Sinusitis tablets for treatment

What drugs are used to treat sinusitis, the most effective remedy for sinusitis

Since the time of zemstvo medicine, when there was one doctor in the whole district, whose specialization was surgery, the treatment of maxillary sinusitis was reduced to the principle "where there is pus, wider open".

The wall of the maxillary sinus under local anesthesia was pierced with a wide needle or trocar, after which it was drained with pumping out purulent contents.

This practice existed in the eighties of the last century, leading to the successful disposal of acute sinusitis, but increasing the risks of recurrences that led to subsequent punctures and the formation of a chronic fistulous passage between the maxillary sinus and the cavity nose.

With the appearance in the pharmacological assortment of a large number of various antiseptics and antibacterial means, the treatment of sinusitis has passed to a new qualitative level and is now being carried out in most cases conservatively.

To the credit of modern otolaryngology, it should be noted that the rejection of the surgical route led to a very decent results, both with direct treatment of the disease, and in terms of results. Much less chronic process became, much less stress experienced by the patient, relieved of the need for painful and scary surgical manipulation of the puncture.

What are the real possibilities of medicinal treatment of sinusitis today, and how to choose the least cheap and effective drug set (to treat sinusitis with one drug is still not yet have learned)?

What are the medicines used for sinusitis?

Since the basis of the inflammatory (catarrhal or purulent) process in the maxillary paranasal sinus is infection (more often microbial, less viral or fungal), then by treating the antritis, the drugs choose antimicrobial, antiviral or antifungal.

Antibiotics

Antibiotics - a favorite brainchild of medicine of the 20th century, however, is not the best cure for sinusitis. If treatment is carried out in a clinic equipped with a decent baklaboratoriya and before the beginning of treatment Separated sinuses are sown for the purpose of determining the pathogen and its sensitivity to the antibiotic - it's up to the small.

It remains to choose the drug that shows the greatest activity against the microbe. In this case, one has to take into account that the result of the analysis (sensitivity in vitro) may not coincide with the real working conditions of the antibiotic in the body.

Therefore, immediately choose the strongest drug (in the absence of contraindications and, in the first place, allergic reactions to it). Most often, antibiotics are prescribed empirically, that is, experimentally, based on indications (the presence of yellow or green discharge from the nose, the body's temperature reaction). In this case, a wide-spectrum drug is selected that is active against the majority of potential activators of sinusitis.

Penicillins

For today, they have already lost in the struggle to the majority of microorganisms. And especially staphylococci, which are on the third place among the causative agents of acute or chronic sinusitis (after streptococci and hemophilic rod). However, often in the absence of crops, therapy begins with inhibitor-protected penicillins, which contain additional additives that prevent bacteria from destroying the drug. In addition, penicillins are still an effective tool in the fight against streptococci, which is capable of cause severe complications from the kidneys and joints, as well as secondary rheumatic valve heart diseases.

The most popular tablets are Clavulonate Amoxicillin under the trade names Panklave, Amoxiclav, Flemoclav and Powder for Suspension Augmentin. Sulbactam Ampicillin with names Ampixid in tablets and injections, Unazine, Sultamycillin in injections.

Amoxiclav is a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, active against golden staphylococci, pyogenic and pneumonia streptococci, Escherichia coli, enterobacteria, moraxella and Klebsiella. Thus, it covers most of the spectrum of potential activators of sinusitis. In tablets, the drug is taken in children at the rate of 40 mg per kg of body weight in three divided doses per day. For people over 12 years, 1 tablet (125 mg + 250 mg) every 8 hours or tablet (125 + 500 mg) every 12 hours. The course of therapy is 7 days.

Cephalosporins

The cephalosporins of the second (Cefaclor) and the third (Ceftibuten, Cefixim) generations, because of widespread use, have now made room for and have given way to macrolides. However, in the conditions of budget deficit and growing prices for medicines, they still have not left the stage.

Cefixime (Suprax, Panzef, Tsemideksor) - pills that suppress the growth of hemophilic rods, streptococci, moraxelli, Klebsiella). In half it is excreted by the liver and kidneys. 400 mg of the drug are taken once a day or in half the dosage twice (in adults and children over 12 years). Among the side effects: skin allergy, dry mouth, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, pseudomembranous colitis, growth hepatic transaminases, dizziness, headaches, drop of white blood cells and blood platelets, rarely - interstitial nephritis. The drug is contraindicated for allergies to penicillins and cephalosporins.

Macrolides

Macrolides (Azithromycin, Jozamycin, Clarithromycin) are used in tablets and suspensions in children and adults in courses of 3-5 days. They show similar activity to inhibitor-protected phellenines with less resistance of microorganisms.

Azithromycin (Azitralum, Sumamed, Hemomycin) tablets of 500 or 250 mg are used at a dosage of 500 mg once daily. Side effects are similar to those of cephalosporins. Drugs are undesirable for allergies to macrolides, are questionable when used in pregnant and lactating women.

Fluoroquilones

These are drugs exclusively of adult practice, since they still refer to reserve funds and should used in extreme cases, so that the cross-insensitivity to bacteria does not develop. They have the property of killing bacteria by blocking their DNA. Lomefloxacin (Lomeflox, Lomacin, Xenacvin), Ciprofloxacin (Infipro, Quintor, Zindolin), Ofloxacin (Glaufos, Zanotsin, Kirol), Norfloxacin (Negaflox, Loxon), Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Sparfloxacin (Sparflot).

