Hip joint: structure, anatomy in man

Hip joint and its pathology

The hip joint is the junction of the pelvic bone, into the groove of which the femur bone enters with its head. The deepening of the joint is a hemispherical cavity called the acetabulum.

Structure of the joint

Anatomy of the hip joint is quite complicated, but it provides wide opportunities for movement.

The edge of the deepening of the hip bone is formed by a fibrous cartilaginous tissue, because of which the cavity acquires the maximum depth.

The total depth of the cavity is greater than the hemisphere because of this rim.

The inner part of the cavity is covered with cartilaginous tissue, formed hyaluron, in the place where the cavity is located close to the cartilage covering the head of the femur.

On the surface of the connective tissue there is a synovial membrane.

The rim of the fibers of the cartilaginous tissue along the edges of the cavity, called the joint lip, fits snugly against the head of the hip bone and holds this bone. The lip continues with a transverse ligament.

Under this bunch there is a space filled with a loose connective tissue.

In the thickness there are vessels and nerve endings that are directed towards the head of the thigh and pass into the head itself through the fibers of the ligament.

The joint capsule is attached to the pelvis behind the lip. The capsule is very strong. It can only be mechanically affected by the application of a large force. The neck of the femur mostly enters the joint capsule and is fixed in it.

The iliac-lumbar muscle is attached to the capsule front. In this area, the thickness of the capsule is minimal, so 10-12% of people in this area can form a bag filled with synovial fluid.

Articular ligaments

The structure of the hip joint also includes a system of ligaments. A bundle of the femoral head is located inside the joint. The tissue that forms the ligament is covered with the synovial membrane.

The fibers of the ligament contain the blood vessels of the circulatory system and go to the head of the thigh. The deepening (small fovea) in the central part inside the cavity of the articular cavity is the area in which the ligament begins.

It ends in the pit of the head of the femur. The bundle is easily stretched even if the hip head falls out of the acetabulum.

The strength of the connection of the bones is ensured by the fact that the bundle of the femoral head fills the space between the inner surface acetabulum and the head of the thigh, arising at the time of movement, except for the ligament, this space is filled with synovial liquid

The strongest ligament in the whole human body belongs to the hip joint. This is the ileum-femoral ligament. Its thickness is -10 mm.

A ligament begins from the anterior lower vertebrae of the iliac wing and ends on the femur's interverbial line, diverging to it with a fan.

Thanks to this bunch, the thigh does not bend inwards.

Due to powerful muscles and strong ligaments on the front surface of the hip joint, the vertical position of the human torso is provided.

Only these parts of the joint ensure the retention in the vertical position of the trunk and pelvis balancing on the heads of the femurs. The inhibition of extension is provided by the developed ileal-femoral ligament.

Movement in the direction of extension can be performed at a maximum of 7-13 degrees.

A much less developed sciatic-femoral ligament. It passes over the back of the joint. Its beginning is a portion of the ischium that participates in the formation of the acetabulum. The direction of the bundle fibers is outward and upward.

The ligament intersects with the posterior surface of the femoral neck. Partially, the fibers that form the bundle are intertwined into the joint bag. The rest of the ligament ends at the posterior edge of the large trochanter bone.

Thanks to the bunch, the movement of the hip is slowed inward.

On the lower surface of the hip joint is a thin pubic-femoral ligament

From the pubic bone, the ligament goes outward and backward. Fibers are attached to a small trochanter of the femur and partially weave into the joint capsule. If the hip joint is in an unbent position, then this hamstring is hindered by the abduction of the hip.

In the thickness of the capsule of the joint pass collagen ligament fibers, called the circular zone. Fix these fibers to the middle of the neck of the thigh.

Physiology of the joint

Around the frontal axis can be made movement with the maximum swing. The frontal axis passes through the head of the femur. The swing can be 122 degrees if the knee joint is bent. Further movement is inhibited by the anterior wall of the abdomen.

Extension of the hip joint is possible no more than 7-13 degrees from the vertical line. The further movement in this direction is limited by the stretching of the ileo- femoral ligament.

If the hip makes a further movement backwards, then this is ensured by the bending of the spine in the lumbar region.

Read more:Symptoms of hip dysplasia

To withdraw the hip by 100 degrees is possible in a bent position, since in this case a large spit turns back. Around the vertical axis, the thigh can move 40-50 degrees.

To make a circular motion with your foot, you need to move around the three axes simultaneously.

The hip joint provides the movement of the pelvis, not just the hips. That is, the movements of the body relative to the hips occur in the hip joint. In the course of various actions, such movements are made.

For example, if a person goes, at certain points one leg stands and serves as a supporting leg, and at that time the pelvis commits movement relative to the thigh of the supporting leg. The amplitude of these movements depends on the anatomical features of the structure of the skeleton.

