Bronchitis in a 2-year-old child

How to cure bronchitis in a child of two years?

Answers:

Dzhamal'skiy

consult a pediatrician and that this is a child. In general, the treatment consists of antibacterial therapy mainly ampicillin.. depends on the microbe that caused the disease. And yet you are sure that this bronchitis there are more than 25 diseases similar to symptoms of bronchitis

Anastasia Martynova

The main principles of therapeutic effect in bronchitis are the following:

infection control;
elimination of the edema of the respiratory tract;
release of the respiratory tract from sputum;
Ineffective dry, exhausting cough suppression.

To treat bronchitis in a child, even if it passes in a mild form, should a doctor. Only a doctor can decide how to treat bronchitis, to hospitalize a child or to exercise treatment of bronchitis at home, what types of research should be done and other important questions.

When treating bronchitis, it is important to carry out the full course of treatment prescribed by a doctor, otherwise bronchitis can go into a chronic form. Chronic bronchitis in children is a serious problem, since all children who are diagnosed with chronic bronchitis need special examination and treatment in specialized institutions. Therapy with antibiotics for bronchitis is used mainly when the diagnosis is acute bronchitis or there is a threat of pneumonia.

Acute bronchitis in children is a frequent companion of the common cold or ARI. Incorrect or untimely initiated treatment can lead to the development of obstructive bronchitis.

Obstructive bronchitis in children differs from the usual in that pathological changes affect the entire thickness of the bronchi, which leads to constriction, severe edema and bronchial conduction disorders. As a result, sputum and mucus can not go outside, greatly hindering the respiratory processes.

Despite the fact that the main treatment should appoint a doctor, you can conduct a number of treatment activities at home. First of all, bed rest is required before the body temperature normalizes. It is desirable enriched with vitamins dairy and vegetable diet and abundant drink: tea, mors, broth of wild rose, alkaline mineral water, hot milk with Borjomi.

Favorite

I at three years cured my daughter only radish. made a deepening in the radish, there a spoonful of honey and insist for several hours. with this juice three times a day. and you can make compresses from radishes. but in any case, show your doctor. you can not risk the baby. that helps one, can not help others

it does not matter

Bronchitis is treated by doctors!!! But, together with the prescribed treatment, you should drink as much as possible. No self-treatment!

Ludmila Ustrugova

Compresses for the night from beets. (Beef juice)

Just LANA

On the appointment of a pediatrician, because the treatment depends on the cause of the disease.

Bronchitis in a child - 2 years

Bronchitis, developed in a child who is only 2 years old is not uncommon. Most often, the cause of this pathology is bacteria, such as streptococci and pneumococci. Rarely, it can be viruses and fungi that have entered the respiratory system due to contact with allergens or toxic substances.

What causes bronchitis in children?

As a rule, the triggering mechanism for the development of this disease is banal hypothermia. It is this factor that reduces the protective functions of the body. Often as a pathogen are those microorganisms that are inside the person.

How to determine the child's own bronchitis?

In order to timely learn about the development of the disease and rather begin treatment, each mother should know how to determine the bronchitis of her child and how it generally occurs in children.

A distinctive feature of this disease is the departure of phlegm. Cough can be observed and with such diseases as laryngitis, pharyngitis, tracheitis.

As a result of the development of the inflammatory process on the surface of the bronchial mucosa, there is an increase in sputum secretion. With its accumulation, overlapping airways at the level of individual bronchi occurs.

How will get rid of bronchitis?

Treatment of acute bronchitis in children is aimed at reducing sputum, and removing it from the body. To do this, mucolytic agents are prescribed. However, these drugs are not recommended for children under 2 years.

Many mothers, faced with bronchitis in a child, do not know what to do. With this disease, inhalations are often used, for which mineral water and physiological saline are used.

How to prevent the development of bronchitis in children?

The main component of preventing bronchitis in children is hardening. This process must be approached with responsibility. Timely detection and treatment of acute respiratory infections, also allows to prevent the development of bronchitis.

What are the effects of bronchitis?

Every parent should know what is dangerous for the child who has not been cured of bronchitis. Untimely initiation of therapy leads to the fact that the infection descends lower along the respiratory tract, which causes pneumonia.

WomanAdvice.ru

Bronchitis in children: acute, obstructive bronchitis, symptoms, treatment

Bronchitis in children most often occurs in the form of complications against the background of acute respiratory viral infection, influenza or a severe cold, hypothermia. The provoking factors of bronchitis are seasonal sharp temperature changes, especially periods of rain with high humidity, so this disease usually occurs in the fall or spring.

In form, all bronchitis in children are divided into: Acute, Prolonged and Recurrent.

For reasons of occurrence, depends on the pathogen of inflammation and is divided into:

• Viral - influenza, adenoviruses, parainfluenza
• Bacterial - can be acute and obstructive (the causative agent is streptococcus, staphylococcus, moraxelly, hemophilic rod, as well as mycoplasma and chlamydia)
• Allergic, obstructive, asthmatic - arises from irritating chemical or physical factors, such as household chemicals, house dust (read about the symptoms of allergy to dust), animal hair, plant pollen and others.

Bronchitis in a child up to a year - symptoms and treatment

Children who are breastfed and who do not have contact with sick children and adults should not have any respiratory illnesses. However, if the child was born prematurely, has congenital malformations of the respiratory organs and other diseases, as well as in the family there are preschool children attending kindergartens and often ill - the development of bronchitis in a child up to a year is possible by the following reasons:

• narrower than the adult, bronchi, a more dry and vulnerable mucosa of the respiratory tract
• existing congenital malformations
• after a viral or bacterial infection
• the presence of individual sensitivity to chemical and physical stimuli - an allergy to anything.

The most basic symptoms of developing bronchitis are a severe dry cough, paroxysmal, accompanied by difficulty breathing, shortness of breath. Gradually, the cough becomes moist, but mucus, sputum during bronchitis in a child up to a year of significant hinders breathing, normal lung function is disrupted, since the airway in infancy narrow. Bronchitis in children up to a year and even up to 3-4 years is most often the following:

• Acute bronchitis simple
• Obstructive bronchitis
• Bronchiolitis

On acute and obstructive bronchitis, we will dwell in more detail below. And now consider the most common in children under one year oldbronchiolitis.