Locally antibiotics

Local antibiotics sprinkle in the form of a nasal spray: Framicetin (from the group of aminoglyosides, Isofra). The medicine is used 4-6 times a day for 7-10 days.

Antiseptics

These are the drugs of choice in the treatment of viral sinusitis. Since most viral antritemics are treated with antiviral agents, it is expensive and useless (most of the drugs do not have a solid Evidence base), the main goal in viral sinusitis is to provide a decent outflow from the sinus and try to sanitize the cavity nose:

• Dioxydin in 1% solution. It is taken from the ampoule into a 10 ml syringe. From which it is buried in the nasal passages, which can also be washed with the drug. The remedy, in fact, is a powerful antiseptic, killing the majority of viruses and bacteria, which is undesirable to swallow "so as not to harm the stomach." In children's practice is not used because of toxicity. For the same reasons, it is not used in pregnant and lactating women.
• Miramistin is a chlorine-containing antiseptic of the widest spectrum of action. It has no color, smell and practically taste. In adults it is used for washing, and for children for instillation into the nose. May cause local allergy. Not contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation. Read more here.
• Furacillin in solutions, 2% is used to wash the sinuses. At home, the solution is prepared from two tablets and a glass of water. For washing, use a baby syringe or a 20 gram syringe. The ENT doctor uses an apparatus consisting of a leading tube through which a solution and suction pump is pumped into the nasal passage to pump it out. The course of washes consists of 3-10 procedures, can be complicated by otitis. Furacillin is bitter enough, but it is not dangerous to swallow it in small amounts (which usually happens when rinsing).
• Prothorgol is a solution of silver, very effective in the bacterial process in the sinuses, especially in children. It is digested 2-3 drops in each nasal passage for 7-10 days. For today, it is rarely used under the pretext of accumulation of silver ions in the body and its chronic poisoning, which according to the fair opinion of the otolaryngologists of the Soviet school is complete nonsense. The tool worked, works and will work, while it is prepared in pharmacies. The agent is suitable for 2 weeks if stored in a refrigerator.

Bacteriophage solutions

Again, the Soviet operating time, forgotten and clogged with the antibiotic lobby of the pharmaceutical industry. With staphylococcal or klebsiellosis maxillary sinusitis in children's practice and resistant microflora - worthy preparations for topical application in the form of rinses or drops in the nose.

Solutions for washing the nose

Dolphin, Aquamaris, Salin, Akvalor is a tricky advertising trick selling saline (,% NaCL, that is, sodium chloride solution) at the price of decent antibiotics. Rinse your nose with sinusitis is not harmful, it is harmful to pay for a solution of table salt fabulous money. So for a bottle of sterile saline solution of 20 ml you will have to pay no more than 40 rubles.

At the same time, a 10 ml bottle of Aquamaris costs more than 110 rubles, Saline for 30 ml - from 137 rubles, and 30 bags of Dolphin, each gram of powder in each cost 190 rubles.

The same audience that patented versions of saline are recommended as less safe (it is not clear, why), that is, children, in general, the lavage of the nose at home is not subject to the high risks of secondary inflammation middle ear.

A couple of words on how to rinse your nose correctly. Before washing, it is necessary to stand over the sink, bending forward at a right angle. After a deep breath, the breath is delayed. The washing container is firmly attached to the nostril. Then it slowly rises so that the solution flows out of the opposite nostril. Washed one, then the other half of the nasal passages and, if possible, sinuses. Remains of the solution are removed from the nasal passages by active blowing out.

GeloMirtol and GeloMirtol Forte

This is an alternative to antibiotics in the fight against sinusitis. This homeopathic drug, oddly enough, works. This effective remedy for sinusitis in combination with dioxin can cure acute uncomplicated sinusitis for a week. It is based on myrtole, supplemented with cineol, limonene, pine, rapeseed oil.

The whole mixture is encapsulated in a gelatin capsule that dissolves in the intestine. The drug has a weak antibacterial, anti-inflammatory effect, and improves the outflow of secretions from the sinuses and nose. Contraindicated with allergies to drug components, bronchial asthma, cholelithiasis, in the first trimester of pregnancy and in children under 6 years.

Nasal drops

Drops can drip during a genyantritis, but it should be not any what, and correct drops:

• Clean vasoconstrictors with maxillary sinus dripping is not desirable. The duration of their application (with a strong nasal congestion, interfering with sleep) should be limited to five days. Means of this group: Xylometazoline (Otrivin, Galazolin, Ximelin), Nafazolin (Sanorin, Naphthysine), Oxymetazoline (Nazivin, Nazol).
• Much more preferable mixture of essential oils (Sinupert, Pinosol, Sinuforte) or combined drops: vasoconstrictive phenylephrine in combination with anti-allergic fenistil (Vibrocil) or Rinoflumycil (acetylcysteine, improving efflux and vasoconstrictive thiamine-heptane sulfate).
• There are also Polydex (vasoconstrictive with antibiotic and corticosteroid), Rinoprint (antihistamine and vasoconstrictor), Dr. Taiss Nasoline (eucalyptus oil and vasoconstrictor xylometazoline).
• Sinuforte is a cyclamen from a genyantritis in the form of an extract of lyophilizate and juice of tubers. 2-3 drops are sprayed into each nasal passage once a day for two weeks. The drug is prohibited for pregnant and lactating. It can cause local allergy, therefore it is contraindicated to allergic people. Also, it should not be used for polyps in the nose and unregulated hypertension.