Such factors influence it:

1. the angle of the neck of the thigh;
2. the size of a large trochanter;
3. size of the wings of the ilium.

These parts of the skeleton determine the angle between the vertical axis of movement that passes through the head of the thigh to the point of support in the foot, and the longitudinal axis of the femur. This angle is usually 5-7 degrees.

The angle between the main part of the femur and its neck at birth is 150 degrees, in an adult this angle is less: for women - 112-118 degrees, for men - 125

At the same time, if a person is standing on one leg and balancing on this fulcrum, a lever mechanism is used, the upper arm lever - from the top of the large spit to the crest of the ilium - is greater than the distance from the thigh to the hip bones. The traction towards a greater distance will be stronger, so in the position on one leg the pelvis will shift to the supporting leg.

Because of the larger size of the upper arm arm in the female skeleton, a woman's swinging gait develops.

What does the radiograph of the hip joint show?

A radiograph of the hip joint allows visualization of the contours of the edges and the bottom of the acetabulum. But maybe it's only at the age of 12-14. The compact plate of the acetabulum from the side of the pit is thin, and from the bottom - thick.

The neck-diaphyseal angle depends on the age of the patient. In newborns, the norm is 150 degrees, for children aged 5 years - 140 degrees, for adults - 120-130.

Quite often on the roentgenogram of the hip joint of elderly patients, the calcification of the joint lip is found.

Causes of pain in the hip joint

Pain in the hip joint area can indicate not only directly on the pathology that affected this part of the musculoskeletal system.

Painful sensations here can indicate the pathology of the abdominal cavity organs, the reproductive system, the spine (lumbar region).

It is often enough pain in the hip joint to be given to the knee.

The causes of pain in the joint are divided into the following groups:

• injuries;
• anatomical features and diseases of local origin (joint, its ligaments, surrounding muscles);
• irradiation of pain in diseases of other organs and systems;
• systemic diseases.

Traumatic lesion of the hip joint can take the form of dislocation, bruising, stretching. This group of causes of pain includes fractures of the pelvis, femoral neck in the region of large and small thighs, fatigue fractures (or stress fractures) in the same areas.

The greatest danger to health is a fracture of the neck of the thigh

He also requires the most complex treatment and long-term rehabilitation. Pain can cause joint rupture, partial or complete ruptures of muscle fibers, stretching of muscles and ligaments, dislocation of the hip. To traumatic lesions also include APS-syndrome and APC-syndrome.

Diseases and pathological changes that cause pain in the hip joint include:

1. osteonecrosis of the head of the femur;
2. coxarthrosis;
3. bursitis (vertebral, iliac crest, sedateral);
4. syndrome of the femur-acetabular collision;
5. formation of free intraarticular bodies;
6. clicking hip;
7. pear-shaped muscle syndrome;
8. tenosynovitis and tendinitis;
9. proximal syndrome;
10. osteoporosis.

Irradiation in the hip joints can cause pain in diseases of other organs and systems:

• neuralgia;
• hernia of inguinal;
• diseases of the spine;
• sports pobalia.

Systemic diseases that cause painful sensations in the hip joint include all types of arthritis, leukemia, infectious lesions of the hip joint, Paget's disease.

Also, pain in the joint can be a sign of cancer damage of a primary or secondary nature. Osteomyelitis is one of the possible causes of pain. Often pain causes a complex of causes, since many of the pathologies of the hip joint can be related.

In childhood, there are some special causes of pain in the hip joint:

1. juvenile rheumatoid arthritis;
2. epiphysiolysis;
3. Still's disease;
4. Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, etc.

The hip joint transfers serious loads and participates in almost any movement of the body, so its condition must be taken seriously.

When pain occurs, it is recommended to immediately contact the clinic for diagnosis. Most often in diagnostic purposes, an x-ray is assigned.

A source: http://MoyaSpina.ru/info/tazobedrennyy-sustav-patologii

Hip Joint

What role is played by the hip joint, human anatomy and the functions of this compound - these questions are of interest to many people. One of the most important abilities of a person is walking.

This ability of a person is realized thanks to the unique structure of the hip joint, which consists of an acetabulum located on the hip bone and the head of the femur. This joint is similar in its anatomy and functions to that of the shoulder joint.

The distinctive feature is that the thigh is less mobile than the shoulder, and the main difference is that the hip joint must be stable, powerful and more static support for the entire human body, since the lower limbs carry a greater load than upper.

By the way, it is thanks to this natural structure of this joint that it is much less likely to undergo dislocations and other injuries than the shoulder one.

The basic properties of the hip joint, through which a person can walk, run, jump, play sports:

• the ability to move with respect to different axes;
• support;
• flexion and extension;
• lead and lead;
• a whole set of rotational actions of the thigh.

