Coccyx cyst: symptoms and treatment

Coccygeal cyst and its treatment

The coccyx cyst is a pathological formation in the subcutaneous fat that is communicated with the external environment through the epithelial course.

In medical practice, the disease occurs under other names - dermoid cyst, epithelial coccygeal (ECX), pilonidal sinus, fistula of the coccyx.

The disease is several times more common in men than in women, occurs at a young age (15-35 years) and is associated with congenital maldevelopment of soft tissues in the sacrococcygeal articulation.

In the ICD 10 the tailbone cyst is assigned code L05. The disease is treated surgically, which prevents the development of complications and the progression of pathology.

Causes

The disease has several names that reflect the localization of the cyst, the causes of the pathology and the stage of the disease.

The epithelial coccygeal is usually located in the superficial layers of the epithelium, the dermoid tailbone cyst lies deep in the skin, The pilonidal sinus develops due to ingrown hair, and the tail of the coccyx is an acute stage of the disease with suppuration of the soft tissues. In this case, the cyst is not associated with distal sections of the large intestine, coccyx and other bone anatomical structures.

All the names of the disease refer to a single pathological process that develops as a result of a violation of the embryonic development of subcutaneous fat.

They are located above the anus in the area of ​​the gluteal fold.

Structure of the cyst in the coccyx region

The inner capsule of the cyst lining the skin epithelium.

Through the funnel-shaped openings, the dead cells of the epidermis, the secret of the sweat and fat glands, are emitted to the outside.

In the case of blockage of abnormal strokes, infection develops, leading to purulent inflammation and the appearance of symptoms of the disease.

The appearance of clinical signs of the disease is affected by the following adverse factors:

• trauma in the sacrococcygeal articulation;
• overheating of the body, which is accompanied by increased sweating;
• supercooling;
• sedentary way of life (sedentary work);
• decreased immune forces of the body;
• infectious diseases with fever;
• violation of body hygiene;
• well developed hairline in the gluteal fold.

Clinical picture

Pilonidal sinus is formed in the coccyx region during embryonic development and is localized in the subcutaneous fat tissue from the moment of the birth of the child. The disease for a long time is asymptomatic and can be characterized by a slight itch and discomfort in the gluteal fold.

When exposed to unfavorable factors of the external or internal environment, the epithelial coccygeal blockage occurs, which forms the formation of a festering cyst. The stage of acute inflammation is accompanied by vivid clinical manifestations and causes patients to seek medical help.

Appearance of the pilonidal sinus on the skin

Characteristic symptoms of the coccyx cyst:

• pain in the area of ​​the sacrococcygeal joint above the anus;
• increased pain during walking and sitting;
• in case of suppuration, painful sensations take on a permanent, pulling character;
• the formation of a round infiltrate in the gluteal fold, which is painful when palpated;
• edema and redness of tissues in the area of ​​inflammation;
• The mucopurulent exudate is secreted from the primary or secondary opening;
• ingrowing of hair into the skin above the surface of the cyst;
• signs of intoxication (headache, drowsiness, fever).

Complications of the acute stage of the dermoid cyst:

• fistula formation;
• phlegmon or abscess in the area of ​​sacrococcygeal articulation;
• wetting skin eczema;
• osteomyelitis (purulent lesion of pelvic bones);
• paraproctitis (inflammation of the cellulitis around the rectum);
• proctitis (inflammation of the rectum);
• squamous cell carcinoma.

Diagnostics

We recommend reading the article:Than to treat a coccyx injury in the home

Pilonidal sinus has a constantly progressive chronic course with a gradual involvement of a large volume of soft tissues in the coccyx in the pathological process. Therefore, it is important to resort to medical care at the initial stages of the disease when the first clinical manifestations occur. There is a question, to what doctor to address at suspicion on a dermoid cyst? You can make an appointment with a therapist who, after examining and identifying complaints, will refer you to a specialist. Diagnosis and treatment of the disease is done by a proctologist.

The clinical signs of the coccyx cyst and the examination of the pathology site in most cases do not cause doubts in the diagnosis. Sometimes differential diagnosis of pathology with osteomyelitis of the sacrum and coccyx is required, fistula with inflammation of the rectum.

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For this purpose, x-ray of the pelvic region is prescribed in two projections. Conduct a sigmoidoscopy - an endoscopic examination of the rectum.

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After the diagnosis is made, the question of the appointment of an urgent or planned operation depending on the severity and stage of the pathological process.

Therapeutic tactics

For effective treatment, coccyx cysts are prescribed a radical method of therapy - surgery, using various methods of removing pathological formation.

Without surgery, you can only achieve temporary improvement in the patient's condition, but the progression of the disease and the development of relapse can not be completely ruled out.