Auxiliary drugs

These are antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs (Nurofen, Ibuprofen, Paracetamol), as well as antiallergic means 2 and 3 generations, reducing the swelling of the mucous sinuses and nose (Loratadin, Desloratadine, Cetrin, Zinnerit, Claritin, Claricens).

Thus, treatment with antibiotics of sinusitis is not a necessary condition for successful conservative therapy. It is much more important that edema should be eliminated, the outflow of sinus contents adjusted, and the local sanation of the inflammatory focus should be carried out.

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Tablets from sinusitis: effect and contraindications

Treatment of sinusitis consists in the fight against infection, which develops in the maxillary sinuses.

Restoring, thus, drainage, the outflow of mucus and pus will pass faster.

How and what to treat sinusitis depends on the degree and form of the course of the disease.

As a rule, tablets from sinusitis together with procedures for local administration - drops, nose wash, inhalation.

Tablets from sinusitis can be divided into groups:

• antibiotics;
• antiviral tablets;
• mucolytics;
• analgesics;
• decongestants.

Antibiotics are prescribed in almost all cases of sinusitis. They effectively fight with the focus of infection, which makes them irreplaceable in treatment. Usually, one course of admission, and this is 7-10 days, is enough to eliminate the infection in order to protect yourself from the puncture. The name of antibiotics for treatment of a genyantritis can tell or say only the doctor. Do not self-medicate.

The best antibiotics for sinusitis are the penicillin group, macrolides, cephalosporins. Among them the most popular are:

• Amoxicillin(Flemoxin Solutab).
• Macropen(has an antimicrobial effect).
• Augmentin(destroys pathogenic bacteria).
• Cephalexin and Azithromycin(prescribed in case of intolerance to penicillin).

It is also possible to use Flemoxin in angina.

As a rule, in the list of prescribed antibiotics penicillins are leading, proven to be particularly effective in fighting infections associated with diseases of the ENT organs. But there are cases of penicillin intolerance, then macrolides or cephalosporins of the I-III generation come to the rescue. Which antibiotics should be taken by the doctor.

It must be remembered that the effectiveness of antibiotics until the time when the pus came out of the maxillary sinuses is always weak. And do not be afraid if the doctor prescribes several different antibiotics at once - this is dictated by the need for treatment of sinusitis not only locally but also at the level of the whole organism.

Antibiotics for sinusitis, like any other remedy, have contraindications. You can not take antibacterial therapy for violations of the liver and kidneys, a tendency to manifest allergies. You can not take antibiotics for pregnant women and nursing mothers.

It is important to know

To avoid consequences, before using antibiotics, you need to read the instructions, as each group of the above has its contraindications.

Using as a treatment of a tablet from a genyantritis in the form of antibiotics, it is necessary to know the following:

• What antibiotics from a genyantritis to accept and how long depends on neglect of a genyantritis and the antibiotic (how much or as far as he is effective in struggle against an infection).
• Very often the prescription of a particular type of antibiotic depends on which antibiotic you took in the past and whether it helped. If you helped, do not experiment, stop on it.
• If the improvement does not occur on the 5th day of treatment, you need to change the antibiotic.
• Remember, antibiotics treat the focus of the disease, other drugs - decongestants, inhalation solutions, mucolytics - only relieve symptoms and help to clear sinuses.

Tablets from sinusitis with antiviral effect.In genyantritis, antibiotics are not always effective. If the cause of genyantritis in a viral infection, you need to be treated with antiviral therapy. In viral sinusitis, one of the most popular means of fighting the virus is Sinupret tablets.

The positive quality of this medicine is the vegetable origin of the active substance, so these tablets from sinusitis can be taken absolutely by all patients. Limitations in taking medication are the intolerance of the active substances of the drug.

The mechanism of the drug is the following - the active substance removes the inflammatory process, affecting the outflow of pus and mucus in the maxillary sinuses, which accelerates the process of their release. As a result, the maxillary sinuses are free and their puffiness subsides.

Tablets from sinusitis with mucolytic effect. Mucolytics are medications that do not directly affect the inflammation focus, their effectiveness is manifested in the fact that they change the physical qualities of mucus, which is released from maxillary sinuses. Mucolytics are safe in application, they are often combined with folk methods of treating sinusitis.

This group of tablets from sinusitis is represented by drugs with the following names: Guafenizin, Fluimutsil, Mukodin. They dissolve pus and mucus in the maxillary sinuses, which helps to accelerate their outflow.

Do not take mucolytics if there is intolerance or hypersensitivity to the main components of the drug.

In addition, contra-indications of mucolytic tablets from sinusitis are:

• Diseases of the digestive tract (peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum);
• bronchial asthma;
• renal and hepatic insufficiency.

