequent manifestations of an abscess are:

• increased body temperature;
• dizziness;
• weakness, disability;
• pallor of the skin.

Causes

The main cause of development of the abscess are bacteria, viruses, penetrating into tissues, organs of the body.The most common pathogens of purulent lesions are streptococci, staphylococci.The ways of spreading the bacteria are diverse:

1. Penetration of microorganisms through damage to the skin. To develop an abscess, there is a small scratch or wound. In this case, a simple subcutaneous abscess develops.
2. Development of purulent inflammation as complications of other pathology. A furuncle or a small abscess on the skin under certain circumstances (for example, a large microbial load) can gradually be transformed into a focus with pus or phlegmon.
3. Chronic infections and disturbance of natural microflora. Angina or tonsillitis is a danger of developing such a disease as a purulent lung injury.
4. Often purulent abscess appears after various kinds of medical manipulations. This may be due to poor-quality sterilization of instruments or medicines, a violation of the integrity of aseptic dressings, the presence of infections in the staff.

Types of abscess in processes of purulent inflammation

In the processes of purulent inflammation, a variety of species can be distinguished depending on the duration of the course of the pathology, its localization, the type of pathogen.

Depending on these characteristics, a specific tactic of treating the disease is selected: conservative or surgical.

Precise localization of the abscess should be known in order to prevent the development of complications.

By the time of the course of the purulent focus, it is isolated: chronic, acute. Some experts distinguish one more type of course of pathology - the rapid formation of an abscess, the development and breakthrough of which takes no more than a day.

Chronic course is often seen in the lungs, sometimes in the liver, can develop several years. The course of acute abscessing takes no more than a week, while it is more symptomatic than chronic.

By localization

By location, purulent foci are subdivided into external (otherwise, subcutaneous abscess), which are visible to the naked eye, are available for medical manipulation, for internal suppuration of abdominal organs (abscess of the liver) or chest cavity (abscess lung).

The development of ulcers is more predisposed to organs that have a parenchymal structure, while foci with pus in hollow organs, such as the stomach, are extremely rare.

Purulent lesions of deep tissues are singled out: pereglacial and pericillary (paratonsillar) spaces, muscles of the shins.

Stages of

The pathological process of development includes two stages: the stage of development and the stage of a breakthrough.

If the course of purulent inflammation is chronic, the stage of breakthrough is absent, replaced by the stage of an arbitrary change in the structure of the tissue, its restructuring.

The duration of the first stage can vary from several hours to several weeks, accompanied by a deterioration in the general condition of the patient.

Breakthrough abscess - an independent output of pus from the cavity. After the breakthrough, there is a significant improvement in the patient's condition: the temperature decreases, the cavity of purulent inflammation is quickly filled with scar tissue.

Physiologically, this stage lasts for several days. If the breakthrough stage does not come on independently for a long time, then the cavity is opened by surgical intervention in the form of opening the capsule, draining it (emptying).

Diagnostics

To confirm the presence of a purulent foci in the patient, methods of visual examination, palpation (if the abscess is superficial) are used.

Detection of internal abscessing of organs, deep tissues, it is necessary to perform instrumental diagnostics using X-ray or ultrasound.

In both cases, a dark spot with very sharp edges will be visible on the screen or in the picture - the main sign of the presence of a cavity with pus. When carrying out instrumental diagnostics, care should be taken not to provoke an abscess rupture, the exit of pus.

Treatment

Abscess therapy includes surgical and conservative treatment. How to treat an abscess correctly only the doctor can say after the diagnostic measures.

Before using folk remedies should consult with your doctor.

Treatment of uncomplicated abscess takes several days, complete recovery after the disease can take about a month.

People's means

Avoid surgery to help plants and herbs with antiseptic and antibacterial action.

For example, aloe and onion juice have the same antibiotic properties, and the burdock effectively fights inflammation.

A universal prescription for homemade ointments that prevents the development of a purulent focus:

1. Take the dry root of the burdock, grind it and pour it in warm aloe juice.
2. The resulting gruel is applied in the gauze to the site of inflammation, change every two to three hours.