What is the structure of the hip joint

The main components of the human hip joint are bone, muscle tissue and ligaments.

The structure of the hip joint determines the large role of the cartilaginous tissue of the joint.

The articular cartilage, which actually envelops the appearance of the head of the femur and the very acetabulum, is characterized by strength, smoothness and elasticity.

The cartilage located in the hip joint acts as a porous sponge - when squeezed from it the articular fluid exudes, and when weaken, the liquid again fills its porous structure.

This liquid, which forms a protective film, is necessary to lubricate the surface, both cartilage and the compound itself. The structure of the hip section includes a capsule and ligaments.

The hip joint is placed in a special strong capsule, which is fastened to the pelvic bone with the support of the joint lip from behind, and directly to the thigh itself in front. In fact, the entire neck of the thigh is in this capsule.

As for the ligaments, the iliac-femoral is the strongest of them in this section of the skeleton, the main function of which is to prevent rotation inside and extension of the thigh. The thickness of this bundle is up to 10 mm.

This connecting part is necessary in the structure of a person for balancing and holding the human body in an upright position.

The sciatic-femoral ligament located behind is no less important in the structure of the joint, because thanks to it the movement of the thigh into the anatomically is impossible. This ligament rises from the ischium and is directed upwards. At the same time, the sciatic-femoral ligament partially enters the joint bag and connects to the trochanter of the femur itself.

In the joint sinus is placed a bundle of the head of the thigh, which consists of loose tissue.

The main purpose of this component of the hip joint is a connecting role, it provides a strong connection when moving. Along with this, in the plane of this ligament are placed the vessels directed to the head of the femur.

The pubic-femoral ligament and the circular ligament zone are equally important. The first is a bundle of fibers, the main function of which is to prevent the entire hip from being withdrawn.

But the circular arrangement of the second ligament corresponds to the rotational movements of the thigh.

Anatomy of the hip defines the maximum span of the thigh - up to 122 degrees along the head of the femur or the frontal axis of the joint, if the knee is bent.

Due to the tension of the ileum-femoral ligament, the extension in this department is up to 13 degrees.

Turning the hip (reduction and retraction) around the sagittal axis with a straight leg is possible up to 45 degrees, but when the knee joint is bent, the lead is carried out for 100 degrees.

In the harmonious work of the hip joint, muscle tissue plays an important role. In this department, muscle tissue is quite massive, and it is designed to ensure the proper functioning of the joint. When moving (running, walking), muscles act as active shock absorbers.

Note that the most important in this part of the body are gluteal and hip muscles, which must be actively developed and trained. A reasonable load on the muscles of the buttocks and thighs is an excellent preventive measure, which helps to reduce the frequency and level of injuries.

The blood supply of the hip joint follows the blocking and gluteal arteries, in the opposite direction the blood passes through the iliac and deep vein of the department.

Lymph in this part of the body penetrates the obstructive canal, and the outflow is carried out with the participation of internal iliac lymph nodes.

Possible damage to the joint and the causes of painful sensations in it

Bones, muscles, ligaments of the hip joint and the rest of its components must be guarded and trained as much as possible.

Often, for the normal operation of this joint, you just need to lead a dynamic and healthy lifestyle.

However, even so, adults and children can feel discomfort and pain in the hip section.
The main factors of pain can be:

1. Injuries - this can be a variety of physical disorders of the capsule and ligaments, ruptures, fractures, bruises, stretching of the muscles and other mechanical injuries.
2. Separate features of the joint of each person. In this case, their own influence can have congenital pathologies and defects.
3. Diseases and damage to other parts of the body. In such cases, the pain that overcomes the other organ can "give" to the pelvic or hip region.
4. Systemic chronic diseases. This applies not only to diseases that are directly related to the joint (arthrosis, arthritis, tendinitis), but also other diseases (eg, leukemia, tuberculosis, or infectious disease).

Due to the high stress on the hip joint throughout the life of a person, this department is often subjected to a variety of injuries. Most often, several types of damage are diagnosed, for each of them, consultation and examination of the doctor are mandatory!

Some of the damages:

1. Injury. With bruises, the muscles that are in the joint region also suffer.
2. Dislocation. Dislocated more serious damage, requiring joint adjustment.
3. Fracture of the neck of the thigh.

This trauma is common in the elderly, but by negligence and at a young age you can get this damage.

Initially, in the treatment of this injury, stretching and applying a cast bandage is necessary.

In case of unsuccessful therapy, the doctor can prescribe an operation (osteosynthesis).
Thus, the hip joint performs very important functions in the human body.

In the case of injuries, injuries or diseases of this joint, it is necessary to consult a doctor for diagnosis and the appointment of an effective treatment.