Mucolytics are not prescribed for children under 18 years of age. Pregnant and lactating women Guafenizin and other mucolytic tablets from sinusitis appoint with caution, eliminating the risk for the baby.

Medication for sinusitis with decongestion effect. Antipyretic tablets from sinusitis fight with swelling of the nasal mucosa or maxillary sinuses. The swelling is removed due to the influence on the work of the blood vessels of the mucosa. Reduction of blood supply in the maxillary sinuses leads to a decrease in nasal congestion.

Antidiarrheals are not used as the main treatment, but are prescribed for antibiotics. Their sharing with home therapy will help to effectively combat the infection and remove the symptoms of the disease. The active substances in the tablets are alpha-adrenomimetics with hydrochloride - oxymetazoline, phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine. If there is intolerance or hypersensitivity to active substances, decongestants should not be taken.

Antidiarrheal drugs have their contraindications. They can not be taken by people with diabetes, with cardiovascular disorders, with ulcers of the stomach and duodenum.

It is important to know

Children under 12 years of age, pregnant and lactating women do not prescribe decongestants.

Analgesics.They are also used not for the treatment of sinusitis, but for the removal of such symptoms as the elimination of pain and lowering of temperature.

Among the analgesics the most common:

• Ibuprofen.
• Paracetamol.
• Aspirin.

With genyantritis, analgesics are taken at the doctor's prescription and their duration should not exceed 7 days.

Contraindications when using analgesics:

• allergic reactions;
• ulcer of the stomach and duodenum.

Like antiedemics, analgesics are contraindicated for children under 12 years old. To relieve pain and temperature, children have their own medications, for example the same Ibuprofen, but with a child's dosage is more known to us as Nurofen.

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Tablets from sinusitis. Antibiotics for sinusitis in tablets

Faced with a problem of rhinitis, or, as the people call it, a cold, many do not suspect that the disease is serious and requires treatment. The reason is that the runny nose often passes very quickly. It is sufficient to use widespread nasal sprays and drops. However, this does not always happen.

Sinusitis - complication of classical rhinitis

In some cases, the common runny nose is complicated by an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. This is due to the accumulation of mucus in them, as well as the entry of microbes and bacteria. As a result, suppuration of mucus and, as a consequence, the formation of pus in the maxillary sinuses.

After a certain period of time there are characteristic symptoms of sinusitis: weakness, loss of efficiency, increased body temperature, throbbing pain in the head and in the region of the temples. Sinusitis is a complex disease, requiring serious treatment, up to surgical intervention. Untimely initiated therapy threatens with serious complications: infection of blood, development of meningitis, decreased visual acuity. And today we will talk about what tablets from sinusitis exist.

Complex approach in the treatment of genyantritis

Since sinusitis is a complex disease accompanied by a whole bunch of symptoms, the approach to treating it must also be complex, taking into account the elimination of all manifestations of the disease. Than to treat a genyantritis, tablets of what groups can be used?

First of all, it is necessary to remove the edema of the nasal mucosa. It is the edema of the mucous membrane and prevents regular removal of purulent clusters outwards. The composition of complex therapy of sinusitis includes various anti-edema drugs, such as "Nazole" Oxymetazoline. " It should be understood that these drugs are symptomatic, but not therapeutic, so their use leads to complete recovery if combined with other drugs.

Considering that the sinusitis is accompanied by a severe headache and fever, the doctor in treatment diseases are strongly recommended by non-narcotic analgesics, in particular "Ibuprofen" Naproxen "and "Aspirin". When prescribing drugs, compulsory treatment takes into account contraindications and limitations to their use, including age.

Assign otolaryngologists in the treatment of sinusitis and mucolytic drugs, which are quite effective. Mucolytics have the property of diluting mucus in the maxillary sinuses, which contributes to easier removal of pus. The most effective tablets from sinusitis are Mukodin Flumucil and Guafenizin. However, mucolytic drugs are prohibited for patients under the age of 18 years.

But the main tool in the treatment of genyantritis of bacterial genesis, taking into account the severity of the disease are antibiotics.

Antibiotics in the treatment of genyantritis

Antibiotics for genyantritis in tablets can be chosen only by a doctor. Previously, the patient is assigned the analysis of the smear of the contents of the maxillary sinuses, which is necessary for determining the nature of pathogenic bacteria. Let's look at the most commonly prescribed antibiotics for sinusitis in tablets. Their list is quite extensive.

"Ceftriaxone"

This drug is very popular in the treatment of sinusitis. The reason for its special relevance is directed action on microorganisms parasitizing the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx. The drug is able to disrupt the life cycle of bacteria, which excludes the possibility of their further reproduction.

These tablets from sinusitis have several side effects, in particular nausea, vomiting, upset of the stool. Possible allergic reaction to the components of the drug in the form of rash and itching. In some cases, candidiasis may develop.

"Augmentin"

Another broad-spectrum antibiotic. On bacteria "Augmentin" has a destructive effect, violating the mode of synthesis. This drug is used not only in the treatment of sinusitis, but also in the treatment of many other inflammatory diseases. Side effects of this remedy may be disruption of the gastrointestinal tract.