You can prepare a cold infusion for additional exposure to the site of inflammation: dry pharmacy root burdock pour a glass of boiling water, let it brew for several days in a cold dark place.

Then strain, pour into a clean container and wipe the place of inflammation several times a day or apply as a cold compress for several hours. The introduction of this infusion into the cavity is strictly prohibited.

Abscess removal

If the purulent focus for a long time does not erupt, resort to the removal of the abscess surgically. The chronic abscess is not surgically removed. Drainage is subject only to such purulent foci that are available for manipulation.

If necessary, the abscess is opened in an outpatient setting, treated with antibacterial ointments, Apply a sterile bandage and supplement with conservative treatment, prescribe a wide range of antibiotics actions.

Complications

With proper treatment, there are no complications after the abscess, the outcome of the disease is favorable.However, when untimely seeking medical help or misdiagnosis, a purulent abscess can lead to the following consequences:

• necrotic lesions of surrounding tissues or gangrene;
• infectious-toxic shock;
• development of sepsis (in a different way, abscess of blood);
• complete or partial loss of functional tissues of the organ and, as a result, chronic insufficiency.

The severity of complications and the risk of their occurrence depends on many factors:

• localization of the focus;
• the agent of a purulent lesion;
• general condition of the body;
• the consistency of the immune system;
• quality of treatment.

Prevention of abscess

To prevent the development of the disease, it is necessary to closely monitor compliance with the rules of antiseptic medical procedures and after them, to apply for help in a timely manner in case of a suspected development of a purulent inflammation. If you have chronic infections, you should carefully follow the treatment plan prescribed by your doctor. What is an abscess and how does an abscess look like everyone should know in order to timely suspect his presence and call a doctor.

A source: http://sovets.net/12908-chto-takoe-abscess.html

Abscess - symptoms, treatment, autopsy, removal, diagnosis, causes

Abscess (abscess, abscess) is a purulent inflammation accompanied by melting of tissues and the formation of a pus filled with pus. It can be formed in muscles, subcutaneous tissue, bones, in internal organs or in the surrounding cellulose.

Source: lecenie.ru

Causes of abscess and risk factors

The cause of the abscess is pyogenic microflora, which penetrates the patient's body through mucosal damages shells or skin, or is carried with blood flow from another primary focus of inflammation (hematogenous way).

The causative agent in most cases becomes a mixed microbial flora, in which staphylococci and streptococci predominate in combination with various kinds of rods, for example, E. coli. In recent years, the role of anaerobes (clostridia and bacteroides), as well as the association of anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms in the development of abscesses, has significantly increased.

Sometimes there are situations when pus obtained from the dissection of an abscess when sown on traditional nutrient media does not give rise to microflora.

This indicates that in these cases, the disease is caused by uncharacteristic pathogens, which can not be detected with conventional diagnostic methods.

To some extent, this explains the cases of abscesses with atypical flow.

With the development of purulent inflammation, the body's defense system tends to localize it, which leads to the formation of a limiting capsule.

Forms of the disease

Depending on the location:

• subdiaphragmatic abscess;
• pharyngeal;
• paratonzillar;
• oclo-pharyngeal;
• soft tissues;
• lung;
• brain;
• prostate gland;
• periodontal;
• intestines;
• pancreas;
• scrotum;
• Douglas space;
• appendicular;
• liver and subhepatic; and etc.

According to the peculiarities of clinical course, the following forms of abscess are distinguished:

1. Hot, or sharp. It is accompanied by a pronounced local inflammatory reaction, as well as a violation of the general condition.
2. Cold. It differs from the usual abscess by the absence of general and local signs of the inflammatory process (fever, redness, pain). This form of the disease is typical for certain stages of actinomycosis and osteoarticular tuberculosis.
3. Sick. The formation of a site of pus accumulation does not lead to the development of an acute inflammatory reaction. The formation of an abscess occurs for a long time (up to several months). It develops against the background of the osteoarticular form of tuberculosis.

Symptoms of abscess

The clinical picture of the disease is determined by many factors and, above all, the site of localization of the purulent process, the cause of the abscess, its size, the stage of formation.