Bronchitis in children under one year of age - bronchiolitis

This bronchitis affects both small bronchi and bronchioles, develops more often against the background of acute respiratory viral infections, influenza viruses with the subsequent reproduction of pneumococci (and so on. streptococci). In case of inhalation of icy air or sharp concentrations of various gases, bronchiolitis can develop as an independent disease. The danger of such bronchitis is a pronounced bronchoobstructive syndrome with the development of sometimes even acute respiratory failure:

• Characterized by dry cough attacks, pronounced dyspnea mixed or expiratory form with syndromes of swelling of the wings nose, with the involvement of ancillary muscles, the entrainment of the intercostal spaces of the chest, the pallor of the skin, cyanosis.
• The child has dry mouth, no tears when crying.
• The child eats less and drinks than usual, respectively, and his urination is more rare.
• Increased body temperature, but unlike pneumonia, it is less pronounced (see. whether it is necessary to bring down the temperature).
• Shortness of breath to 60-80 breaths per minute, while breathing is grunting, superficial.
• On both sides are heard diffuse wet ringing finely bubbling and crepitating rales.
• Symptoms of intoxication in bronchiolitis in children are not expressed.
• X-ray is determined by the sharp transparency of the lung tissue, the variegation of the pattern, the horizontal standing of the ribs, the absence of infiltrative changes in the lungs.
• If at first there was a simple bronchitis, then the attachment of bronchiolitis after a while is manifested by a sharp deterioration of the general condition of the child, cough becomes more painful and intense, with scanty phlegm.
• Children are usually very restless, moody, excited.
• The blood test can be slightly changed, a slight leukocytosis and an increase in ESR are possible.
• Usually, bronchiolitis in children up to one year has a prolonged course until 1 months.
• The causes of acute bronchiolitis in children are similar to the causes of development of obstructive bronchitis in children older than 2-4 years. The local immune system of the respiratory tract in children under 2 years is weak, protection against viruses is not enough, so they easily penetrate deep into bronchioles and small bronchi.

Treatment of bronchiolitis in children

At home, you can not cure bronchiolitis. When a bronchiolitis occurs, the infant is usually shown hospitalization, so that the child is under the supervision of doctors. In the hospital pediatricians, pulmonologists will establish an accurate diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment. What should my mom do before the ambulance arrives?

You can only alleviate the symptoms of colds - create optimally comfortable air in the room, turn on the humidifier, air purifier.

If there is no high temperature in the child, you can ease breathing with warming creams and ointments, spread them legs, calves. Only with this you need to be cautious if the child has not had any allergic manifestations before, then it helps a lot if a child allergic, warming ointments should be excluded.

To cough softer, you can do steam inhalation-above a boiling pot with a weak saline solution, hold the baby in her arms. Or sit him down at the table and cover with a towel over a cup of hot medical solution.

Try to force the baby to drink more to avoid dehydration, if the child refuses the breast or mixture, give the child just pure water.

In the hospital to relieve the signs of respiratory failure, the baby is given inhalations with bronchodilators and allowed to breathe oxygen. Also at the doctor's discretion, an antibiotic is selected - Sumamed, Macroben, Augmentin, Amoxiclav. It is possible to use various drugs with interferon. Necessarily prescribe antihistamines for the removal of edema at the site of inflammation and a possible allergic reaction to treatment. If symptoms of dehydration are observed, then the necessary rehydration therapy is performed.

Acute bronchitis in children - symptoms

Bronchitis in children is the most common form of respiratory tract disease. Acute bronchitis is an acute inflammation of the bronchial mucosa without symptoms of inflammation of the lung tissue. Simple bronchitis in children in 20% of a self-contained bacterial disease, 80% - either in a program of viruses (Coxsackie virus, adenovirus, influenza, parainfluenza) or as a bacterial complication after these viral infections.

Clinical symptoms of bronchitis in children are as follows:

First, the child has general weakness, malaise, headache, lack of appetite, then there is a dry cough or cough with sputum, the intensity of which is rapidly increasing, while listening to determine the dry diffuse or variously moist wheezing. Sometimes there may be a barking cough in a child whose treatment is slightly different.

In the first 2 days, the temperature rises to 38 ° C, but with a mild form, the temperature can be 37-3,.

After 6-7 days, the dry cough becomes wet, the sputum discharge facilitates the child's condition and is a good sign that the body is coping with the infection and the virus.

On average, the duration of acute bronchitis in children is 7-21 days, but the nature of the disease, the severity of the inflammatory process depend on the child's age, the strength of his immune system, the presence of concomitant chronic and systemic diseases. In case of inadequate or untimely treatment, acute bronchitis can lead to addition - bronchiolitis, pneumonia.

Sometimes after the flu, for some time, the child's condition improves, and then a sharp deterioration, a rise in temperature, a rise in the cough - this is due to the weakening of the immune system in the fight against the virus and the attachment of a bacterial infection, in this case it is shown antibiotic.

With mycoplasmal or adenoviral acute bronchitis in children, the symptoms of intoxication, such as high fever, headaches, chills, lack of appetite, can be about a week. Usually acute bronchitis is bilateral, however, with mycoplasma bronchitis it is most often one-sided, sometimes combined with conjunctivitis.

Acute bronchitis in children - treatment

Most often, the duration of acute bronchitis in children, whose treatment is correct and carried out on time, should not be more than 14 days, however, in infants, cough can persist for up to a month, as well as in older children with atypical-mycoplasmic bronchitis. If suddenly the bronchitis in the child is delayed, it is necessary to exclude a number of diseases:

• aspiration of food
• pneumonia
• cystic fibrosis
• foreign body in bronchi
• tuberculosis infection

A pediatrician prescribes a full treatment package. In addition to implementing all the recommendations of the doctor, you should provide the child with special nutrition and quality care. It is desirable to create in the room the optimum humidity and purity, for this purpose it is convenient to use a humidifier and air purifier, often ventilate the room and conduct daily wet cleaning in the room in which child. And:

• Abundant drink

Ensure abundant reception of fluids in a warm form. To soften the cough, warm milk with butter or Borjomi mineral water helps, can be replaced with honey.

• Heat

With fever, the temperature just above 38C should take antipyretics - paracetamol in syrup.