"Sumamed"

A modern drug for the treatment of sinusitis, presented in the pharmaceutical market. In general, it is an excellent antibiotic for sinusitis. 3 tablets of the drug are the full course of admission (one for three days). The medication is not recommended for severe kidney and liver diseases.

"Macropen"

The drug is also an effective antibiotic in the treatment of sinusitis. The advantage of this drug is that it is very fast able to penetrate into the blood, and therefore it starts working almost immediately. These tablets from sinusitis can be prescribed to patients prone to allergic reactions. In acute forms of the disease, recovery occurs in the shortest possible time. There is also persistent remission in the treatment of chronic sinusitis.

Using "Macropen" will help to avoid surgical intervention. The main condition - the drug should be used from the first days of the disease.

"Flemoxin Solutab"

The drug differs from other antibiotics in that it has almost no effect on the state of the gastrointestinal tract, but it effectively influences pathogenic microorganisms. Contraindications for taking medication are mostly age-old: the drug is not prescribed to the elderly.

"Amoxiclav"

Another drug that has a wide range of antibacterial action, and therefore successfully used by doctors in the treatment of the disease - "Amoxiclav." It has a destructive effect on the bacterial wall, as a result of which it collapses and perishes.

The drug is prescribed not only in the treatment of sinusitis. "Amoxiclav" and otitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, as well as other inflammatory diseases are effectively treated. But the remedy has many side effects and is completely contraindicated in kidney diseases.

"Avelox"

The drug also excellently recommended itself as an antibiotic for sinusitis. 3 tablets of the drug (taken one per day) already significantly alleviate the condition. The full course is seven days.

"Isofra" - a nasal spray-antibiotic

In those cases when it is difficult for the patient to take tablet forms, doctors will prescribe an antibiotic in the form of a spray - "Isofro". Apply the drug by injecting into each nostril. In this case, the dosage is assigned individually depending on the severity of the disease. Use the remedy for no longer than 10 days.

The medicine has practically no contra-indications. Do not use it only in those cases when the preliminary analysis showed ineffectiveness of using Isofra for treatment. Use the drug also in children, for this it is only necessary to remove the dispenser and use the spray as well as drops in the nose.

Antiviral drugs and sinusitis

Treatment with antibiotics (tablets that are used for antibiotic therapy, we have already considered) - not the only way to fight the disease, because the genyantritis can not only have bacterial character. Inflammation of the sinuses caused by viruses requires the use of other drugs. These are various antiviral agents. In this case, the drugs have a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect, directed specifically to the focus of inflammation. Edema accompanying the disease, falls, and the withdrawal of pus from the paranasal sinuses is facilitated.

One such drug is Sinupret. This herbal remedy belongs to the group of secretolytics. Due to its ability to dilute and excrete mucus from the foci of inflammation, it is successfully used in the treatment of diseases of the nasopharynx and the respiratory tract. Tablets from sinusitis "Sinupret" are an excellent tool in both acute and chronic form of the disease. The rather complex composition of the drug provides a multifaceted impact on the focus of inflammation.

In addition to anti-inflammatory action, "Sinupret" also has a pronounced antibacterial effect, it is also an immunomodulator. Take the drug for two weeks. The plus of treatment is that "Sinupret" is a herbal preparation.

A wide range of contraindications has no means. With caution, it is recommended to use in liver pathologies, as well as against the background of alcohol consumption. Do not use "Sinupret" to treat children under the age of two, even if they have acute sinusitis.

Treatment (tablets, note, should appoint a doctor) this ailment can not be started, since this very unpleasant disease can cause many complications.

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Antibiotics for sinusitis in adults: names of tablets for treatment

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, which in most cases is a consequence of acute sinusitis.

The name of the disease comes from the name of the maxillary sinuses of the nose, which are affected in the inflammatory process - the maxillary.

For the first time the symptoms of pathology were described several centuries ago by an English scientist named Gaymor, hence the name.

Among adults, about one in ten people suffer from acute or chronic sinusitis - these figures allow you to get understanding the extent of the prevalence of this pathology and to understand the importance of finding the optimal sinusitis.

More than 10% of cases of acute respiratory viral infection are diagnosed with acute sinusitis caused by the attachment of bacterial infection and corresponding complications.

Given that an adult is infected with ARVI about once a year, we can say that the sinusitis risks everyone. And the latest static data on sinusitis - this pathology is on the fifth place in the list of infectious diseases that need to be treated with antibiotics.

What antibiotics are used - how to choose a medicine

There are general principles that guide the doctor, choosing the best antibiotics for sinusitis for adults.

It can not be said that this medicine is the best antibiotic for sinusitis, and it will certainly help everyone, like mucolytics. First of all, the symptoms of the disease, their degree of severity, the characteristics of the patient are evaluated.

All antibiotics, which can treat sinusitis in adults, are divided into three large categories.

Preparations of the first line

These include those antibiotics for sinusitis, which are most effective at genyantritis and are the drugs of choice. They are appointed adults first. It:

1. Amoxicillin.
2. Clarithromycin.
3. Azithromycin.

All these tablets from sinusitis are usually well tolerated and give excellent results with timely and correct use, like mucolytics.