A source: http://1PoSustavam.ru/tazobedrennyj/tazobedrennyj-sustav-anatomiya-cheloveka.html

Anatomy of the hip joint: structure, muscles, ligaments

Our Mother Nature is an engineer with unique abilities. In any human body, there is nothing superfluous - any organ or part of the body are important elements of the whole organism.

Without them, we could not fully exist on earth. Any system deserves responsible attention, including musculoskeletal.

This is a kind of frame on which almost all organs are held, in connection with which the anatomy of the hip joint should be known to each of us.

What is the hip joint?

Movement is life, and hardly anyone is going to challenge this statement. Rather, any person will agree with him.

It is due to the presence of the hip joint that the upper body is connected to the lower limbs. In this case, the joint is characterized by great mobility in almost any direction.

Thanks to him, we move, take a sitting position and can make other movements.

The hip joint is the strongest part of the skeletal system, since it takes a lot of work when we do a run, we just go for a leisurely walk or hurry up to work. And so throughout life.

It can be guessed that with the occurrence of any pathology of the rolling stock this can lead to different consequences: from the lungs to the heaviest. Not everyone will be pleased with the prospect of being chained to a cot for a long time.

Structure of the joint - anatomy

Anatomy of the hip joint is formed by the union of the pelvic and femur, and in form it resembles a bowl.

More precisely, it is a combination of the acetabulum of the pelvic bone with the head of the femur with the help of ligaments and cartilages, which are very many.

And the head of the femur is immersed in this cavity more than half.

The hyaline cartilage covers the very cavity, as well as most of the joint. And those places in which the muscles are connected with the joint, are covered with fiber on the basis of loose tissue. Inside the pelvic cavity, connective tissue is present in the environment of the synovial fluid.

Nevertheless, it has some vulnerabilities.

From the inside, the acetabulum is lined with a connective tissue through which blood vessels and nerve endings pass.

Functional purpose and motor task

Anatomy of the hip joint provides the main motor function for a person - walking, running and so on. Freedom of movement is observed in any plane or direction. In addition, the bone skeleton keeps the whole body in the right position, forming a correct posture.

The joint ensures flexion and extension of the person. And the flexion is almost unlimited, except for the abdominal muscles, and the angle can be up to 122 degrees.

But you can only straighten up to a corner of 13 degrees. At the same time, the ileum-femoral ligament, stretching, starts to slow down the movement.

In the further movement back, the waist is already taking part.

The joint also provides external and internal rotation of the hip due to movement relative to the vertical axis. Normally, the rotation angle is 40-50 degrees.

Due to the spherical structure (the anatomy of the hip joint is distinguished by this characteristic feature), it becomes possible to perform pelvic rotation with respect to the lower limbs.

The optimum amplitude is determined by the size of the wings of the ilium, the large trochanter and the angle of the two axes (vertical and longitudinal) of the thigh. Here everything depends on the angle of the neck of the thigh, which changes as the person grows up.

Therefore, this affects the change in the gait of people.

Thus, it is possible to distinguish the basic functions of the hip joint:

• the main support for the pelvis;
• ensuring the connection of bones;
• the ability to bend and unbend limbs;
• lead, reduction of legs;
• the movement of the limbs inward and outward;
• the possibility of a circular rotation of the thigh.

Based on this, one can understand how important this joint is to our body.

Bundles

For the performance of the main functions, the ligaments of the hip joint respond. Human anatomy has several of their types. Each of them has its own name:

1. ilio-femoral (lig. iliofemorale);
2. pubic-femoral ligament (lig. pubofemorale);
3. ischial-femoral (lig. ischiofemorale);
4. ligament of the head of the femur (lig. capitis femoris).

All this is formed in a single system, which allows you to make different movements.

The ileum-femoral ligament

In the whole body, it is the strongest, since it takes on the whole load. Its thickness is not more than -10 mm. The ligament originates in the upper part of the joint and continues to the bottom, touching the bone of the thigh. In form it resembles a fan in the open state.

The bundle is so arranged that, in her absence, the thigh would simply curl inward, which would create certain difficulties in moving. It is the iliac-femoral ligament that protects the joint from cranking.

Lkovo-femoral ligament

Thin fibers, gathered in a bundle, form ligaments, due to which the hip joint performs its function. Human anatomy is not only strong, but also weak ligaments.

The pubic part of the pelvic bone is the beginning of the ligament. Then it goes down to the femur, where the small spit is located, and right up to the vertical axis.

The main task of the ligament is to ensure the inhibition of the removal of the femur with human movement.

The sciatic-femoral ligament

The location of the sciatic-femoral ligament is the back of the joint. Its source is on the anterior surface of the ischial pelvic bone.