• Antibiotics

Antibiotics for bronchitis in children, if recommended by a doctor, should be given strictly by the hour. If taking antibacterial drugs is necessary 3 times a day, this does not mean that you must drink from breakfast, lunch and dinner, and this means that their reception should be 24/3 = 8, every 8 hours, if 1 time per day, then give it only at the same time, for example at 9 o'clock morning. 11 rules - how to take antibiotics correctly.

• Cough medicine

With a dry cough, the child can be given antitussive medicines as prescribed by the doctor, and when it becomes wet to go on expectorants. With a dry cough, the means can be combined (Sinekod). If the cough is wet, then expectorants are shown - Mucaltin, Bromhexin, Gedelix, Alpine syrup, Thermopsis herb infusion or its dry extract, Bronchicum, Evcabal, Prospan, breastfeeds.

• Inhalation

Inhalation in bronchitis in children, the symptoms of which are very pronounced, are well assisted by inhalation with conventional baking soda, called over hot pots, inhalation of sodium bicarbonate using a nebulizer, inhaler.

• For babies

For small and infants who do not know how to clear themselves, doctors advise turning the child more often from one side to the other. In this case, sputum is shifted downward, irritating the bronchial wall, this leads to reflex cough.

• Distractions

For older children, cans, mustards, hot foot baths, they still help, and if the child has strong immunity, such procedures will help to avoid taking antibiotics. You can soar your baby's legs after 1 year, and also rub them with warming agents - turpentine ointments, Barsukor, Pulmax baby, etc., but only in the case when there is no high temperature, after rubbing, you should warm your feet and wrap child. However, in case of an allergic bronchitis in a child, neither the mustard nor the warming ointments can be used, since the composition of ointments and mustard can worsen the child's condition.

• Compresses

When bronchitis in children, the treatment is helped by compresses from warm oil. Warm sunflower oil to 40 ° C and moisten them with gauze folded several times. This compress should be imposed only on the right side and back of the baby, from above put a plastic bag and a layer of cotton wool, bandage the child around several times. Dress warm clothes, do this procedure for the night, if there is no temperature in the child.

• Folk remedies

Old folk way - radish juice with honey, cabbage juice, turnip juice - any of these juices should be given 1 teaspoon 4 times a day. You can give and cranberry juice, mixing it with honey in a ratio of 3/1, a tablespoon 3 times a day.

• Massage

The first week is well helped by chest massage, older children would be good at performing breathing exercises.

Physiotherapy with bronchitis

In children, these procedures are prescribed and conducted only at the physician's discretion, these are physiotherapy methods that contribute to faster recovery, because they have an anti-inflammatory effect, however, they can not be performed more often 2 once a year:

• Ultraviolet irradiation of the chest
• Mud, paraffin applications on the chest and between the shoulder blades
• Inductometry on the same areas
• Electrophoresis with calcium
• SOLLUX ON THE BREAST
• Aeronisation by the hydroionizer of the respiratory tract with solutions of chamomile, antibiotics.

Prevention of acute bronchitis in children:

Do not allow a prolonged runny nose in a child, timely treatment of any cold and infectious diseases will be the best preventative against penetration of the infection into the lower respiratory tract. ways.

Walking in the fresh air in the park, playing at the cottage, physical exercise in nature, tempering, daily intake of natural vitamins in fruits and vegetables, and not in tablets - the way to the health of your child.

Obstructive bronchitis in children - symptoms

In young children, usually up to 3-4 years of acute bronchitis may be accompanied by an obstructive syndrome - this is an acute obstructive bronchitis. In children, the symptoms of such bronchitis begin more often after viral infections or allergic manifestations on the stimulus.

The main symptoms of obstructive bronchitis:

• Harsh, audible long breath with whistling
• Coughing with attacks, before vomiting, debilitating
• During inhalation, the intercostal spaces are drawn in and chest is swollen with breathing

In obstructive allergic bronchitis, children do not have a temperature, it starts because of an allergic reaction to the strongest irritant for the child, and parents can often remember that they recently bought something for the child - a down pillow or a blanket made of camel or sheep wool, at home breathed in color from repair or went to visit, where there is cat.

In obstructive bronchitis in children, symptoms can begin on the 3rd-4th day of the flu or ARVI, and may also be caused by other bacteria, which is manifested in the appearance of expiratory dyspnea - an increase in the respiratory rate to 60 per minute, it is also noted difficulties when inhaled.

The child begins wheezing, noisy breathing, especially a prolonged wheezing exhale, which is heard by persons near the baby. The thorax is as if swollen, that is, the ribs are horizontally arranged. Cough is dry, obtrusive, bouts, arises suddenly, it does not bring relief and intensifies at night.

If this disease develops not after ARI, then the temperature in the early days is not increased.
Headache, weakness and nausea, are very rare.

When listening there are dry wheezing in the lungs.

X-ray revealed increased transparency, increased pulmonary pattern, in the absence of infiltrative changes in the lungs.

The analysis of blood as a viral infection - lymphocytosis, leukopenia. accelerated ESR, if allergic bronchitis in a child, then eosinophilia.

Almost always obstructive bronchitis is associated with a virus or mycoplasmal infection, relapses of obstructive bronchitis in children most often spontaneously stop by 4 years.
If the bronchioles and small bronchi are affected, then this is an acute bronchiolitis.

Obstructive bronchitis in children differs from asthma attacks, in that obstruction develops slowly, and with asthma the child abruptly begins to suffocate. Although the first attacks of bronchial asthma in children also begin during ARVI. If the obstruction occurs several times a year, it is a signal that the child is at risk for developing bronchial asthma in the future.

Obstructive bronchitis in a child can be due to passive smoking, it can be distinguished by a strong cough with a whistle in the morning, while the child's condition is quite satisfactory. Obstruction with allergies occurs when contact with an allergen and recently it becomes very frequent manifestation in children prone to allergies, such bronchitis are recurrent and threatened with development bronchial asthma.

Allergic and obstructive bronchitis in children - treatment

Hospitalization

In obstructive bronchitis in children up to a year or 2 years, treatment should be performed in a hospital under the supervision of a pediatrician, in other cases at the discretion of the doctor and parents. Treatment is best done in a hospital if:

• In addition to obstruction in the child, the symptoms of intoxication are decreased appetite, fever, nausea, general weakness.
• Signs of respiratory failure. This is shortness of breath, when the frequency of breathing increases by 10% of the age norm, counting is better done at night, and not during games or crying. In children under 6 months, the respiration rate should not exceed 60 per minute, 6-12 months - 50 breaths, 1-5 years, 40 breaths. Acrocyanosis is a sign of respiratory failure, manifested by cyanotic nasolabial triangle, nails, that is, the body experiences oxygen deficiency.
• It is not uncommon for obstructive bronchitis in children to mask pneumonia, so if the doctor suspects pneumonia from hospitalization can not be denied.