Preparations of the second line

Drugs from this group of antibiotics are prescribed if the patient lives in a region in which a high level of ENT diseases caused by resistant microorganisms is recorded. They are prescribed to adults, if the symptoms of sinusitis do not disappear after a course of therapy with antibiotics of the first line.

This group includes such tablets from sinusitis:

• Amoxicillin / Clavulanic acid;
• Fluoroquinolones;
• Cephalosporins of the 2nd and 3rd generation.

Such drugs can treat both chronic and acute sinusitis.

Injuries in genyantema

There is a separate category of patients with the so-called nosocomial sinusitis. In this case, tablets from antritis antimicrobial effect are not effective, antibiotics should be administered intravenously. Injection prescribe such drugs:

1. Meropenem.
2. Imipenem.
3. Cefuroxime.
4. Cefotoxime.
5. Ceftriaxone.
6. Gentamicin.
7. Tobramycin.

Each medicine from the above has its own peculiarities of the impact on the body with genyantritis, they need to be taken in different dosages and according to different schemes.

Therefore, it is worthwhile to consider in detail each of them, in order to understand when and what it is best to treat sinusitis.

Penicillins in the treatment of genyantritis

Treatment of maxillary sinusitis with antibiotics from the penicillin group is the most reliable and safe. Usually these tablets from a genyantritis are well transferred, they are appointed or nominated to patients of any age.

They can be taken during pregnancy and lactation, as well as mucolytics. Numerous official studies have confirmed that these drugs do not have a negative effect on the fetus.

Amoxicillin and its derivatives refer to first line drugs in sinusitis. But they do not always manage to treat atypical strains effectively. Some bacteria are able to produce beta-lactamases - substances that can destroy the beta-lactam ring of the antibiotic.

Antibiotics from the penicillin group are unprotected, and if the sinusitis is caused by pathogenic microorganisms capable of to produce beta-lactamase, to drink Amoxicillin in tablets is meaningless - the symptoms will not disappear, and the disease will be progress.

Antibiotics from the group of macrolides with genyantritis

Alternative drugs of choice, if unprotected penicillins could not eliminate the symptoms of sinusitis - macrolides. These medicines do not have a lactam ring. Consequently, they will be effective even against those strains whose microorganisms are capable of producing beta-lactamases.

Macrolides are more active than unprotected penicillins with respect to the Moraxella bacteria. They can be used in the treatment of acute sinusitis if the patient suffers penicillin intolerance. Most often from this group appoint Clarithromycin and Azithromycin.

Clarithromycin.

This is a second-generation macrolide. It is effective against virtually all microorganisms that can cause acute or chronic sinusitis. Take the drug in this dosage - 500-750 mg twice a day.

Clarithromycin is most effective if taken at regular intervals. The course of treatment lasts no less than 7 and not more than 10 days. Dosage and duration of treatment can be adjusted if necessary by a doctor.

Azithromycin.

This drug is a 15-member macrolide. It has a long half-life. Therefore, the treatment schedule and its duration are radically different from the use of other antibacterial medicines.

On the first day, 500 mg of the drug should be taken once. Then you should take 250 mg daily for four more days. The total duration of treatment is five days.

Treatment of sinusitis with second line antibiotics

If both penicillins and macrolides prove to be ineffective in the treatment of sinusitis, they pass to treatment with antibacterial drugs of the second line. To select the right medicine, the patient's material is first sown to establish sensitivity to various antibiotics.

How can it be determined with empirical prescription of drugs that strains of the microorganism are resistant to the drugs being taken, what are the symptoms indicating this? Infection with antibiotic resistance of the first line by microorganisms can be assumed if no improvement in the patient's state of health is noted after 2-3 days after the initiation of therapy.

Symptoms of an organism intoxication at an acute sinusitis:

• Heat;
• Headache;
• General weakness.

If they do not disappear, but are retained or become stronger, despite the administration of Amoxicillin or Clarithromycin, they proceed to treat pathology with second-line antibiotics. These are fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins.

Amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid

Above it was said about the main and essential shortage of Amoxicillin - due to the presence of the lactam ring it loses its activity in case of infection with microorganisms that are capable of producing beta-lactamase.

Therefore, it is best to select an alternative antibiotic, to sow the contents of the maxillary sinuses of the patient. This will allow one hundred percent to accurately determine whether the patient is sensitive to certain antibacterial drugs and which is better to choose. What is the difficulty?

In order to get the contents of the maxillary sinuses, it is necessary to make a puncture - puncture of the paranasal tissues with a special syringe and mucus from them. This is a rather complicated and serious procedure that requires strict adherence to sterility. Not all patients agree to it, because often it is necessary to immediately switch to the selection of second-line drugs.

There is an antibiotic that retains all the properties of Amoxicillin, but is immune to penicillinase. Such preparations are called protected penicillins, these are combinations of Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid.

This is Augmentin in tablets, Amoxiclav, Flemoclav. According to studies of physicians, the effectiveness of treatment of sinusitis with these medicines is more than 90%.

The dosage of amoxicillin protected by clavulanic acid is determined by the doctor, taking into account the nature of the disease and the degree of its manifestation. Adults are prescribed from 500 to 1000 mg once a day.