Fibers not only wrap around the neck of the hip, but some of them pass through the joint bag. The rest of the fibers are attached to the femur near the large trochanter.

the task is to slow the movement of the hip inwards.

Bundle of femoral head

This bunch does not have much of a load, since in this place a special structure of the hip joint.

The anatomy of the ligament includes the blood vessels holding the path from the femoral head, and the nerve endings located between the fibers. The structure of the ligament is similar to a loose tissue covered with synovial membrane.

It is located in the joint cavity and begins with the depth of the acetabulum of the pelvic bone, and ends in the indentation on the head of the thigh.

The bond strength is not different, and therefore can easily stretch. In this connection, it is not difficult to damage it. Despite this, a strong connection of bones and muscles during movement is ensured.

In this case, a cavity is formed inside the joint, which is filled with this ligament together with the synovial fluid. A so-called gasket is created, due to which the strength is increased.

Do not be this bundle, you can not avoid a strong rotation of the hip outside.

Muscles

Without ligaments, it would be impossible to make a reliable connection of the bones to each other. However, in addition to them, an important role is played by the muscles of the hip joint.

The anatomy of the fibers differs in a rather massive structure, so that the joint works correctly. In the course of a person's movement, whether running or walking, muscle fibers act as shock absorbers.

That is, they are able to reduce the burden on the bones during running, making jumps, and also with an unsuccessful fall.

Thanks to these muscles, not only movements in the joint are provided, we can tilt our body. The muscles in front of the thigh are responsible for its flexion, and the rear band for extension.

The medial group is responsible for the tap and hip drive.

Articular bags

In addition to ligaments, bags of the hip joint are also important.

Their anatomy is a cavity that is lined with a connective tissue and is filled with synovial fluid.

Like muscles, the bag also can work as a shock absorber by preventing friction between layers of tissues. This reduces wear and tear. There are several types of bags:

• iliac crest;
• true;
• ischial.

In case of inflammation or deterioration of one of them, a disease called bursitis occurs. This pathology is quite common and affects a person at any age. Often, bursitis is diagnosed in women, especially after 40 years. In men, the disease is less common.

The main muscles are the femoral and gluteal muscles, which need to be constantly developed. A moderate load on this muscular apparatus will allow it to be properly strengthened, which minimizes the incidence of injury.

Joint development in newborns

Due to the peculiarities of the anatomy of the human hip joint, the muscles and joints begin to form at the stage of pregnancy. In this case, the sixth week begins to form connective tissue.

Starting from the second month, you can see the first rudiments of articulation, which the fetus is trying to move. Approximately at this time, bone nuclei begin to form.

And it is this period, as well as the first year of life, that are important for the child, as the formation of a skeletal structure takes place.

In some cases, the hip joint does not have time to form properly, especially when the baby is born prematurely. Often this is due to the presence of various pathologies in the mother's body and the lack of useful minerals.

In addition, the bones of small children are still quite soft and fragile.

The pelvic bones, which form the acetabulum, are not yet finally ossified and have only a cartilaginous layer. The same can be said about the head of the hip bone.

She and the neck part have small bone kernels so far, so there is also a cartilaginous tissue here.

In newborns, the anatomy of the femur and hip joint is extremely unstable.

The whole process of forming the bones of the joint proceeds slowly and ends at the age of 20 years.

If the baby was born prematurely, the nuclei will be very small or they will not be at all, which is a pathological deviation. But it can be observed in completely healthy newborns.

The musculoskeletal system in this case develops poorly. And if during the first year of the child's life the nuclei do not develop, then there is a risk that the hip joint will not be able to function fully.

A source: http://.ru/article/280104/anatomiya-tazobedrennogo-sustava-stroenie-myishtsyi-svyazki

What you need to know about the human hip joint?

The hip joint is located between the pelvic and femur. It is thanks to him that the leg can freely move in any plane, both in horizontal and vertical, possibly even rotation.

The main feature is that the hip joint is the largest joint of the body. He has to withstand serious enough tests in the form of upper body pressure and injury due to accidental falls.

Also, he is responsible for chronic changes, if, for example, there is flat feet, the curvature of the leg and gait is incorrect.

Above her stretched a bunch of acetabulum, which is formed due to the fusion of 2 bones side by side. Anatomy of the human hip is complicated, there are cartilaginous, bone and muscle tissues.

The entire joint is enclosed in one large capsule, which is attached to the pelvic and femur with the help of the joint.

Bone and cartilaginous structures

The hip is connected by cartilage, which acts as a kind of padding. There are two main functions:

1. It is due to this strong fabric in this place is provided slipping bones and their mobility.
2. Using cartilage correctly and evenly distributed load, it prevents injury.