The earlier surgical intervention, the less likely the formation of complications, the easier the technical part of the operation, the more favorable the postoperative recovery period. Removal of the coccygeal cyst is performed under local anesthesia.

Place of operation with dermoid cyst: a - location of abnormal holes, b - skin incision boundaries, c - wound shape after cyst removal

Techniques aimed at excising the coccyx cyst:

1. Method of open wound. After opening the abscess, purifying the purulent pockets and excising the cysts, the edges of the wound are hemmed to the bottom. This helps reduce the risk of relapse, but increases the healing time of the wound and the recovery period to 4-8 weeks. This method is used in the case of urgent surgery at the stage of acute inflammation.
2. Method of closed wound. After the cyst is removed, the wound is sutured and a drainage hole is left. The procedure is characterized by shorter terms of the recovery period. The wound heals in 2-3 weeks. To reduce the risk of relapse, the surgical method is used in the case of planned operations at the stage of remission of the pathological process.
3. The Bascom method. Cutting of the skin in the area of ​​the cysts is carried out in the direction from the primary abnormal courses to the secondary passages or fistulas. In this case, the primary moves are sutured, and drainages are placed in the cavity of the secondary passages for the removal of inflammatory exudates.
4. The Karadakis method. The removal of the coccyx cyst and the flap of the skin above it is carried out by mixing the pathology site towards the median line between the buttocks. This makes it possible to improve wound healing and reduce the terms of the recovery postoperative period.

Appearance of the surgical site after suturing

Before and after surgery, a course of antibiotics with a broad spectrum of action is prescribed to limit the spread of infection and prevent secondary infection of the wound.

When severe pain occurs, anesthetics (tempalgin, analgin, baralgin) and non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs (diclofenac, paracetamol, ibuprofen) are used.

Sutures are removed 10-14 days after the operation. The wound is dressed daily until sutures are removed.

Within a month after surgery, you need to exclude physical activity, weight lifting, sitting position on a hard surface and sleeping on your back.

Patient Reviews

Effective treatment of coccyx cysts is performed only surgically, conservative therapy is prescribed at the stage of preparation for surgery or in case of contraindications to surgical intervention. Below are the patients' feedback on the treatment of the disease and the post-operative consequences.

Holes in the sacrum that connect the cyst cavity with the external environment are marked with red arrows

Oleg Sergeevich, 32 years old. From a young age disturbed discomfort in the coccyx, a rash appeared between the buttocks, itching in the sitting position. After a fall during the winter ice there were pains in the region of the sacrum.

To the doctor did not address, greased a bruise anesthetic ointment, the condition has improved. However, a month later the pain resumed, a swelling formed over the sacrum, which did not allow sitting and moving normally.

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Has consulted with the proctologist, the doctor has diagnosed a dermoid cyst. Have appointed or nominated antibiotics and operation on excision of a cyst. The wound was healed after the operation for several months, a large scar was formed at the site of the incision, which later had to be removed with a laser.

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According to the doctor, complications could be avoided with the timely request for medical help.

Valentina, 25 years old. At the age of 20 I was diagnosed with a coccyx cyst. Has addressed to the doctor in occasion of an itch in the field of a coccyx and a dyscomfort during a long sitting position on employment at institute. The doctor recommended surgery.

I'm glad that I got rid of the obsessive itch and now I can not limit myself in everyday life.

Konstantin Petrovich, 29 years old. The coccyx cyst was removed 10 years ago in the surgical department of the district hospital. The wound healed quickly, returned to work in 2 weeks.

Over the years, periodically there was puffiness and pain in the interannual area in the cold season. He did not go to the doctor, because the disease did not worry much and passed independently.

A month ago, the flu was badly affected, and the cyst again declared itself - an abscess appeared in the coccyx with the release of pus. The therapist gave a referral for a consultation with the proctologist, who prescribed a re-operation for excising the dermoid cyst.

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I spent a month in the hospital. I recommend immediately to address to narrow experts to receive an effective result and to forget about illness once and for all.

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The tailbone cyst is a congenital disease characterized by a progressive course and manifests itself under the influence of unfavorable factors.

Effective treatment is possible only under the condition of an operation to excise pathological education in a proctology department.

Early detection of the disease and the appointment of planned surgical intervention outside the acute phase reduces the risk of recurrence and leads to complete recovery.

A source: http://MoyaSpina.ru/bolezni/kopchikovaya-kista

Symptoms and treatment of coccyx cyst

In the initial stage, the symptoms of the coccyx cyst are rather scarce - only mucosal discharge can be released from the epithelial passage. Then, in the cyst, secretions from the sweat glands accumulate with the epidermis and hair. Attachment of infection is provoked by a number of factors:

• domestic and sports injuries;
• supercooling;
• catarrhal and viral inflammatory diseases.