Symptoms of an abscess localized in superficial soft tissues are:

• swelling;
• redness;
• sharp soreness;
• increase in local, and in some cases, overall temperature;
• violation of function;
• fluctuation.

Abscesses of the abdominal cavity are manifested by the following signs:

• intermittent fever with a hectic type of temperature curve, i.e., subject to significant fluctuations during the day;
• severe chills;
• tachycardia;
• headache, musculo-articular pain;
• lack of appetite;
• severe weakness;
• nausea and vomiting;
• delay in the escape of gases and stools;
• tension of the muscles of the abdominal wall.

When the abscess is localized in the sub-diaphragm area, patients may be disturbed by shortness of breath, cough, pain in the upper half of the abdomen, which increases at the time of inspiration and radiates into the shoulder blade and shoulder.

With pelvic abscesses there is a reflex irritation of the rectum and bladder, which is accompanied by the appearance of tenesmus (false urge to defecate), diarrhea, frequent urination.

The retroperitoneal abscesses are accompanied by pain in the lower parts of the back, the intensity of which increases with the bending of the legs in the hip joints.

Symptoms of cerebral abscess are similar to those of any other voluminous formation (cysts, tumors, hematomas) and may vary in a very wide range, ranging from a minor headache and ending with severe cerebral symptoms.

For lung abscess, a significant increase in body temperature, accompanied by a pronounced chill.

Patients complain of pain in the chest, intensifying when trying to take a deep breath, shortness of breath and a dry cough.

After the opening of the abscess in the bronchi, there is a strong cough with abundant sputum discharge, after which the patient's condition begins to improve rapidly.

Abscesses in the area of ​​the oropharynx (peropharyngeal, paratonzillar, okologoblotny) in most cases develop as a complication of purulent sore throat. They are characterized by the following symptoms:

• severe pain giving to the teeth or ear;
• sensation of foreign body in the throat;
• muscle spasm, preventing the opening of the mouth;
• soreness and swelling of regional lymph nodes;
• increased body temperature;
• insomnia;
• weakness;
• nasal voice;
• appearance of an unpleasant putrefactive odor from the mouth.

Diagnosis of abscess

Superficially located abscesses of soft tissues do not cause difficulties in diagnosis.

With a deeper location, it may be necessary to perform ultrasound and / or diagnostic puncture.

The material obtained during the puncture is sent to a bacteriological study that allows to identify the causative agent of the disease and determine its sensitivity to antibiotics.

It is much more difficult to diagnose abscesses of the brain, abdominal cavity, lungs. In this case, an instrumental survey is carried out, which may include:

• Ultrasound of the abdominal cavity and pelvis;
• magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography;
• radiography.

In a general blood test for any localization of the abscess, signs characteristic of acute inflammatory process (increase in the number of leukocytes, a shift of the leukocyte formula to the left, an increase ESR).

Treatment of abscess with anti-inflammatory therapy

In the initial stage of development of abscess of superficial soft tissues, anti-inflammatory therapy is prescribed.

After maturation of the abscess, its opening is performed, usually on an outpatient basis.

Hospitalization is indicated only in case of severe general condition of the patient, anaerobic nature of the infection process.

Treatment of lung abscess begins with the appointment of broad-spectrum antibiotics. After receiving the antibiotic, antibiotic therapy is adjusted taking into account the sensitivity of the pathogen.

In the presence of indications to improve the outflow of purulent contents, bronchoalveolar lavage is performed.

The ineffectiveness of conservative treatment of an abscess is an indication for surgical intervention - resection (removal) of the affected area of ​​the lung.

Treatment of cerebral abscesses in most cases is surgical, as they can lead to the dislocation of the brain and cause death.

Contraindication to the removal of abscesses is their localization in deep and vital structures (subcortical nuclei, brain stem, visual hillock).

In this case, they resort to a puncture of the abscess cavity, removal of the purulent contents by aspiration, followed by washing the cavity with an antiseptic solution. If repeated rinsing is required, the catheter through which it is conducted is left in the cavity for a while.