Bronchodilators

Bronchiolithics extend the bronchi, so they are designed to relieve obstruction. To date, they are presented in various forms in the pharma industry:

• In the form of syrups (Salmeterol, Clenbuterol, Ascoril), which are convenient for young children, their disadvantage is the development of tremors and palpitations.
• In the form of solutions for inhalation (see. Berodual for inhalation) - this is the most convenient way for young children, breeding a medicinal solution with a physical solution, inhalation 2-3 times a day, after improvement, it is possible to use only at night. The multiplicity and dosage, as well as the course of treatment is determined only by the pediatrician.
• Inhalers-aerosols can be used only for older children (Berodual, Salbutamol).
• Such tableted forms of bronchodilators, like theophylline (Teopec, Euphyllin), are not indicated for the therapy of children with obstructive bronchitis, they have more pronounced side effects, are more toxic than local inhalation forms.

Spasmolytics

Can be used to reduce bronchial spasms. This is papaverine or Drotaverin, No-shpa. Their reception can be carried out with the help of an inhaler, orally in the form of tablets or intravenously in a hospital.

Means for coughing

To sputum better departed, various mucoregulatory drugs are used, they help dilute sputum and accelerate its excretion:

• These are preparations with active substance ambroksol (Lazolvan, Ambrobene). These drugs can not be taken for more than 10 days, it is most convenient to use them in the form of inhalations, as well as carbocisteine ​​preparations (Fluiditek, Bronhobos, Mukosol).
• After the cough became wet, the seizures became less intense, the sputum liquefied, but it departs badly, the ambroxol should be changed to expectorants for cough for children, which should be given no more than 5-10 days, they include Gedelix, Bronchicum, Prospan, Bronhosan, Herbion (cf. Herbion from a dry and wet cough), Tussin, Bronchipret, breastfeeding, .
• Codeine-containing drugs for children should not be taken if the child has a seizure-like obsessive cough, the appointment of a doctor can be used Sinekod, Stopusin Fito, Libexin (with caution in childhood), Bronhicum, Broncholitin.
• Erespal - promotes both removal of obstruction, and reduction of sputum production, and also it possesses anti-inflammatory activity, is applied from the first days of the disease, reduces the risks of complications, contraindicated in children under 2 years.

Draining massage

To facilitate the departure of sputum, parents can themselves do their child massage the collar zone, chest, back. Especially strong massage should be done for the muscles of the back along the spine. Useful for obstructive bronchitis in children postural massage - that is, efflorescence of the baby's back in the morning, should to hang the child from the bed upside down (padding the pillow under his tummy) and tapping the palms folded in the boat 10-15 minutes. For older children, with a massage, ask the child to take a deep breath, and on an exhalation, tap. Useful and additional exercises such as inflating balloons, blowing out candles.

Antihistamines

Antihistamines are prescribed to children in the presence of allergic reactions. Such medicines for allergies like Eryus in syrup can be taken to children from 1 year, with the half a year it is possible to use Claritin and Zirtek, from 2 years in syrups and drops Cetrin, Zodak, Parlazin (cf. list of medicines for allergies). Such antihistamines of the 1st generation as Suprastin and Tavegil are used less often, only for drying with abundant liquid sputum.

Allergy or virus

If the obstruction is caused by an allergy or a virus - antibiotics can not be used, and even dangerous (see. antibiotics for colds and orgs). The appointment of antibiotics is possible only with the proven infectious origin of bronchitis in children.

When antibiotics are indicated

Treatment of bronchial obstruction with antibiotics is not indicated, only if the child has a fever over 4 days, or there was a second temperature jump to 39C after 4-5 days after the onset of the disease, accompanied by severe intoxication, severe coughing if with adequate treatment, the child suddenly becomes apathetic, sluggish, refuses to eat, has weakness, nausea, headaches and even vomiting. In such cases, the use of antibiotics is justified. They are prescribed only by a pediatrician on the basis of a clinical picture, the presence of purulent sputum (indicating bacterial bronchitis), inflammatory changes in the analysis of blood, as well as other signs of bacterial bronchitis or pneumonia (wheezing, x-ray signs).

Antiviral drugs

Most doctors recommend that for ARVI and flu, take antiviral drugs, for babies candles Genferon, Viferon, and also in the form of drops Gripferon, Interferon, take Orvire syrups (remantadine), and after three years of age tableted forms such as Kagocel and Arbidol, Cytovir 3. But it is worth remembering that if in a family history (close relatives) there are any autoimmune diseases (Sjogren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic red lupus, diffuse toxic goiter, vitiligo, multiple sclerosis, pernicious anemia, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, myasthenia gravis, uveitis, Addison's disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis, scleroderma) it is impossible to take immunostimulants (Kagocel, Cytovir, Amiksin), it can cause a debut of an autoimmune disease in a child, possibly not now, and later (see. more antiviral drugs for orvi).

Hormonal therapy

Hormonal drugs, such as Pulcicort, are indicated only in severe or moderate leaks obstructive bronchitis (usually with the help of a nebulizer) they quickly stop obstruction and inflammation, their appoint only a doctor.

What not to do

In obstructive bronchitis in children - treatment by rubbing and spreading the body of the child with various heating oils (Dr. Mohm ointment, ointments with medicinal plants, essential oils), the use of mustard plasters is unacceptable, since they cause an even more allergic reaction and bronchospasm, especially in toddlers up to 3 years. Also categorically it is impossible to carry out inhalations with bronchitis with various medicinal herbs and essential oils. It is only possible to use such folk remedies for warming up - heat compresses with potatoes, salt, buckwheat.

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapeutic procedures in the acute period are contraindicated, when the obstruction is already stopped, it is possible to perform UHF, electrophoresis or laser.

