Drugs for ARVI in adults

Review of antiviral drugs in cases of influenza and influenza

Any disease, especially ARVI and the Flu is easier, cheaper and safer not to treat, but not to prevent, to prevent its occurrence. Recently, especially worried about the "point" - it's safer. Should I take antiviral pills at all? In today's complex world, how to understand the issues:

• Will the effect of using an expensive antiviral drug?
• Which drug is better for adults to take flu, children?
• Do not it cause harm to health?
• Is there the best cure for flu?
• Effective antiviral drugs - is it advertising, business, dummy or not?

Antiviral drugs for Orvy on the Russian pharmaceutical market are as follows:

Virtually all antiviral drugs for orvi and flu have no evidence base for their antiviral efficacy. Studies are very expensive, conducted by the manufacturers themselves and those interested in the positive conclusion of the parties. Today, most clinical trials of new drugs are regularly falsified in order to bring "miraculous" drugs to the market with a new price tag. Given the fabulous commercial benefits of selling expensive antiviral drugs during the epidemic, honesty and objectivity of research is not believed. As you know, pharmacological publications, even in medical journals today, are about 90 percent - these are custom-made articles of an advertising nature.

Today in the pharmacy chains an abundance of various medicines, some of which are essentially "medicines" They are not, because there are a lot of fakes, frank dummies and inefficient means. Advocates of patients' rights in Ukraine, for example, argue that in 4 drugs registered as antiviral - the active substance was not found. However, a wide advertising company allows producers to earn millions of hryvnias on them per year.

Antiviral drugs for Orvi are conventionally divided into:

• Vaccines - stimulation of the production of antibodies before infection with the virus
• Immunostimulants - drugs that temporarily enhance nonspecific immunity, which promote the production of interferons
• Antiviral drugs are agents that affect neuraminidase (a viral enzyme) by suppressing the multiplication of the virus (Oseltamivir, Zanamivir) and blockers M2-channels Amantadine, Remantadine - these drugs have proven clinical effectiveness, but as any means have a number of side effects.

Most antiviral drugs for orvi and influenza are developed and applied no more than 10-40 years. The drug should have a greater "trial period" in order to draw a conclusion about its effectiveness and side effects. As for immunostimulants, these funds can have delayed consequences (risks of autoimmune development diseases, oncological diseases of the blood, etc.) and should be prescribed according to strict indications.

Immunity modulators and antiviral agents

The immunostimulants produced today show the activation of immune reactions at the biochemical level (which is called "in test tube "), but their real benefit and long-term consequences of use are rather complex, poorly studied areas. Since information on many mechanisms of immunity has become known relatively recently, scientists are getting more and more information about its functioning every year. Therefore, there is no confidence in the safety and correctness of general stimulation of the "under-researched" immune system (see Fig. what is immunity and whether drugs are needed to improve it). Especially prudent should be the preventive use of immunostimulants and the treatment with antiviral medicines for children.

"Pharmacy immunostimulants can not only help the body, but also harm" - says Ph.D. Tatyana Tikhomirova, immunologist-allergist. Such a state as hyperactivation of the immune system, as well as immunodeficiency is extremely dangerous, the human body functions normally only with the balance of the immune system. And if a person each time stimulates ("to increase his own immunity"), then, in the presence of predisposing factors, this can result in pathological inflammation, immune aggression on healthy tissues, hyperactivation of the immune system and theoretically (in extreme cases) to the development of an autoimmune or oncological disease.

If the next of kin has an autoimmune disease (rheumatoid arthritis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Sjogren's syndrome, multiple sclerosis, etc.), then under no circumstances should a person use any immunostimulants. Even if a person is healthy, there is already a violation of the immune system, and you can live with them all your life, but if you are rude and persistently try to stimulate their immune system, this may end with the debut of an autoimmune disease.

Fortunately, for most healthy people, without the presence of any predisposing factors, it is difficult to "achieve" your immunity so as to seriously damage your health. Since most of the known immunostimulants either do not work at all, or almost do not work. One part of the drugs - an ordinary deception, another - ineffective means. But it should be remembered that any drug has side effects.