With its responsibilities, cartilaginous tissue easily copes with the help of collagen and wateryness. But unfortunately, the amount of water with age in this tissue decreases and the risk of joint damage increases.

The cartilage is located between the three bones of the pelvis, they are connected by themselves with the help of the joint and remain mobile.

It is important to regularly give a little physical exertion, gymnastics for the joint, so that in the old age there are no pains even from insignificant motor activity.

Bundles and muscles

In the structure of the joint, there are several types of ligaments. For example, for freedom of movement, the joint has a bundle of the femoral head, which makes it possible to strengthen all the joints and makes it possible to move around.

Also there is an abdominal-femoral ligament, which provides the possibility of vertical movement. In fact, she keeps the pelvis from turning back. The last, ischium-femoral ligament is located behind and helps to form correctly the acetabulum.

Thanks to her hips are held and do not turn inward.

In order for the ligaments to withstand the load, it is better to strengthen the exercises with the muscles of the hip joint. They surround the capsule from all sides and are large enough and developed.

With proper development, a person has excellent coordination, beautiful legs and graceful gait. It is the development of muscles that prevents trauma to the ligaments.

It is proved that people who love physical activities are much less likely to experience pain and can lead an active lifestyle even at a serious age.

Blood supply of the joint

The hip joint is stably supplied in the body with oxygen and nutrition, which is necessary for the normal functioning of this part of the body.

The main role in the blood supply is played by the medial and lateral arteries that are located around the thigh. These are large vessels that allow sufficient blood and lymph flow.

Also here are additional arteries: the blocking and gluteal, as well as iliac and deep vein thighs for outflow.

The outflow of blood is carried out with the help of veins, which pass close to the main arteries. With their help, all metabolic products are excreted.

Blood supply to the hip joint also depends on the level of physical fitness.

It is sports that help to regulate the nutrition of this part of the body, and prevent the emergence of many diseases.

Pathologies of the hip joint

As we have already said, the structure of the joint is quite complicated.

Since the anatomy of a person directly depends on the health and functioning of the hip joint, unfortunately, pathology can arise in every person with insufficient care for health. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to this part of the body.

There are several reasons why a pelvis may suffer:

1. congenital anomaly, developmental disorder in the womb;
2. injury of the joint;
3. rickets, which seriously weakens the bones;
4. problems with the endocrine system of the body.

Anthotorsia

Antetussia is a disease in which angles in the joint change. In fact, this is an increase in the angle of the femoral neck to the hip condyle. Such a disease is very common in children.

Fortunately, often an antecedent passes by itself to adolescence, with due supervision and adherence to the recommendations of a specialist.

However, sometimes in adults, there is an eversion of the limbs, which occurred precisely because the corners are seriously enlarged. The norm is 12 degrees, the deviation can reach 60.

Antitussia is diagnosed on several grounds:

• the hip is inverted, this is easily noticed by the orthopedist during examination;
• The knees always touch each other;
• when walking, the feet are turned inwards;
• the angle of bone connection is disturbed.

Since the norm is considered to be straight legs with a connection angle of 12 degrees, everything else is called abnormalities and must necessarily be treated. For treatment in the first place, special physical training is prescribed.

Due to the correct strengthening of the muscles, you can prevent further turning of the thigh and provide support to the musculoskeletal system.

In addition, you can buy special orthopedic insoles or shoes to guide your feet while driving and not to worsen the situation.

In old age, you may even need a joint replacement, so take action (massages, physiotherapy and exercise therapy) is better when the pelvic joint is capable of changes. The main thing is that the patient is ready for long and regular studies, then the joint itself will be corrected. People just have to take care of their health.

Massage for babiesProcedure of exercise therapy under the supervision of a specialist Wellness massage for adults

Injury of the acetabulum

The acetabulum is included in the design of the pelvic joint. In form, it resembles a large recess and is necessary for the bone to go inside when moving and quietly come back, providing freedom of movement.

If it is injured or if the disease is neglected, it may even be necessary to replace this site.

Modern medicine is capable of such interventions, but in most cases the norm is achieved by more conservative methods.

There are two most common types of pathologies:

1. Eccentric type. The norm is broken as a result of an irregular shape of the head, due to which the cartilage is squeezed, gradually it does not withstand the load and the patient feels pain, limited mobility.
2. Pinser. The norm means no impact, and in this case, a collision occurs due to a slight slope of the acetabulum back.

To diagnose the pathology, you need to report to the doctor in a timely manner and undergo an X-ray examination (or MRI).

If necessary, even the replacement of the joint, but it is possible and other treatment.

A conservative technique in which replacement and operation is not necessary is a scheme of various exercises, anti-inflammatory drugs, and physiotherapy can also be useful.