Hypoallergenic diet and plentiful drink

Any natural drinks - mineral water with milk, tea, broth of a dogrose, it is necessary to drink to the child as often as possible. The diet should be hypoallergenic, but at the same time maximally vitaminized, high in protein and fat content. Exclude from the diet of the child anything that can cause an allergic reaction:

• citrus, red and orange fruit
• purchased spices, sweets, milk cheeses, yoghurts, carbonated drinks, sausages and sausages - everything that contains dyes, flavors, preservatives and flavor enhancers
• honey and other beekeeping products
• fish, grown on fish farms, broiler chickens, as they are stuffed with hormones and antibiotics, which causes allergies.

When caring for a child, you should daily aerate, moisten the room where the child is. It's hot in the apartment should not be, it's better to have a cool, fresh, clean air. After the recovery of the child should be put on a dispensary record with an allergist.

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Bronchitis in a child

Inflammation of the bronchial mucosa or bronchitis, one of the most common diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Most common bronchitis in children from 3 to 8 years, the incidence rate at this age is associated with the features of the structure of the upper respiratory tract and not fully formed immunity.

In children, bronchitis usually occurs in an acute form and occurs against a background of viral infection of the upper respiratory tract, from which the infection falls into the bronchi, causes inflammation of the mucous membrane, irritates the receptors of the mucosa and provokes a strong dry cough and pain in breasts.

Treatment of acute bronchitis in children takes about 2 weeks and does not require hospitalization, but if the disease can not be treated, it can go into a chronic form and cause a pneumonia or bronchial asthma.

Causes of the disease in children

1. Bronchitis in children in more than half the cases of all diseases, develops against the background of viral infections - the causative agent of the disease will fall into the upper respiratory tract, and from there it spreads lower, causing inflammation of the mucous membrane of the lower respiratory ways.
2. Bronchitis caused by a bacterial infection is much less common - bacteria enter the interior of the bronchial tree only together with an object, small children who love To drag into your mouth any objects or accidentally inhaled small details of toys or dust particles, along with them bring into your organism and bacteria that can provoke the development bronchitis.
3. In a number of cases, viral bronchitis is complicated by the attachment of a bacterial infection.
4. Chronic or acute bronchitis can be triggered by irritation of the bronchial mucosa upon inhalation of vapors chemical substances or when mechanically irritated by particles of dust, sand or other substances falling into the bronchi at breathing.
5. Allergic reactions - frequent allergic reactions cause permanent inflammation of the mucosa and can lead to acute or chronic bronchitis and even to bronchial asthma in children.
6. Congenital malformations of the upper respiratory tract.
7. Not completely cured colds or viral infections can be complicated by the development of bronchitis, and often repeated acute bronchitis becomes a cause of chronic disease.
8. Glaive infestations - with a massive infestation of the child's body by parasites, migrating worms can get into lungs and stay there, their presence will cause constant irritation and inflammatory reaction in bronchi.

Acute simple bronchitis

Acute bronchitis in children develops a few days after a viral infection or hypothermia, the symptoms are similar on usual ORVI - the child coughs, complains of a pain in a goal, zalozhennost a nose, a headache and a pain in a breast at a tussis and breath.

Simple acute bronchitis usually proceeds fairly easily, body temperature does not rise above 37-38 degrees, the general condition of the patient remains satisfactory, and the main inconvenience is caused by a permanent dry cough. With timely treatment and normal course of the disease, after a few days the cough becomes wet, the children normalize their general condition, but completely coughs after 10-14 days.

Chronical bronchitis

Chronic bronchitis in young children develops rarely, this diagnosis is considered proven in the presence of 2-3 exacerbations of the disease a year, for 2 years. Intermediate form between acute and chronic bronchitis, domestic pediatricians consider recurrent bronchitis. In contrast to chronic, with this form of the disease there are no irreversible changes in the bronchi and respiratory system in general and it is possible to completely cure the patient.

With this form of the disease, due to lack of appropriate treatment, weakening of immunity, adverse environmental effects, frequent viral infections and other predisposing factors, the course of acute bronchitis is delayed, the child can not fully recover and get rid of cough and other symptoms bronchitis.

Chronic bronchitis in children up to 3 years often occurs against the background of the primary pathology of the lungs or the respiratory system - with malformations of the lungs and bronchi, with ciliary discenosis, chronic aspiration by dietary masses, cystic fibrosis, immunodeficiency states, lung sclerosis, in preterm infants who are connected to IVL and in other similar cases.

To understand that the child has developed chronic bronchitis easily, the symptoms of the disease do not differ from acute bronchitis, but The cough continues for several weeks, the phlegm becomes purulent - white or green, with an unpleasant smell. With auscultation of the chest, constant noise and wheezing are heard. In young children, the symptoms of the disease are accompanied by shortness of breath and gradual deformation of the chest - it can acquire a barrel shape.

Modern methods of treatment of bronchitis

Treatment of acute bronchitis in children is carried out on an outpatient basis and only under the supervision of a pediatrician. A simple uncomplicated bronchitis is treated at home without requiring the use of antibiotics or intramuscular injection, but only a doctor can assess the condition of the patient and prescribe adequate treatment. Particular attention needs treatment of acute bronchitis in children under one year - they develop shortness of breath and respiratory distress very quickly, so doctors recommend hospitalization.

Treatment of children older than 3 years is not particularly difficult, simple acute bronchitis completely takes 2-3 weeks, with good care and compliance with medical recommendations.