The suppurative epithelial coccygeal cyst along with the organic products trapped in its cavity may be complicated by an abscess, a common fistula or eczema.

What is a dermoid cyst?

If there is no external opening in the epithelial cyst or its overgrowth occurred, the pathological formation is considered a dermoid cyst. It has a tight capsule. The first signs of it are associated with suppuration.

The dermoid cyst is often opened in surrounding tissues and complicated by phlegmon. Opening the festering cyst leads to the formation of fistula and several strokes.

The course is more severe, therefore requires careful surgical treatment and a longer rehabilitation period.

Main clinical manifestations

The clinical course of the cyst can be acute and chronic, with the formation of fistulas in the subcutaneous tissue.

Patients notice a small formation with uneven contours, which interferes with movement. The infected cyst causes severe pain and hyperthermia.

The skin becomes swollen, infiltrated and hyperemic.

Chronic inflammation brings less suffering. From the hole on the coccyx, scant pus stands out. Skin edematous and red. Some holes are clogged, others are functioning.

Painful sensations constantly increase: from insignificant to strong, raspirujushchej pains.

Progressing current is accompanied by unbearable pain: the patient is rushing from pain, the temperature reaches 40 degrees. Around the hearth is formed wet eczema. In rare cases, the cyst can acquire a malignant course. Thus, the cysts are characterized by the following symptoms:

• redness in the coccyx after hypothermia or trauma;
• swelling of tissues;
• diffuse redness;
• pulsating or bursting pain;
• the presence of a hole between the buttocks, surrounded by hyperemia;
• discharge from the hole;
• high body temperature.

The presence of at least one of the symptoms is the reason for contacting a surgeon.

Diagnostic studies consist of sounding and sigmoidoscopy.

This will allow to differentiate the cyst from osteomyelitis and fistulas of the rectum. An auxiliary method is also X-ray diagnostics.

How can I be cured?

Treatment of a cyst consists in its removal by a surgical method. There are several surgical methods for closing fistulas:

• excising the entire wound field;
• partial excision with the wound closing the skin graft.

In the latter case, healing is faster.
Therapeutic procedures (ointments, powders, baths) do not affect the outcome of congenital pathology. After removal of the cyst with excision of the capsule, a full recovery occurs.

Otherwise, constant infection through the open hole leads to a recurrent course, which can transform into malignant formation. There are cases when prolonged conservative treatment led to the development of a cancerous tumor.

Therefore, a radical solution is recommended in the early stages of the disease.

What is the surgical intervention?

Surgical treatment is used at any stage. A radical operation is performed under general anesthesia. Its technique is simple. After removal of the cyst, all epithelial passages and fistulas, the patient's condition improves significantly. The duration of the operation is about 40 minutes.

After, - 2 hours after completion of the operation, the patient starts walking.

After a re-examination (after 6 hours), the patient is discharged for outpatient monitoring.

The presence of a fistula with branched courses suggests a longer inpatient treatment. Features of the course of the postoperative period:

• duration of healing (about a month);
• the rehabilitation period is at least 3 months.

How to speed up recovery after surgery?

Several recommendations will help reduce the postoperative period:

• hygiene of the postoperative area (depilation and treatment with antiseptic);
• restriction of motor activity (sitting position can lead to the divergence of the edges of the wound);
• Exclusion from the diet of spicy food to prevent skin irritation in this area;
• treatment of the wound surface with chlorhexidine and changing the dressing to the removal of stitches;
• within six months avoid heavy physical exertion.

Forecast of the postoperative period

Modern methods of anesthesia and observance of recommendations for the recovery period make the prognosis favorable, and relapses - impossible.

Therefore, the detected coccyx cyst requires immediate contact with a surgeon for subsequent removal.

This will avoid many complications and will not bring sudden surprises at the most unpleasant moment.

A source: http://www.infmedserv.ru/stati/simptomy-i-lechenie-kisty-kopchika

Coccyx cyst

The tailbone cyst is a pathological change in the coccyx subcutaneous tissue, which forms a connection with the environment through the formation of an epithelial course.

The cyst on the coccyx is a painful disease that greatly reduces the patient's standard of living. When the cyst is formed ECX - epithelial coccygeal passage. The disease is more likely to be male and appears at the stronger sex several times more often.

Epithelial coccygeal cyst refers to proctology, as it forms in the anus. Often, localization is possible near the anus, presenting the danger of contamination of the blood with calves.

Symptoms and treatment vary greatly from stage to stage, therefore to treat the epithelial coccygeal course is desirable only from a good specialist, without resorting to folk remedies.

Causes

For the coccygeal cyst, different causes of emergence, depending on which the name may change. It begins with the development of a cyst in the adipose tissue next to the coccyx.