A source: https://prospinu.com/anatomija/tazobedrennyj-sustav.html

Hip Joint: Anatomy of the Joint and All You Need to Know

When moving in space, the human skeleton experiences a tremendous load on the locomotor joints and mechanisms. An important role of a strong base is played by the pelvis and thigh, and their totality is the hip joint, whose health is very important for a full life.

The hip joint is the connection of the head of the femur and the pelvic bone with the acetabular recess. The entire surface of the joint is equipped with hyaline cartilage, to prevent abrasion, wear this joint.

The acetabulum has a cartilaginous covering only in the semilunar region. Like other joints, the hip also has a synovial bag that acts as a protective barrier.

In turn, the acetabulum is attached to the acetabulum.

This joint is a strong foundation in the structure of all the bones of the body, because it perceives all the load when moving, jumping from a height, running.

The functioning of the hip joint primarily depends on his condition and health, thus it is important to prevent the healing and strengthening of the joint all his life.

Bones of the hip joint

The hip joint consists of the articulation of the femoral head and cavity (notch) in the pelvic bone surface, which in turn consists of smaller structures in the form of iliac, pubic and ischium bones.

The cavity is called the acetabulum not only in humans, but also in some insects for which it exists, for example, grasshoppers, in which the jumping muscle is connected to the repulsive mechanism with the help of a swivel. In general, this depression resembles a crater on the surface of the Moon. Let's take a closer look at the structure of the hip joint.

Structure of the anatomy of the bones of the hip joint

• Pubic bone- is a pair of bones formed by the body, the upper and lower branches. Both branches are placed at an angle with respect to each other.

The vertical arrangement, which holds both branches of the pubic bone surface, has its designation, this pubic symphysis, and also the other name of the pubic articulation.

The pubic bone, namely, its body defines the anterior section of the acetabulum, and the branch joint forms a shut-off valve (hole) in the form of a membrane.

• Ischium- this is the lower surface of the pelvis, consisting of a branch and a body, the latter in turn adjacent to the pubic (attachment at the top) and iliac bones.

This structure is attached to the bodies of the pubic (located on top) and the ilium (bunch in front) in the region of the basin in the pelvis. The branch resembles an S-shaped line directed upward from the body to the bones of the pubic surface.

• Ilium- this is the upper part of the pelvis, consisting of the wing(upper, broad and thin part) and the surface of the sacrum, as a result of attachment, crests, surfaces and bones are created. The function of this bone is the articulation of the bodies of the pubic and ischium bone, forming the acetabulum.
• Hipit is a large tubular bone, the structure of which includes connective surfaces (epiphyses) whose role is the possibility of a joint the femur with the lower leg (lower epiphysis) and the pelvis (upper epiphysis) in the acetabulum, which forms the hip joint. The joints of these joints are performed with the help of complex ligaments. The shin to the thigh is fastened with the help of cruciate ligaments, the quadriceps muscle (patella), lateral (lateral) ligaments, and smaller ones. The femur, namely the upper epiphysis is called the femoral head, which is thickened with cartilages, without which it becomes impossible to do pelvic rotation with respect to the shin and foot.

Fingers of the hands is a system consisting of bones and a ligamentous apparatus, without the functions of which a person does not have a full life. The fingers of the hands are very well developed in terms of anatomy, enabling the whole system of various movements.

In turn, the fingers are part of a brush consisting of other less developed and moving parts.

The brush is divided into three sections:

1. Wrist- consists of two rows joined together in the form of small complex bones (proximal and distannic). The proximal group is located in the near row, which includes the scaphoid, trihedral, pea and scaphoid bones. In its turn, the distal row (distal) includes formations according to the form of a trapezoid, a polygon, a capitate and a hook-like form of bones.
2. PasternIs a collection of small tubular bones attached to the wrist of the distal row of bones. The spherical heads of metacarpal bones form a connection with the bones of the proximal phalanges.
3. Fingers of the handinclude several phalanges, on different fingers. For example, there are only 2 of them on the big finger, while the rest have 3 phalanxes. The distal phalanges are slightly longer than the proximal ones, due to their peculiarity. The phalanx consists of a head, a body and a base.

In the anatomy of the fingers, it is common to designate the ligaments of one or another part of the joint. There are the following main joints: interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal, metacarpal and metacarpal.

Wrist jointis formed from two bones: the radial and proximal row of the bones of the wrist. This joint provides important functionalities, for example, twisting, wrist extension, flexion and others.

This mechanism interacts directly with the pre-arm bone. The joint is covered with a complex ligament system, which completely covers the bone tissue.
Interphalangeal jointsallow the fingers to bend and unbend.

Also an important function is the limiting function, which determines the amplitude of the finger movements.