1. Mode - bed and half-bed regime in the first days of illness - until the body temperature and general condition of the child normalize,
2. Diet - with bronchitis recommended digestible food, more dairy products, fresh fruits and vegetables. If the child does not have an appetite, do not insist on eating, he should eat as much as he wants, independently choosing food.
3. Abundant drink - to reduce body temperature, remove toxins from the body and to replenish the water balance in the body the child needs a generous warm drink - milk, tea, compote, mors, broth of dogrose or cowberry, warm mineral water without gas.
4. Rinse throat - with viral infections, gargling helps reduce tonsillitis and remove pathogens from the body - gargle can be sodo-saline solution, infusion of chamomile, sage or collection herbs.
5. Expectorants - to facilitate coughing with bronchitis apply mucolytics - licorice syrup, infusion thermopsis, nine-strength, bromhexine, doctor mome, ambroben and others, they dilute sputum and facilitate its removal from bronchi.
6. Inhalation is one of the most effective remedies for dry obtrusive cough, they soften and moisturize the respiratory tract, reduce irritation, soothe cough and act as an expectorant - for inhalation you can use special devices - nebulizers or just breathe hot steam over infusion of herbs or boiled potatoes.
7. Warming ointments and compresses - for pains in the chest, prolonged painful coughing, it helps to rub the chest with warming ointments or fat. To treat children older than 3 years you can use mustard plasters or compresses on the chest. Applying rubbing, mustard plasters or spreading the baby ointment, the heart area should be left open.
8. Vibration massage - in the treatment of bronchitis, vibrating massage has a pronounced curative effect. It helps to clear bronchi and alveoli from mucus, helps restore normal breathing and speeds up recovery. Such massage can be done by a child's massage therapist or the parents of a child, for this you need to gently and easily tap on the back of the baby, creating a vibration with your fingers or the edge of the palm. Massage should not cause pain, a massage session takes 2-3 minutes to 15 minutes.
9. If necessary, the child is prescribed antipyretics - children's panadol, paracetamol, ibuprofen or candles with these medicines.
10. With nasal congestion in young children, it is advisable not to use vasoconstrictive drugs - It is necessary several times a day to rinse the nasal passages and instill there Aquamaris, saline or breast milk. Nasal contents can be sucked off using suction or a small pear. Children older than a year with a common cold are prescribed Nazivin, Tanos, sanorin or other similar remedies. All these drugs should not be used more than 3 days in a row.
11. Antitussives are prescribed only in extreme cases, since they suppress the activity of the cough center in the brain, interfering with the purification of the bronchi and delaying the healing process. Preparations based on codeine, glaucine, and libexin are prescribed in the case of severe, painful coughing spells that prevent the baby from eating or sleeping normally and causing severe exhaustion of the patient.
12. Antibiotics - the appointment of antibiotics in ordinary simple bronchitis is not advisable - most often the source of infection are viruses, and not bacteria. Antibiotics are indicated in case of complication of bronchitis, the appearance of purulent sputum or general decrease in immunity. The drugs of choice in this case are ampicillin, amoxicillin or sumamed. Treatment with antibiotics should be done only as directed and under the supervision of a doctor. When prescribing antibiotics, one should not forget about the possible development of dysbacteriosis and must start taking such drugs as linex, hilkforte, bifidum bacterin and others.

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What antibiotics are used for children with bronchitis?

Bronchitis is an inflammatory process that is concentrated in the mucous membrane of the bronchi. Often, pathology affects the nasal mucosa and throat. At the initial stage of the disease, inflammation is concentrated in the nasopharynx, and only then passes to the respiratory tract. Treatment of bronchitis in children is a very painstaking process, because in addition to the fact that it should have a comprehensive approach, it should be prescribed taking into account the age of the patient and the course of the disease.

What medications are suitable

Antibiotic drugs for children's bronchitis are indispensable medicines, but which one is the best and should be taken and treated is a special issue. You can apply them for 2-3 days. Duration of treatment is not less than 5 days. If necessary, the therapy should be extended, otherwise the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics will come and bronchitis from acute to chronic. Here signs of chronic bronchitis are described.

Up to 1 year

What is the most effective antibiotic for bronchitis for babies? To such small patients for the treatment of bronchitis the doctor can appoint:

• Ciproxacin,
• Erythromycin,
• Amoxicillin.

CiprofloxacinIs an antibacterial drug that is part of a group of fluoroquinols. With the help of such therapy, small children can achieve a powerful bacterial effect. This medication has such side effects as nausea, weakness, diarrhea, headaches. With caution, it is necessary to apply the drug to babies with a violation of blood circulation in the brain, mental abnormalities.

Amoxicillin- Antibacterial drug, a member of the penicillin group. With this treatment, it is possible to obtain the maximum effect and eliminate the activity of aerobic bacteria. Therapy with amoxicillin should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. In doing so, he will monitor the work of the liver and kidneys. Side effects can be disorders in the digestive system, the nervous system. Amoxicillin is also available as a suspension.

Erythromycin- a medicament that is part of the macrolith group. During the use of the drug, you can defeat the causative agent of the disease. Compared with the previously presented drugs, Erythromycin very rarely can cause an allergic reaction to the skin and is well tolerated by the intestine.

For children 2-3 years

For the treatment of bronchitis in these children very often appoint Umkalor. This drug is considered an excellent alternative antibacterial agent.It has an antimicrobial effect, has a plant origin and is released in the form of drops.Side effects can be allergies, vomiting, pain in the stomach, diarrhea.

The dosage of the medication per day is determined by the attending physician. For children 2-3 years should be consumed 6-10 drops per day. The therapeutic course is no more than 10 days.

In addition, patients of this age may be prescribed macrolide antibiotics. They effectively eliminate the symptoms of acute and chronic bronchitis. A positive influence is achieved by blocking the production process of protein, which is so important for the construction of RNA bacteria. The most effective antibiotics of this group are:

• Sumamed;
• Hemomycin;
• Azithromycin Zentiva;
• Zetamax Retard.

Older children

Penicillins and aminopenicillins are medicines that actively fight with such pathogens of bronchitis as streptococci, pneumococci and staphylococci.

For older children with bronchitis, a doctor can prescribe antibiotics

• Augmentite
• Amoxiclav, which enter the penicillin group.

Macrolides are antibacterial drugs that are actively used to treat children's bronchitis due to their ability to destroy even the most resistant microorganisms. Their next advantage is that their removal from the body is carried out through the respiratory system and blood. The most popular are such drugs as Rulid, Erythromycin, Summed. Their high popularity is due to the fact that after taking in children very rarely allergic reaction occurs. Therapeutic course is 2-5 days. Dosage preparation for every day - 0, 25 - 1 g.

Find out what antibiotics to take with sinusitis.

Here you can see a photo of what a necrotic sore throat looks like.

The causes of herpes sore throat in children: http://prolor.ru/g/detskoe-zdorove-g/gerpesnaya-angina-u-rebenka.html.

Medications for different forms of bronchitis

Bronchitis can take place in the spirit forms: acute and obstructive. Each has its own antibacterial drugs.

The video tells about the use of antibiotics in bronchitis in children:

In acute form

To treat such bronchitis in children, the doctor prescribes antibiotics with a wide range of effects. They have the same effect on most microorganisms, block them. In pediatrics, the following drugs are in great demand:

• Augmentin;
• Amoxiclav;
• Ceftriaxone;
• Cefotaxime.