The cyst is a hollow, malignant growth with thin walls, which is usually filled with interstitial fluid.

Dimensions are different and depend on the origin of the cyst.

Often, almost all causes are only secondary, leading only to an acute course of cystosis.

The cyst can form during the prenatal period of fetal development, but remains of minor size until the moment of exacerbation and active growth.

Her development can be trauma, stress, falling immunity.

• The epithelial coccyx cyst and symptoms are formed due to:
• Trauma in the sacrum;
• Sweating in the sacrum and coccyx;
• Subcooling;
• Decreased immunity;
• A sedentary lifestyle;
• Poor hygiene.

Injuries in the region of the sacrum, coccyx and sacrococcygeal joint cause neoplasm in damaged tissues, in this case, there will be a traumatism of subcutaneous fat, which causes the formation of new tissues. Often, these injuries occur in winter, which, combined with weakened immunity and supercooling, causes the formation of pathological tissues. Normally, the immune system destroys pathological formations that do not correspond to normal cells of the body. The same process occurs with cancer cells, because with the weakening of immunity, tumors can arise.

We advise you to read:perineural cyst at level s2 of the vertebra.

Sweating increases the damage to the surface tissues, with hygiene started, can cause a twinge, which will accelerate the process, increasing the epithelial coccygeal passage.

After thinning the wall, the process of opening the cyst occurs, which is accompanied by bleeding, the separation of pus and pain. In the coccygeal, symptoms of inflammation will be noticeable.

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Subcooling can cause necrosis of adipose tissue. A large amount of water is deposited in adipose tissue, which is a good heat conductor.

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This leads to supercooling of adipose tissue, its destruction. When localized at the level of the coccyx, subcutaneous necrosis occurs without significant lesions, because they are far from the organs.

When destroyed, the vacant space is filled with intercellular fluid.

Reducing immunity often leads to the formation of different formations. One of the functions of leukocytes is the destruction of cells that have a mutated set of DNA and RNA.

In the case of weakening, the white blood cells become insufficient to destroy the cells.

After a while, the process becomes impossible due to the modification of the recognizing apparatus of the leukocyte, which begins to perceive the sick tumor cell as healthy.

Such tissues include fatty tissue. The process is similar to necrosis during supercooling. Forms a cystic vesicle that grows and becomes filled with fluid.

Epithelial coccygeal in this case is formed due to thinning of the integumentary tissues.

Stages of the disease

There are two stages - cysts and dermoid cyst. The first is just the formation of a cyst in fatty tissue.

It can not give visible symptoms for many years and can only be detected accidentally with a general magnetic resonance imaging.The dermoid cyst is characterized by the formation of a fistula.

This condition is acute, ulcers are formed, adjacent organs are inflamed. This condition requires immediate treatment.

Symptoms

Since the disease can be asymptomatic for a long time, the main symptoms are isolated at the stage of a strong increase in the size of the cyst and the formation of the dermoid cyst. At the stage of increase, cysts are secreted:

• Pain in the buttocks;
• Formation of compaction on the gluteal fold;
• Redness and swelling;
• Growth of hair in the skin;
• Intoxication.

The pain in the buttock area is associated with the infringement of the nerve tissues that lie in the coccygeal and sacral plexus.Pain can take a jerky, unstable character.

This will be symptoms of the formation of suppuration in the cyst, which periodically secrete pus.

With pus, symptoms of intoxication will also be noticeable - insomnia, fever, headache and, in extreme cases, vomiting.

Pain can increase when the position changes - when walking or sitting. In this case, you should immediately consult a doctor, because in addition to the cyst, there may be damage to the tailbone, its curvature or the initial stages of osteochondrosis.

The cyst will palpate as a seal, painful to pressure. In its structure it will resemble dense infiltration.It is important not to press strongly on the compaction, as it is possible to provoke the rupture of the cyst and the release of the contents into tissues.

Also, efforts can cause a rupture of the surface tissues.

For dermoid cyst and coccygeal the following symptoms are typical:

• Fistula;
• Abscess in the coccyx;
• Osteomyelitis;
• Paraproctitis and proctitis;
• Eczema of the skin.

Fistula is a pathological and unnatural communication between the environment and internal parts of the body.

Outwardly it will look like a hole at the level of the coccyx, which ends in fatty tissues, bones or, in the most severe cases, in the rectum.

As a consequence of the fistula, various tissue lesions can occur.

• We advise you to read: why does the coccyx hurts

The most severe will be sacral osteomyelitis, which causes damage to the tissues of the spinal cord and as consequence can lead to loss of activity of the lower extremities and at development of the disease - to of death.

Paraproctitis and proctitis are diseases of the rectum and surrounding tissues, characterized by tissue damage and the development of inflammatory processes.