Cephalosporins in tablets as alternative drugs

Cephalosporins in the form of tablets from the common cold of the second and third generation are alternative second line drugs that are also effective in treating sinusitis. For oral administration, one of the following drugs is selected:

1. Cefuroxime.
2. Cefpodoxime.
3. Cefixime.

In pharmacies most often this antibiotic of the second line from the group of cephalosporins is offered from three different manufacturers - Ceforoxime Sandoz from the German pharmaceutical company, Zinnat from the manufacturer Glaxo and the drug Aksef from the company Medokemi, located on Cyprus.

Cefuroxime is active against most known strains of microorganisms that can cause acute sinusitis. He is also not prone to penicillinase. The standard dosage of the drug is 250 mg twice a day at regular intervals.

Cefpodoxime.

These tablets are a third generation antibiotic. The main difference between the preparations of this group of cephalosporins is their effectiveness against gram-negative pathogenic microflora. Ceppodoxime in liquid form for injection is distinguished by a very high level of bioavailability. But in tablets this same substance, on the contrary, is absorbed by the intestine badly.

In the pharmacy it can be found as tablets of various dosages of Cefodox from the Jordanian pharmaceutical company - 100 and 200 mg in one tablet. Less common drug Tsepodem of Indian origin. It is more affordable, but the effectiveness of doctors give preference to Cephodox.

The intestine absorbs Cefodox in tablets by little more than half. This is a fairly low rate, because in no case can you change the dosage and schedule of the drug prescribed by your doctor.

Usually 200 mg of the drug are indicated twice a day. Duration of treatment - up to 10 days.

Cefixime.

The drug refers to antibacterial third generation drugs on a semi-synthetic basis. Has a significant disadvantage - low activity in relation to gram-positive microorganisms. For example, Staphylococcus aureus, which is often the causative agent of acute and chronic sinusitis, is resistant to Cefixima.

The drug is poorly absorbed by the intestine, its bioavailability is even lower than that of Cefpodoxim - only 40-50%. As an alternative medicament, an antibiotic, Suprax, can be considered, which has the same efficacy, but is absorbed better by the dispersible form of release.

Less common, but also can be used as an analogue of the Indian drug Ixim and tablets from the Macedonian company Panzef.

Antibacterial injections for sinusitis

Do you really need antibiotics pricks in sinusitis - this issue still remains controversial for domestic otolaryngologists. Of course, getting immediately into the blood, the antibiotic several times faster than the pill, starts to act, eliminating the symptoms of sinusitis. But is there a need for this?

On the one hand, it is easier for a doctor to immediately prescribe an antibiotic for parenteral administration, which will definitely work than pick up pills whose effectiveness is only hypothetical. On the other hand, the patient is only too glad to get rid of the impassive nasal congestion, purulent secretions, headache and finally breathe normally, in this case, often a puncture sinusitis.

Therefore, when the otolaryngologist writes out a prescription of antibiotics in a liquid form for injections, assuring that this the only way to combat the exhausted disease, the patient agrees without hesitation, takes the prescription and obediently goes to pharmacy.

The duration of treatment with the help of injections is the same as treatment with antibiotics in tablets - from 7 to 10 days. And the result is usually noticeable. But the side effects in most cases are so great and serious that after treatment sinusitis has to move to the treatment of other internal organs and the restoration of a completely destroyed immunity.

So are injections of antibiotics necessary for sinusitis? Yes, there are situations when one can not do without them. Parenteral administration of antibacterial drugs is indicated for nosocomial maxillary sinusitis. The causative agents of the inflammatory process are mainly gram-negative microorganisms with high resistance to antibiotics.

Aminoglycoside antimicrobial agents are active in bacteria of this type. In this case, empirical appointments are inexpedient, it is mandatory to make culture sowing to detect the sensitivity of bacteria, and then, according to the results, select an antibiotic.

In conclusion, we offer a cognitive video about antibiotics for sinusitis.

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Antibiotics for the treatment of genyantritis

The last century is called "the era of antibiotics." Having received the medicine, acting on the causative agent of the disease, the doctors urgently included him in the treatment of all in pharmacies, they were in free sale, and the patients themselves prescribe therapy. This led to the development of mass resistance to the main groups of antibiotics, the development of allergic reactions.

New means based on plant raw materials for the treatment of inflammatory processes have been synthesized. At present, the absence of a bactericidal (destroying) effect of antibiotics on viruses and fungi has been proven. They are completely useless in the genyantrites caused by influenza viruses, adenoviruses, herpes, with complications of measles and chicken pox.

Sinusitis - an inflammation of the nasal sinuses often complicates the common cold. Antibiotics for sinusitis are used in cases of radiographic confirmation of the disease. Question: "What antibiotics to drink at a genyantritis?" - Excites every patient, tired of a headache, a cold and the absence of nasal breathing. Let's try to figure out the most effective treatment for sinusitis, we can be sure.

When to start taking antibiotics for genyantema

The disease begins with a common cold, which is not paid attention or trying to apply drops in the nose. But the headache, dilating pains under the eyes joins, the temperature rises, and the nose is so clogged that you have to breathe with your mouth. Clinical symptoms are confirmed by an additional examination. The doctor prescribes antibiotics for sinusitis after the first treatment of the patient.