The form of administration of the drug is determined taking into account the severity of the disease. Also, the doctor will be prescribed to take Azithromycin in an amount of 5 mg / kg body weight. The reception is conducted for 5 days. Erythromycin is taken at 30-50 mg / kg per day.

Here you can read about the treatment of obstructive bronchitis with folk remedies.

In obstructive

When treatment of obstructive bronchitis in children, they are prescribed Azithromycin 5 mg per kg of body weight or drugs belonging to the group of macrolides. These can be Vilprofen, Macropen, Rulid, Erythromycin. Duration of admission 7-10 days. The dosage is determined taking into account the age of the patient.

Opinion of Komarovsky

During the therapy of pediatric bronchitis, one should not allow self-medication. Only a timely doctor's help will effectively and quickly eliminate the symptoms and the disease itself. Understand the direction of treatment and a list of effective medicines, it is possible to decide whether treatment without antibiotics is possible only by an experienced pediatrician.

In the video, Dr. Komarovsky talks about the use of antibiotics in children with bronchitis:

Treatment of small patients from bronchitis is carried out at home, but the doctor constantly monitors the whole process.If there is a risk of bronchitis transition to a chronic form, a rise in body temperature, then hospitalization will be required.Typically, this applies to young children. The reason is that they do not fully have respiratory organs.

As for the use of antibiotics, in children's bronchitis this is quite justified action. But their reception should be conducted strictly on the recommendation of the attending physician. Otherwise, the baby may develop side effects.

In addition to antibiotics, the physician should prescribe to the patient physiotherapeutic procedures, as well as compliance with the diet. All recommendations should be implemented in a complex, otherwise to achieve positive results from treatment will be impossible.

Bronchitis in a child is a disease that causes him a lot of discomfort. To cure it with antibiotics alone will not learn, since an integrated approach is required here, but without them it will not be possible to make quality treatment. The expediency of their appointment can be said only after a thorough diagnosis. Perhaps you will also be useful information about the symptoms of viral bronchitis. The link describes the popular treatment of chronic bronchitis. Also, read whether you can breathe over a potato with bronchitis.

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Bronchitis in children: treatment at home. Inhalation of a child at home

A dangerous mistake is disregard for bronchitis. Do not consider it a non-serious disease. You think, the child has caught a cold! Coughs - and everything will pass. The illness is much more serious than it seems at first glance. If there were the first symptoms characterizing bronchitis in children, treatment at home should begin immediately. And the first thing to do is to call a doctor at home. Whichever proven folk remedies you use, pediatrician advice in any case is mandatory.

What you need to know about bronchitis

The ailment is common enough in young children. Such selectivity is associated with immature immunity. Although there are many causes. These include the presence of parasitic infection in the baby's body, and congenital malformations, etc.

In form, bronchitis can be acute or chronic. Its course is simple or complicated obstruction. The doctor will help determine the form of the disease. Accordingly, only he is able to select an adequate treatment. Ignoring the disease can lead to bronchial asthma.

It should not be forgotten that the disease is infectious and allergic. Depending on what type of bronchitis in children, treatment at home will be somewhat different.

Symptoms of the disease

Symptoms of infirmity in children are quite typical. This makes it possible to take measures immediately, as soon as the bronchitis begins in children. Treatment at home, taken immediately, is able to protect the baby from prolonged indisposition.

The first bells, indicating the impending bronchitis:

• Dry cough, tormenting the baby all the time. Significantly intensified at night. Over time, a damp cough appears.
• Pain in the chest.
• The temperature can rise to 38 C0. The higher markings on the thermometer often do not cause the ailment.
• Hard breath. Can be accompanied by wheezing, whistling. Sometimes there is shortness of breath.

Diagnosis of the disease

If the baby shows signs of developing bronchitis, be sure to seek help from a pediatrician. To diagnose an illness, a child may be assigned the following examinations:

• blood test (from the finger);
• X-ray (allows to diagnose either bronchitis or pneumonia);
• sputum analysis, expectorated baby.

Very rarely an ailment leads to serious complications. In most cases, it is easily amenable to therapy. And often it does not require taking any serious measures.

Disease in the baby

Bronchitis in children under one year is usually a complication of a bacterial or viral infection that gets into the airways. But sometimes the ailment occurs for no apparent reason. Suspected disease can be due to characteristic noise in the chest and wheezing. The cause of this symptomatology lies in the mucus that accumulates in the airways.

For the treatment of infants, pediatricians, as a rule, appoint:

• anti-inflammatory, mucolytic drug - "Bromhexine
• antipyretic medicine (if necessary) - "Paracetamol
• antibiotic (rarely) - "Cefuroxime".

The treatment started in time is characterized by a favorable prognosis. Very rarely, babies are experiencing any complications.

Features of treatment of younger children

Antibiotics are rarely prescribed. But if it concerns the smallest, that is, diagnosed bacterial bronchitis in a child 2 years of age or younger children, an antibiotic is mandatory. As a rule, drugs are administered orally or in the form of inhalations.

After the appointment, parents often ask why the baby was not prescribed a cough medicine. Especially often it is asked if the bronchitis is diagnosed in a child 2 years of age and younger. Do not attempt to independently give him drugs that fight with a cough. Small children are excellent at coping with the above symptom without medication.

It is worth remembering that before the age of 2 mucolytics can not be used. The weak muscles of the child's chest can not "cough up" mucus. This leads to the opposite effect. Mucus settles in the lungs, resulting in stagnant phenomena.

Acute bronchitis

This kind of ailment is a manifestation of almost any catarrhal disease. More children with weakened immunity are subjected to it. It is these babies that are at high risk of getting sick. Sometimes it is possible to observe frequent bronchitis in a child. This, as a rule, characterizes the mixed nature of the infection. Initially, the virus enters the body. Over time, a bacterial infection is connected to it.

Faced with an ailment, do not fight it with your own self. Remember, treatment of acute bronchitis in children should be prescribed exclusively by a pediatrician! Otherwise, a whole "bouquet" of consequences is possible. You can not exclude the possibility that cough is a symptom of a completely different ailment.

Thus, the treatment of acute bronchitis in children requires an attentive and responsible attitude. The methods of struggle must be comprehensive. The pediatrician will necessarily recommend all the necessary measures. As a rule, treatment is complex.