Drug Groups	Act	Names of drugs
Interferon preparations	Blockade of viral mRNA translation, presentation of viral antigens	Recombinant alpha / gamma interferons
Etiotropic means	Neuraminidase inhibitors	Relenza Tamiflu Peramivir
Ion channel blockers	Rimantadine (Remantadin, Orvirem)
Antiviral drugs with varying degrees of evidence of action	Enabling synthesis endogenous interferons	Kagocel Cycloferon Lavomax (Amiksin, Tyloron) Cytovir 3
Specific HA chaperone	Arbidol
NP-Protein Inhibitors	Ingavirin

Alexander Khadzhidis, Chief Clinical Pharmacologist, St. Petersburg states the following: "Some doctors for some reason first prescribe to patients antipyretic drugs, and then immunomodulators, allegedly for the production of interferon - which is illogical and generally absurd. That is, first, knocking down the temperature - "prohibit" the body to fight the virus (at high temperature antibodies are produced against the virus and infection), and then artificially "forced" to do so.

In developed countries, interferonogens (drugs that stimulate the production of interferon) are not at all. Interferons can work only with parenteral (intravenous) administration, and even then, their effectiveness is questionable. In Russia, these drugs are extremely popular, despite the fact that they are useless.

With regard to antipyretics with the virus - to knock down the temperature better with paracetamol and once with a rise in temperature, rather than 4 p / day - "just in case." Taking Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) in ARVI, especially in children under 12 years old, is contraindicated, it can cause severe lesion of the central nervous system and liver, it is not recommended to apply it to those who suffered from gastric ulcer. "

Well-known in Russia doctor Alexander Myasnikov says that all immunomodulators widely advertised in our country are a waste of money. In the United States and Western Europe, it is already unequivocally recognized and proven that these remedies are ineffective, but most Russian doctors continue to believe in the power of immunomodulators in treating Orvi.

Cytovir 3

Pharmacological action: Integratedimmunostimulating, an antiviral drug,

has an interferonogenic effect. As part of the drug - Timogen sodium, ascorbic acid, bendazole. Timogen synthetically obtained dipeptide, it enhances the nonspecific resistance of the organism. Ascorbic acid normalizes the permeability of capillaries, reducing the activity of the inflammatory process. Bendazol stimulates the production of endogenous interferon in the body.

Side effects: in people suffering from vegetative-vascular dystonia, causes a decrease in blood pressure.

Contraindications: in pregnancy, children under 1 year, thrombophlebitis, severe hypotension, diabetes mellitus, stomach ulcer, urolithiasis.

Issued: since 2001 in capsules, for children since 2006 in syrup, in powder for the preparation of solution
Research: There is no reliable information about clinical trials confirming its efficacy and safety. Often, doctors and pharmacists recommend this tool for children, but use it to treat children should be used with caution or not used at all.

References: Quite a lot of reviews in patients who use Citovir, about the effectiveness and absence of side effects. Improvement of well-being is observed on the second-third day, in single cases the drug did not help.
Price: Cytovir 3 - average240-580rub.

Kagocel

Pharmacological action: inducer of interferon synthesis, antiviral,immunomodulatingeffect. Composition: the sodium salt of the copolymer, which causes the formation of late interferon, which has high antiviral activity. The greatest effect occurs if you start treatment within the first 24 hours of the disease, but not later than the 4th day after the onset of an acute infection. With a view to prevention, it is possible to take it at any time, preferably immediately after contact with a sick Orvy or a flu.

Side effects: the emergence of allergic reactions.
Issued: Registered in 2003, since 2005 is produced in tablets, since 2011 allowed for use children over the age of 3 years for the treatment of influenza, as the prevention of children can be used for children over 6 years.

Research efficiency and safety: There is conflicting information. The active ingredient is the sodium salt of the gossypol copolymer with carboxymethyl cellulose.

And Gossipol itself is a natural polyphenol, it has been banned in the world since 1998 due to its toxicity. Gossypol for a long time and actively studied by some countries as a contraceptive, with its continued intake completely stops spermatogenesis. Chinese and Brazilian scientists say that host gossypol boys and men may suffer infertility in the future. However, Kagocel is not pure gossypol, it is the sodium salt of the copolymer, which has other properties that differ from the properties of the chemical itself.

The manufacturer actively advertises the drug and claims that the salt in Kagocel is negligible, 4 times lower than the concentration from the international standards allowed. Multiple stages of purification of the product ensure the absence of free Gossypol in the final drug, which is checked by monitoring the quality of each series of Kagocel tablets. The method used to check the availability of free gossypol is very accurate, it can reveal its content above 0.0036%. In early 2013, data were published on tests performed on rats - no changes in reproductive function were detected in animals.