The tailbone and sacrum in men can also touch the prostate, causing purulent prostatitis.

Treatment

The most common treatment is a surgical procedure to cut out the cyst and stitch the skin.

Techniques are different, but the essence of the operation is one - the cyst is completely removed from the adipose tissue, and the place of the cutting is sewn together, forming a seam.

Physicians identify the following methods:

• Method of open wound;
• Closed wound method;
• The Baska method;
• The Karadakis method.

The methods of open and closed wounds are similar. The operation begins with excision of the skin around the cyst, the place is determined by either MRI or X-ray.

After that all the contents of the cyst are removed, the strokes are cleared.With the method of open wound, the edges are hemmed inward, to the bottom of the wound.

This increases the healing time to 4-8 weeks, but prevents the development of relapses and repeated cysts.

When the wound is closed, leave a small hole for drainage, where a drainage tube for pus is inserted.

The rest of the wound is stitched together, forming a seam.

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The method guarantees a faster recovery - about 2-3 weeks, but there is a higher chance of formation of repeated wrinkles and the formation of a secondary cyst.

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This allows faster acceleration of the healing process, since the method requires a smaller section of the cut. The coccygeal cyst is perfectly treatable by this method, and in the presence of secondary fistulas it is used as recommended.

The method of Karidakis is the displacement of the section in the direction of the median line between the buttocks.

This allows to improve the speed of healing and almost does not leave unnatural scars on the body, as the surgical suture quickly decreases and becomes invisible on the gluteal line.

Almost always, removal operations are carried out under local anesthesia, because at this level there is not a large number of important nerve plexuses or vessels.

In general, the prognosis for surgery is positive, complications are rare.

Difficulty appears if the pathology is complicated by ongoing purulent processes of pelvic organs and bones.

Despite the apparent insignificance of the disease, you should not hesitate to consult a doctor. It is worth giving an account of their actions, because slowing down and confrontation with the treatment process can only cause more damage to your body.

by HyperComments

A source: https://pozvonochnik.guru/opuholi/kista-kopchika.html

Coccygeal cyst: causes of occurrence - detailed information

The appearance of painful sensations in the coccyx region indicates the development of the disease. If the pain increases, then suspicions fall on the coccyx cyst. The cause of the onset of the disease is mainly associated with pathologies, an innate nature.

When the embryo develops in the mother's womb, the sacrococcygeal tissues begin to form at the developmental stage. In the case of their pathological formation, the coccygeal cyst is formed.

For men aged 15 to 30 years is a threat to the development of the coccygeal cyst (epithelial), on the contrary, women practically do not fall into the risk group.

Coccygeal cyst: causes

Pathogenesis of the disease

The narrow and slightly elongated cavity is the coccygeal tract. It is located in the area of ​​interannual folds. From the inside, this cavity consists of epithelium and is not connected with the coccyx.

On the surface of the skin in this area there are a couple of holes, almost invisible to the eye (primary epithelial motion). Their main purpose - the allocation of sebum, sweat.

Having dealt with physiology, you can go directly to the pathology.

When the primary passage is clogged, then there is a possibility of developing an internal inflammatory process.

Consequently, the inflammatory process becomes purulent.

Development of the coccygeal cyst

Quite often the patient treats the problem already in neglected form and explains this by the fact that for a long time the cyst does not disturb the patient, there is no general symptomatology.

Only when the inflammatory process becomes aggravated and begins to be accompanied by increased pain and increased body temperature.

If the patient ignores this symptomatology and mutes the pain syndrome with anesthetic drugs, then the destructive processes of the initial walls of the cavity begin. As a result, the coccygeal cyst goes out like a fistula and forms a secondary aperture.

Why there is an exacerbation?

The coccygeal cyst is an ailment, an innate nature, but throughout life can absolutely not bother a person. However, under the influence of a number of factors, its development may become more active. These include:

1. Reduction of the protective functions of immunity.
2. Possible trauma in the coccyx.
3. Permanent sedentary work or lack of mobility.
4. Penetration into the body of infection.
5. Poor compliance with hygiene rules.
6. The onset of inflammation in the hair follicle.
7. Subcooling.
8. Damage to the skin near the coccyx.

The onset of inflammation in the hair follicle is one of the causes of the appearance of the coccygeal cyst

Clinical picture

Distinguish the types of cysts in the place of localization and pathogenesis:

1. The epithelial course is located directly in the upper layers of the epithelium.
2. The dermoid cyst is formed in deeper tissues.
3. Pilonidal sinus is provoked by abnormal hair growth or inflammation of the hair follicle.
4. The coccygeal fistula is the last stage of the cyst, which is accompanied by a purulent process of soft tissues.