Abscesses of the abdominal cavity are surgically removed.

Possible consequences and complications

Abscesses with untimely treatment can lead to serious complications:

• neuritis;
• osteomyelitis;
• phlegmon;
• Purulent meltdown of the blood vessel wall with the emergence of a life-threatening bleeding;
• purulent meningitis;
• empyema of the pleura;
• peritonitis;
• sepsis.

Forecast

The prognosis depends on the localization of the abscess, the timeliness and adequacy of the treatment. Abscesses of subcutaneous tissue usually result in complete recovery.

With cerebral abscesses, the prognosis is always very serious, lethal outcome is observed in 10% of cases, and in 50% of patients develops permanent disability.

Prevention

Prevention of the development of abscesses is aimed at preventing the entry of pathogenic pyogenic microflora into the patient's body and includes the following measures:

• careful adherence to asepsis and antiseptics in medical interventions accompanied by damage to the skin;
• timely conduct of primary surgical treatment of wounds;
• active sanation of foci of chronic infection;
• increase the body's defenses.

A source: http://www.neboleem.net/abscess.php

Abscess. Symptoms, causes and treatment of abscess

In this article, we will talk about such a disease asabscess, or as we often call it -abscess.

Abscess (abscess)- a local accumulation of pus caused by a chronic or acute local infection.

An abscess can occur on its own or as a complication of injuries and other diseases (eg, sore throats or pneumonia). It can affect bones, muscles, subcutaneous fat, internal organs and the space between them.

Causes of abscess

The cause of the abscess is found in pathogens, most often viruses and bacteria, which, through damage to the skin or mucous membrane, enter the body. In addition, the abscess can develop in the internal organs and for no apparent reason, because

different microorganisms and so in a certain amount are in a person, but not in an active form.

Abscess, in fact, is a protective capsule of the body from the infection attempt to infect it. It accumulates the infection in one place, protecting healthy tissues from inflammatory processes, as a result of which we can observe an abscess.

Symptoms of abscess primary

The emergence of an abscess first thing is indicated by the appearance of a painful solid node with reddening in a circle. After a while (from 2 days to 2 weeks), a capsule filled with pus is formed at the site of the node.

Such an abscess is immediately evident, since it is located in the cellulose under the skin, dermis or muscle.

If the abscess is located on the internal organs, diagnosing them is much more difficult, but for effective treatment, it's archival !.

Common symptoms of abscess:

- redness of the skin; - soreness in the place of inflammation;

- elevated body temperature;

- swelling; - impaired function of the body;

- headache;

- general weakness, malaise;

- loss of appetite.

If signs of abscess appear, consult a surgeon immediately!!! Opening the abscess yourself - is unacceptable, because there is a risk of complications.

After the abscess has opened, the emptied cavity, with proper care and conditions, can be scarred. If the cavity is not completely emptied, then the inflammatory process can go on into a chronic form.

It is very important not to allow the abscess to break into the closed cavities, tk. this can lead to the appearance of purulent processes, such as: meningitis, pericarditis, arthritis, pleurisy, peritonitis, etc.

Complications of abscess:

- break abscess out or inside; - the spread of infection throughout the body; Bacteremia (ingestion of bacteria in blood); - Arrosive bleeding; - generalization of infection (transition to a chronic form); - dysfunction of vital bodies;

- depletion caused by tissue decay.

Types of abscess

Abscess is classified by duration, as well as by localization.

By the duration of the current:

- Acute abscess;
- chronic abscess.

By location (location):

Abscess of soft tissues.Includes an abscess on the skin, fatty tissue, muscle and cold abscess (with bone tuberculosis).

Abscess of the oral cavity.It affects the gums, tongue, cheeks, and the sky.

Appendicular abscess.This type is a complication of acute appendicitis (an abscess with a vermiform appendage).

Abscess of Bezold.It is a deep abscess under the neck muscles.

Abscess of the brain.The abscess is located in the brain substance.

Abscess of the lung.It is necrosis of the lung tissue with the formation of cavities.