How to take an antibiotic depends on the severity of the condition. You can choose from tablets, injections, drops or sprays.Sprays have advantages over tableted treatment and drops: there is no unnecessary effect on mucous membranes stomach, the drug in a concentrated form is delivered almost to the place of inflammation, convenient in application.

Drops with a vasoconstrictor are prescribed at the initial stage of sinusitis to facilitate breathing. Correct introduction of drops into the nasal passage is carried out in the prone position with the head turned to the side. Recommended remedies such as naftizine, galazoline, xylenes.

The drops "Sinupret" have antiviral activity, do not cause an allergic reaction. Made from famous herbs. They are not buried in the nose, you have to take it for treatment. Given the safety of drops, sinupret is used in the treatment of a common cold in children; there are no contraindications other than individual intolerance.

Sinusitis can cause serious complications

• inflammation of the membranes of the brain (meningitis);
• the appearance of isolated suppuration (abscess) in the brain substance;
• persistent loss of sense of smell;
• inflammation of the branches of the trigeminal and facial nerves;
• transition of the process to the orbit and the bone of the upper jaw;
• spread down the respiratory tract to the trachea and bronchi.

Therefore, timely treatment of sinusitis with the use of antibiotics serves as a reliable solution to possible problems.

Use of antibiotics in sprays

The combination of a convenient form of administration and antimicrobial action makes it very effective to use a spray form of antibiotics to treat sinusitis.

• Bioparox (fusafungin) - nasal aminopeptidny spray, has a strong nebulizing property, deeply penetrates into the tissue. It is active against staphylococci, streptococci, fungi, Recommended for the treatment of fungal and bacterial sinusitis. Of the side effects known: redness of the skin, numbness of the nasal mucosa.
• Isophra - spray based on the antibiotic framicetin, a member of the aminoglycoside group, has a wide spectrum of action. Allergic reactions are possible.

What antibiotics are more often used for genyantritis

Usually prescribed penicillin, ampicillin, cephalosporins (cefazolin, cephalexin), sporidex, augmentin. There are antibiotics of more powerful action, they constitute a group of "reserve" for the treatment of sinusitis. Because of side effects do not apply for sinusitis in pregnant women and in the period of breastfeeding.

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• Macroben (midecamycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. The negative consequences include: skin rash, stomatitis (inflammation of the oral mucosa), loss of appetite, dyspnea associated with bronchospasm. Gives a cross-allergic reaction with drugs containing aspirin. It is not recommended in the treatment of sinusitis with concomitant liver damage, in children up to three years.
• Zitrolide - belongs to the group of macrolide antibiotics, it also has a wide range of effects on various pathogens. Less toxic. Side effects are observed in the form of bloating (flatulence), pain along the bowels, insomnia, palpitation and pain in the heart. Therefore, it is not recommended for patients with chronic severe diseases of the liver and kidneys, elderly people with a disturbed rhythm of the heart, children under 16 years old.
• Azithromycin is an analog of zitrolide. Can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea (diarrhea), allergic reactions.

Rules for taking antibiotics

It must be remembered that

• whatever remarkable antibiotics the doctor has appointed, they will only work in a sufficient dose. Do not arbitrarily increase or decrease dosage.
• The course of treatment of sinusitis with antibacterial drugs in drops, tablets, sprays or injections must be brought to an end. Usually it's 7-10 days. Otherwise, a very unpleasant process of drug resistance to the drug is developing.
• Long-term treatment with antibiotics is one of the reasons for the development of intestinal dysbiosis, in which useful intestinal microorganisms are destroyed.
• If you are hypersensitive to some medicine, tell your doctor.
• During treatment, it is strictly forbidden to take alcoholic beverages.
• When buying an antibiotic in a pharmacy, pay attention to the expiration date, it is indicated on the package.
• The appearance of any incomprehensible symptoms on the background of antibiotic treatment should be reported to the doctor in charge.

The use of antibiotics to treat sinusitis in children

Children often have acute sinusitis as a complication of normal rhinitis. More than adults have an allergic component in the disease, so pediatricians must prescribe drops in the nose with anti-allergic drugs. Antibiotics are not always needed.

Sprays for children should not cause burning sensation in the nose. Often prescribe sprays from sea water to wash the nasal passages.

The use of drops of vasoconstrictive action should be limited to three to four days.

The most frequent antibiotics recommended for children

• Amoxicillin - even prescribed to the newborn in the form of a suspension (mix granules with water).
• Solutab flemoxin is a combined preparation containing the antibiotic aminophylline. A syrup or suspension is also prepared.
• Cefuroxime is an antibiotic from the group of cephalosporins. It is part of the drugs: aksetina, zinnata and zinatsef.
• Antibiotics of the aminoglycoside group are part of nasal sprays of polidex and isophra. Isofra is shown for children older than a year, polydex is older, years.
• Sumamed (azithromycin) from the group of macrolides is the least toxic antibiotic. It is prescribed to children from six months to three years in the form of a suspension. The elder - in tablets.

The era of antibiotics was over, but they did not stop using them. The attitude towards these funds has become more reasonable. The sale of antibiotics in pharmacies is limited to prescription instructions of doctors.

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