Pilonidal sinus is provoked by an abnormal inflammation of the hair follicle

Despite this, all types of cysts have a single inflammatory pathological process, the causes of which are embryonic disorders in the formation of subcutaneous fat.

As a result, a cyst is formed, which is an oval capsule with a primary abnormal course. An inner capsule is formed from the skin epithelium.

When the cords become clogged, dead epithelial cells and fat glands cease to be excreted, which leads to the development of infection and the subsequent process of pus formation.

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Pilonidal sinus (one of the varieties of coccygeal cyst) occurs during the development of the embryo. In this case, the disease will have a latent form.

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Suspicions on the development of the coccygeal cyst may be caused by slight discomfort and the appearance of itching in the area of ​​the gluteal fold.

If pain occurs, the patient should contact a medical institution.

A schematic depiction of the coccygeal cyst

How does the symptomatology manifest itself?

1. Slightly above the anus is the sacrococcygeal joint, where severe pain develops during the development of the cyst.
2. Soreness starts to build up when the patient sits or while walking.
3. When there is a festering, then there is a pulsating twitching pain.
4. When palpation, you can find an infiltrate that, when pressed, is characterized by soreness.
5. In the field of inflammation, redness and swelling are observed.
6. When the stage is started, purulent exudate may leave.
7. Over the cyst occurs ingrowth into the skin of the hair.
8. There may be first signs of intoxication (high fever, headaches, weakness, drowsiness).

Redness and swelling in the area of ​​inflammation is one of the signs of the coccygeal cyst

What are the complications of a dermoid cyst?

1. A fistula is formed, which removes the purulent contents outwards.
2. An abscess of the sacrococcygeal joint is possible.
3. In the absence of competent care, the risk of purulent pelvic involvement is increased.
4. Begins to develop a wet eczema of the skin.
5. Paraproctitis (when there is an inflammatory process of cellulose) and proctitis (inflammation in the rectum).
6. Cancer.

- What is the coccyx cyst

How is the diagnosis of coccygeal cysts?

If you have symptoms, which gives suspicion of coccygeal cyst should immediately consult a doctor. When a neglected stage is detected, the patient will need repeated surgical intervention. Then a long and painful period of rehabilitation is ahead.

Diagnosis of the disease is not difficult. But, the characteristic symptomatology can be similar to other unpleasant diseases, therefore, the diagnosis is made according to local manifestations of pathology.

The first signs in the diagnosis are:

1. Tearing pain.
2. Formation of a tumor in the area of ​​the interannual fold.
3. From the arisen fistula, purulent contents are excreted.
4. Detection of depressions in the skin - primary holes. Sometimes they appear in the form of boils or acne.

Photo of coccygeal cyst

Is pathology curable?

Remove the coccyx cyst without consequences, only by surgery. The operation as the most effective method of treatment is performed at any stage of the manifestation of the disease and is indicated for any form of cyst.

During surgery, the epithelial tube is removed. Also, the channels and primary passages are subject to liquidation.

Experts recommend, conduct surgical treatment during remissions, but in extreme cases, when exacerbation worsens, then surgical operations should be started immediately.

Depending on how the patient transfers general anesthesia, either general anesthesia or local anesthesia of the operated site will be used. The duration of the operation of this pathology does not exceed half an hour.

Removal of the coccygeal cyst

Methods of excising cysts

Method name Procedure

Open wound technique	When the abscess is opened, and purulent pockets are cleared, the edges of the formed wound are sewn to the bottom. This method eliminates the re-emergence of the disease, but significantly increases the healing period, which can last for two months. This surgical intervention is used extremely rarely in case of urgent need for exacerbations of the coccygeal cyst
Closed wound technique	After the excision of the cyst, an opening is left for drainage. Thus, after the operation, the recovery period does not take more than three weeks. It is used to prevent permanent relapses
The Bascom method	This method involves operating the cyst in the direction from primary to secondary abnormal courses. The essence of the operation is to suture the primary moves, and in the secondary area - to establish a drainage system for the withdrawal of exudate
The method of Caridasa	Elimination of the coccygeal cyst and flap of the skin occurs with the mixing of the pathological site in the direction to the middle of the gluteal line. Consequently, healing occurs much faster, and the rehabilitation period is less painful for the patient

It is surgical treatment that gives full guarantees of getting rid of the disease and a quick recovery.

To prevent the emergence of an acute inflammatory process, the cavity of the cyst is opened and cleared from accumulated purulent contents.

After that the patient is waiting for a rehabilitation period, the duration of which depends on the method of surgical excision. At this time the patient is obliged to follow strict recommendations.

1. Temporarily limit yourself from heavy physical exertion, in particular lifting weights.
2. No sudden temperature changes and hypothermia.
3. Often change the position of the body.