Antiviral drugs

Treatment includes the impact on the source of the disease - its pathogen. In most cases, the doctor appoints the agent "Interferon". This is an excellent antiviral drug. It is recommended to instill the baby into the nasal passages every two hours.

If the pathogen is a bacterium, not a virus, then the antibiotic is included in the prescription. Select a wide range of drugs. The following antibiotics are recommended in pediatrics:

• "Augmentin".
• "Amoxiclav".
• "Cefotaxime."
• "Ceftriaxone."

Antitussives

These drugs are prescribed depending on the phase of the disease. The first is characterized by a coughing. The doctor appoints, as a rule:

• "Sinekod."
• "Stoptussin."

Excellent expectorant drugs are:

• Ambroxol.
• "Pertusin".
• "Lazolvan".
• "Mukaltin."

Their action is aimed at diluting sputum, repairing the mucosa. Medicines contribute to the excretion of mucus.

There are pharmacological agents that can suppress cough. These drugs can only be purchased with a doctor's prescription. The need to use such medicines can be judged only by the pediatrician.

Massage

This procedure is recommended as an auxiliary therapy. It is allowed to do massage with bronchitis in children only after reaching the age of 6 months.

The baby should be put on the tummy. The head of a small patient should almost be lower than the chest and pelvis. You can achieve this by placing a pillow or a folded blanket under the baby's body.

To begin massage at a bronchitis at children follows from gentle grinding an essential oil of a back. Carefully, with the pads of your fingers tap the back of the baby and his offshoot. After such a procedure, the child should be seated and allowed to cough. Massage is great for sputum production from the lungs.

Place the child immediately on one side. Do all the above procedures. Repeat the actions should be on the other side. Massage should last from 10 to 15 minutes. Pediatricians are advised to exercise no more than two procedures per day.

In this case, you should know that at an elevated temperature and a dry cough without sputum massage should not be done.

Diet and regimen

These are also important factors. Their observance can contribute to the healing process. Therefore, they should not be neglected. Baby food should be useful and balanced. It should consist of easily digestible products.

The drinking regime is also important. Fluids a sick child need 2 times more. You can offer the baby a cup of tea with raspberries, cranberry fruit drinks, dogrose drinks. Allergens are best excluded from the diet. Give up honey, chocolate, citrus.

Healing inhalations

The procedure is considered very effective. After all, there is a direct effect of the medicine on the bronchi. For inhalation of a child at home, it is good to use a nebulizer. But you should know that the device is suitable only for pharmaceuticals. You can use the device if you use mineral alkaline water.

If you plan to connect to cure bronchitis in a child, folk remedies, then inhalation is carried out over a saucepan. The baby is covered with a towel, and he inhales warm steam.

Remember, there is a restriction for such an effective procedure - it's a fever! Inhalation can not be performed with it.

So, if the choice has stopped on folk remedies, then several recipes will be useful to you (just do not forget to coordinate them with the pediatrician):

• Add 7-8 drops of iodine to a liter of boiling water. In the solution, enter a spoonful of salt. To increase the effect of this inhalation, you can dilute the mixture with a small proportion of propolis.
• An excellent result is the use of the so-called breast collection, supplemented with eucalyptus leaflets. This procedure has a fairly high healing effect.
• An excellent result will be shown by inhalation, for which twigs of sea-buckthorn, raspberries and mint (dry) are used. All ingredients must be boiled in boiling water for 5 hours.

Doctor Komarovsky's advice

Recently, many parents began to listen with pleasure to the eminent physician. After all, he does not just recommend methods of fighting the disease. His advice allows you to cure diseases much quicker.

What kind of recommendations gives a miracle healer, if there is bronchitis in children? Komarowski emphasizes that coughing is a symptom of a disease that a doctor should diagnose. And the illness should be treated together, listening to the doctor's recommendations.

Cough promotes the excretion of mucus from a child's body. Therefore, it is important that the sputum does not dry out. After all, it affects the process of self-healing. For this, the baby needs fresh cool air and plenty of liquid.

Bronchitis in children Komarowski recommends treatment only in consultation with the treating pediatrician. To combat the main symptom - a cough - the doctor offers a list of effective and fairly harmless drugs:

• "Mukaltin."
• Potassium iodide.
• Moist-anise drops.
• Bromhexine.
• "Lazolvan".
• "Acetylcysteine."

The appointment of antibiotics for bronchitis is condemned by the doctor. He explicitly states that such a measure in most cases not only does not treat, but also leads to serious complications. Dr. Komarovsky highlights the main areas of the fight against the disease in children. Consider these:

• the inclusion of antiviral drugs;
• consumption of large amounts of liquid;
• Humidification of air in the room in which the diseased baby is;
• treatment of the nasal cavity.

The doctor singles out the use of massage procedures as a special item in his technique. Of course, at high temperatures this is taboo, this procedure is unacceptable! But in the stage when there is bronchitis without temperature in the child, massage makes it much easier and faster to get rid of mucus.

To the above method, you can add another amazing technique, recommended by the famous doctor.

Suggest that the baby take a deep breath. After this, the child will begin to cough. It is at this time that you need to squeeze the baby's chest with both hands.

Dr. Komarovsky believes that massage techniques for treating bronchitis are the most effective means to combat the disease.

Vitaminotherapy

The child's body is weakened by the onslaught of infections. And to mobilize forces to fight the disease is necessary in the shortest possible time. Therefore, it is important to help a small organism to overcome the infection. This greatly stimulates recovery. A sick child especially needs vitamins B1, B2, C, A. This measure is considered not only curative. This is also a great preventive method of fighting infections. Therefore, it is not recommended to stop taking vitamins immediately after recovery.

Preventive measures

What factors can protect a child's body from a formidable illness? The most important thing is to protect the child from tobacco smoke. The kid should not be a passive smoker. This has a very negative effect on children's bronchi.

It is equally important to accustom a child to hardening. Never try to eat your child. Be equal to yourself. If the weather you wear a thin knitted cap, then the child should wear such, and not fur.

Be sure to carry out all the vaccinations that are prescribed by the district pediatrician.

Conclusion

Never do self-medication. Remember that only a pediatrician can diagnose bronchitis in children. Treatment at home will only benefit if it is agreed with the doctor. Let your child be healthy.

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