Pharyngopharyngeal abscess.Is a complication of acute infection. It is manifested by suppurative inflammation of the lymph nodes and retropharyngeal space.

Abscess of small pelvis.It is located near the rectum.

Abscess of intestinal.In the area between the intestinal loops and the abdominal wall.

Abscess parathonsillar.Is a complication of phlegmonous sore throat. It is located near the palatine tonsil.

Abscess of the liver.It is located in the liver. The etiology is divided into amoebic and bacterial.

Abscess is subdiaphragmatic.It occurs due to injuries, inflammation or surgical interventions, located under the diaphragm.

Spinal epidural abscess.It affects the cellulose surrounding the spinal cord.

Diagnosis of abscess

A specialist can easily see and diagnose a superficial abscess, but a deep internal abscess is not easy to diagnose.

For the diagnosis of an abscess appoint:

- blood test;
- Radiography or ultrasound (ultrasound);
- computed tomography (CT);
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Treatment of abscess

Most often, after diagnosis, the doctor (surgeon) prescribes surgical treatment of the abscess. The doctor opens the purulent cavity, empties it with subsequent drainage. If the abscess is superficial and small, an autopsy can be performed at the dispensary.

If the abscess is internal and located on internal organs, the patient needs urgent hospitalization in a surgical hospital.

Abscess of the lung and liver are treated by puncture with aspiration of pus and the introduction of antibiotics and enzyme preparations into the abscess cavity.

Antibiotics are prescribed after diagnosis, after determining the type of causative agent of infection, tk. various pathogens are treated with certain antibacterial drugs.

After opening the abscess, the patient is assigned:

- adhere to the proper nutrition, rich in vitamins; - detoxification therapy;

- antibacterial agents are prescribed.

Treatment of abscess with folk remedies

Abscess belongs to surgical diseases, therefore it requires an operative intervention by a specialist. If you treat yourself to treatment, there is a risk of complications of the abscess, so if you decide to treat an abscess in your home, be sure to consult a doctor!

Aloe.Apply to the site of the superficial abscess the cut aloe leaf, gauze moistened with aloe juice or aloe vera in a bandage. Change the agent every 10 hours.

Bow.Rub the raw onion into a fine slurry, wrap it in gauze and attach it to the sore spot. Change the lotion every 4 hours.

You can also boil the bulb in milk or bake it in the oven and attach, without waiting for complete cooling.

Onion and soap.Bake the onion and rub it with baby soap (:). Apply to a sore spot and change every 5 hours.

Honey ointment.Take in equal proportions honey, Vishnevsky ointment and alcohol (by no means vodka!). Mix all ingredients uniformly and apply under a bandage for the night.

Bread.Raspare rye bread and warm to attach to the sore spot, cover with cabbage leaf, wrap paper and bandage. Leave the compress for a day.

Potatoes.Peel the raw potatoes, grate them on a large grater and attach the gruel to the sore spot, for no more than 4 hours.

Plantain.Fresh cut pure leaves of plantain grind and attach to a superficial abscess. Change every 4 hours.

Burdock.Fresh root of an annual burdock pozhujte on an empty stomach and put this mass on a sore spot for 1 day.

Also make infusion of burdock. 1 tbsp. a spoonful of dry burdock root pour 1 cup of boiling water and leave to stand for night. Drink this glass with decoction in the morning immediately after chewing fresh root.

The horsetail.Take 3 tbsp. spoons of grass horsetail field, as much grass heather and 4 tbsp. spoons of goldenrod grass. 1 tbsp.

But hold only in a warm state, when it cools down, remove it.

Vegetable oil with propolis.100 g of vegetable oil bring to a boil and cool to a temperature of 50-60 ° C.

Add 10 g of purified and crushed propolis wax. After stirring constantly, heat the mixture for 10 minutes to 70-80 ° C.

In the hot form, strain through gauze and apply the ointment to the abscess.

Prevention of abscess

Prevention of abscess includes compliance with hygiene, antiseptic, asepsis and timely correct treatment of wounds and abrasions.

A source: http://medicina.dobro-est.com/abstsess-simptomyi-prichinyi-i-lechenie-abstsessa.html