Surgery to remove the coccygeal cyst

All the time of rehabilitation of the patient is observed by the leading doctor, if the inflammation after the performed operation does not stop, then a repeated cleansing of the cyst cavity is necessary.

Radical excision of pathology (formed fistula and scar tissue) is allowed only in the absence of inflammatory process and preliminary purification of the cavity from purulent contents.

Despite the fact that the patient can return to normal life three weeks after the operation, the rehabilitation period is completed only after a month and a half.

In the postoperative period, one should adhere to such recommendations:

1. For three weeks it is not recommended to sit or lie for a long time in the position on the back.
2. Within a month you can not lift weights.
3. After removing the joints, the patient should regularly wash the gluteal fold with an antiseptic.
4. For six months, apply epilation in the field of surgical intervention to prevent ingrown hairs and relapses.

The coccygeal cyst is a dangerous disease, in the absence of treatment of which, there is an abscess of tissues, an eczema of the skin.

A source: https://med-explorer.ru/ortopediya/lechenie-spiny/kopchikovaya-kista-prichiny-vozniknoveniya.html

Features of treatment of coccyx cyst: symptoms, surgery, photo before and after, postoperative care

The tailbone cyst is a congenital, embryonic pathology of the motor apparatus, manifested mainly in men (women are very rare) under the age of 30 years.

In medicine, a painful deviation from the normal state has other names: dermoid cyst, epithelial coccygeal (ECX), fistula, pilonidal sinus.

They arise because of anomalies of soft tissues in the sacrococcygeal region, when the fetus develops in the mother's womb. Pathology can not show itself for a long period of time.

How does a coccyx cyst look like: Photo

Physiology

After conception, the human embryo undergoes several stages of development. At the very beginning of the laying and formation of the bone system, the tail begins to form in the fetus.

Under the influence of a certain group of hormones, it remains in its infancy. If at this moment a failure occurs, the elements of the muscle tissue degenerate into an epithelial coccygeal passage.

It is a small cavity, from the inside lined with an epithelial (mucous) tissue. It is not associated with either the sacrum or the coccyx.

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Epithelium secretes sebum, sweats. Therefore, a small hole appears on the surface of the skin to remove the products of its vital activity. It is located at a distance of 7-10 cm above the anus.

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If the hole is clogged, an inflammatory process begins, which causes the infection to enter and form a cyst.

It is an oval-shaped capsule having its anomalous course, with the new opening being several times larger than before.

The inflammatory process progresses and further a secondary anomalous hole is formed, and the epithelial cyst develops into the dermoid cyst. It has a more dense capsule and clear boundaries. This can easily be seen with a simple visual inspection and probing.

The focus of soft tissue damage is increasing.

Causes of pathology

Despite the fact that the coccyx cyst is a congenital disease, external factors can also provoke its development:

• injuries;
• sedentary lifestyle;
• poor body hygiene;
• infectious diseases of inflammatory nature;
• severe hypothermia of the whole organism;
• a sharp decrease in immunity.

The probability of pathology in the female and male embryos is the same. But according to medical statistics, men suffer from coccyx cysts 5 times more often than women. This is due to the structure of their body: the male epithelial course is most predisposed to inflammation unlike the female.

Symptoms and clinical manifestations

Given the inflammatory nature of the disease, it can become chronic when the periods of exacerbation are replaced by periods of calm, and the patient does not seek help from a specialist. In the future, with a strong suppuration of the cyst, a secondary hole or fistula is formed. Through it pus, mucus and dead epithelium go out.

The coccyx cyst always develops in the subcutaneous fat layer from the very birth of the baby. The disease for a long time remains unnoticed, because it is asymptomatic.

In rare cases in the area of ​​the coccyx, the patient notices a slight itching and discomfort. When exposed to unfavorable external causes, there is a blockage of the coccygeal opening and growth of the cyst.

Acute inflammation is characterized by the following symptoms:

• in the coccyx there is a sharp permanent character of pain, the epicenter of which is located above the anus.
• while walking, in a sitting position, the pain intensifies;
• In the gluteal fold, a rounded seal (infiltrate) is formed - a cluster of cellular elements in the subcutaneous fat tissue with an admixture of blood and lymph. When palpating or pressing, the pain sensations increase.
• the skin in the area of ​​inflammation becomes red and swollen.
• Strong headache.
• chills, fever.
• drowsiness.

Diagnostics

Clinical symptoms of the disease and examination of the focus of inflammation usually do not raise doubts in the diagnosis. In rare cases, a specialist can refer a patient to the x-ray of the pelvic area to exclude possible diseases such as rectal fistula and osteomyelitis of the sacrum and coccyx.