The joint of the thumb

The aggregate of the connecting group forms the elevation of the thumbs. This joint originates from the bones of the wrist and pastern.

Thumb, then its flexion functions are due to the operation of the sesamoid bone, located near the proximal phalanx of the finger.

In contrast to the group of muscles of the thumb, the thumb has its own muscle group, separated from the other fingers.

Pelvic bones are involved in the formation of three joints: pubic symphysis, paired sacroiliac joint and paired hip joint.

The form of the hip joint can be represented in the form of a ball located in a deep nest of a rounded shape.

Pubic symphysis and sacroiliac joint are inactive, but in spherical (or, more precisely, cup-like) hip joint, which provides both body stability and leg mobility, a large volume is possible movements.

The hip joint is one of the largest joints of our body. Due to the fact that a person as a result of evolution has risen on two legs, the hip joint is the main support joint and carries a significant load when walking, running, carrying weights.

The joint cavity of the hip joint is formed by the pelvic bone and is called the acetabular cavity. On the edge of the cavity is located the acetabulum - a fibrous-cartilaginous formation.

It increases the depth of the cavity by 30%, but its main function is to uniformly lubricate the articular cartilage of the femoral head with synovial fluid (articular).

Creating a suction effect, it strengthens the hip joint.

Inside the acetabulum is the head of the femur, which is connected to the body of the femur with the help of the neck.

Often the neck of the femur is called the "neck of the thigh but this is jargon.

Below the neck of the thigh there are bony elevations, called large and small spits. They are attached to powerful muscles.

Around the joint is an articular capsule, which contains ligaments that strengthen the hip joint.

On the one hand these powerful ligaments are attached at one end to the pelvic, and on the other end to the femur.

It is possible that this ligament also adds strength to the hip joint, limiting the external rotation of the thigh. The same purpose is served by the capsule of the hip joint, which is stretched during external rotation and extension of the thigh.

The hip joint is covered by the muscles of the gluteal region behind and the muscles of the anterior hip group in front. The head of the femur, located in the acetabular cavity, is covered with articular cartilage.

The articular cartilage in the hip joint, on average, reaches 4 mm in thickness, has a very smooth surface of whitish color and a dense elastic consistency.

Due to the presence of articular cartilage, friction between the contiguous articular surfaces is significantly reduced.

Bone can live only when it receives blood. Blood supply to the head of the femur is carried out in three main ways:

1. Vessels that go to the bone through the joint capsule

2. Vessels that run inside the bone

3. Vessel that passes inside the ligament of the head of the femur. This vessel works well in young patients, but in adulthood this blood vessel usually thinens and closes.

Muscles moving the leg in the hip joint. are attached to the bony projections of the pelvic bones and the upper end of the femur. More information on the anatomy of the hip joint can be found in a separate article on our website (click the mouse to go to the article about anatomy).

Causes of pain in the hip joint in adults

To establish the cause of pain in the region of the hip joint is sometimes difficult, because it can be caused not only local injury or disease, but also a pathological process in the abdominal cavity, in the lumbar spine or in the genital bodies.

Basically, the causes of pain in the hip joint can be divided into four groups:

1) trauma in the hip joint and their consequences:

damage to ligaments and joint capsules;

APS-syndrome or APC-syndrome;

fractures in the area of ​​the trochanter of the femur;

dislocations of the femur.

2) diseases and individual features of the structure of the hip joint, its ligaments, surrounding muscles:

pear-shaped muscle syndrome;

tendinitis and tenosynovitis;

osteonecrosis of the femoral head (avascular necrosis, aseptic necrosis);

3) diseases and traumas of other organs and systems that are manifested by the radiating (irradiating) pain in the hip joint:

neuralgia of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (a common cause of pain in the hip joint in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus);

neurological diseases of the spine;

4) systemic diseases:

arthropathy of Charcot;

infectious diseases of the hip joint (Lyme disease, Reiter's syndrome, tuberculosis, etc.).

There are other causes of pain that are difficult to classify (toxic synovitis, primary and secondary oncological lesions, osteomalacia, osteomyelitis, etc.)

Many of these causes are interrelated: for example, hip joint osteoarthritis can be a consequence of chronic trauma, arthritis can be post traumatic in nature, etc.

so that the classification given by us is to some extent conditional and in addition to simply informing Calls on a specialist to find out the exact cause of pain in the hip and treatment.

In children, there are special causes of pain in the hip joint: epiphysiolysis (slipped epiphysis), Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, Still's disease, etc. Our clinic treats only adult patients, so we will not dwell on the causes of pain in children.

The article is intended solely for comprehensive information about the disease and about the tactics of its treatment. Self-medication can harm your health.

A source: http://zdorovyisustav.ru/vidy-sustavov/tazobedrennyiy-sustav.html