Features of treatment

Treatment of the coccyx cyst is conservative (to relieve pain and severe condition in the patient, as well as during the recovery period after surgery) and surgical methods.

Conservative therapy

This method of treatment is used only to temporarily alleviate the patient's condition with acute inflammation and severe pain. It does not allow to exclude the further growth of the cyst and the recurrence of the acute inflammatory process.

Therefore, the earlier the surgical operation is applied, the less the risk of complications development and the shorter the recovery period after the operation.

If you can not immediately consult a specialist, in cases of acute inflammation and severe pain, you can use the following folk remedies for temporary relief of the patient's condition:

1. Art. l. marigold flowers pour 1 tbsp. cold water and bring to a boil. Boil for 1-2 minutes. Decoction to close the lid and insist for at least half an hour. In the infusion, moisten the tissue and apply to the localization of pain for 3-4 hours, then apply a new compress.
2. Moisten a napkin or clean cloth in alcohol tincture of propolis and apply to the place of suppuration. The compress should be changed at least every 3 hours.
3. 1 tbsp. l. tar mix with 2 tbsp. l. butter. Apply the mixture to the area of ​​inflammation at night, from above can be covered with a packet or film.
4. With severe pain, the affected area can be smeared with toothpaste with an extract of coniferous tree, hold for 2-3 minutes and rinse with warm water, then gently wipe the skin with a towel.

As medicament preparations for the removal of acute pain and to relieve the condition, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can be used:

• ibuprofen;
• aspirin;
• diclofenac;
• ketoprofen;
• piroxicam.

Operative intervention

Treatment of pathology is carried out only in an operative way. The operation to remove the coccyx cyst is performed by various methods under local anesthesia.

The specialist chooses one or another variant of the surgical intervention depending on the course of the disease (chronic stage, acute inflammation, fistulas, purulent infection of tissues, etc.):

1. Method of open wound. This is the most severe form of surgery with a long recovery period (about 2 months). The method is used to excise a neglected form of the cyst complicated by the formation of fistulas or abscesses with an inflammatory process in the surrounding soft tissues. The surgeon runs dry out the coccyx cyst completely, edges the wound sutures to its bottom, establishes drainage for the outflow of purulent formations and lymph. 2-3 months after the operation, the patient is completely restored, relapses (renewal and new development of the coccyx cyst) are excluded.
2. Method of closed wound. After excising the coccyx cyst, the surgeon drains the wound. Leaves in it a small hole through which the outflow of its contents occurs. The recovery period is 2-3 weeks. The method is used for routine surgical interventions: to reduce the risks of returning symptoms of the disease.
3. The Bascom method. The skin on the affected area is removed from the primary abnormal openings to the secondary (fistula). The entire area affected by the cyst is shifted to the inter-saline fold.
4. The Karadakis method. When excising the coccyx cyst and skin area above it, the localization site is shifted to the center of the line between the buttocks. The inflamed patch and skin flap is removed. This accelerates the healing of the postoperative wound and reduces the recovery period of the operated.

As prevention of the spread of infection before and after surgery to remove any type of coccyx cyst (the initial stage of development, a chronic course with purulent inflammation, fistula, etc.).

) the patient is prescribed a course of low-toxic antibiotics of the new generation. With severe pain, the patient is prescribed a course of anti-inflammatory analgesics: ibuprofen, paracetamol, analgin.

After removal of the cyst, the wound is treated, and new dressings are applied every day. Sutures are removed for 10-14 days after the operation. Further care consists in the daily treatment of the wound with iodine, chlorhexidine to prevent secondary infection.

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In the first month after surgery, the patient must completely eliminate physical activity, less sleep on his back, sit on hard surfaces.

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Full working capacity of the patient is restored in 5-6 weeks, regardless of the method of surgical intervention.

Possible consequences and complications

In rare cases, when the coccyx cyst was not completely cured (if dehydrating drugs, and there was no surgical intervention), the patient may exhibit the following complications:

• single or multiple secondary fistulas;
• suppurative inflammation of surrounding tissues with the formation of a purulent cavity (the boundaries of lesions are clearly defined);
• acute purulent inflammation of cellular spaces, which does not have clear boundaries;
• eczema of the skin.

Forecast

The prognosis for the tailbone is favorable. With a qualified surgery, relapses (the resumption of the disease) are completely excluded.

If untimely treatment of a specialist complications are also cured by surgery and medication.

In this case, the patient's stay in the hospital and the recovery post-operative period increase.

Therefore, with the first symptoms, discomfort, pain in the coccyx, you should immediately contact a specialist proctologist.

Early diagnosis of pathology, timely operation and prevention of the chronic stage of pathology development reduces the risk of relapse and guarantees complete and rapid recovery of the organism.

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A source: http://gemors.ru/zabolevaniya/kista-kopchika.html