That is, research on primates was not done? It is known that gossypol for different animal species has its maximum dose of toxicity, according to the EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) for rats, the limiting toxic dose is2200-3300 mg / kg.,for pigs 550, for guinea pigs up to 300 mg / kg. The research carried out by the manufacturer consisted in the administration of therapeutic doses to male rats, and doses 25 times higher than therapeutic doses250 mg / kg). Can you trust the rest of the statements and "studies"?

Neither in Western Europe nor in the United States Kagocel is not used, there are no WHO medicines on the list. The effectiveness of the drug is not proven according to the representatives of the Formulary Committee of the RAMS and SDMX. There were no statistical studies on the development of side effects as of autumn 2013.

The drug is actively recommended for adults and children, but evidence of the safety of this drug for children 3-6 years of age, no, there have been no clinical studies for this age group.

Reviews: Many help, some children and adults are allergic reactions in the form of rashes, swelling, itching.
Price: Kagocel - average180-280rub. In 2012, the volume of sales amounted to - 2.64 billion. rubles

Tyloron (Amiksin, Lavomax)

Pharmacological action: active ingredient Tiloron, possesses antiviral andimmunomodulatingaction, it is a synthetic inducer of interferon that stimulates the formation of interferons alpha, beta, gamma.

Side effects: short-term chills, allergic reactions, contraindicated in breastfeeding and pregnancy.

Issued: almost 40 years ago, children under 7 years of age are strictly prohibited.

Research: The benefits of the drug are unquestionable for both treatment and prevention of viral diseases, but this can overlap with potential harm to the body. In the 80's in the US, after tests on mice, the drug was banned, as it had a highly toxic effect,in experimental animals, retinal bundle, liver lipidosis and other side effects were observed. It does not apply in the US and the European Union. In our country, continue to produce antiviral Amiksin and doctors appoint it to patients.
A small study involved 14 patients who received tilorone in a dose of 152 and 189 g, in 2 drugs caused keratopathy and retinopathy (while visual acuity did not decrease), these effects were reversible. The authors of the study concluded about the potential danger of the drug for health.
Reviews: The occurrence of allergic reactions, the high cost of medicine.
Price: Amiksin - on average500-560rub. Sales volume in 2012 amounted to 1.17 billion. rub.

Additionally! Medicines, the so-called immunomodulators - Lycopid, Polyoxidonium, Cycloferon, Proteflazide, Timogen, Panavir, Isoprinosine, Neovir, Groprinosin and others. - should not be used to treat children (for various diseases) without an immunogram and serious indications, because they do not have the proper clinical trials of efficacy and safety in the treatment of children.

Antiviral drugs

Below are just some of the antiviral medications from Orvi, reviews about them, a brief description, comments on known studies of their effectiveness, the average price in pharmacies.

Ingavirin

Pharmacological action: active substance imidazolylethanamide pentandioic acid. It is active against adenovirus infection, influenza A, B, respiratory syncytial infection, parainfluenza. It is an immunomodulator that affects the functional activity of the interferon system.

Side effects: allergic reactions

Contraindicated: children under 18 years.

Produced: as a drug for the treatment of influenza and orgi from 2008, before that, according to prof. Vlasova Vasilia Vitaglutam (imidazolylethanamide pentanedioic acid) was used in Russia before 2008 year as a stimulant of hematopoiesis in cancer patients receiving anticancer therapy.

Research: According to the producers, the idea of ​​producing Ingavirin arose in the 1980s, but only After many years of research into its safety and efficacy, the drug was submitted for registration by 2008. When Vitaglutam was used in patients with oncological diseases, there was no convincing evidence of its effectiveness. And when in 2008 Ingavirin appeared on the pharmaceutical market without full-fledged studies, the "epidemic of swine flu" began in the country, therefore Ingavirin was actively sold. The drug was recommended by the Ministry of Health and Social Development, even despite the absence of placebo-controlled studies, reasonable evidence of its effectiveness.

One study conducted at 105!!! of patients with confirmed influenza showed the following results:

• Receiving ingavirin reduced the duration of fever to 34.5 hours (if used in the first 1-1.5 days from the onset of the disease)
• In the placebo group, this is 72 hours
• In the group taking Arbidol - 48 hours

Analyzing the duration and intensity of the symptoms of influenza - weakness, headache, dizziness in the studied groups with the ingestion of Ingavirin, the severity of the disease was confirmed, no side effects were revealed.

In May 2009, Alexander Chuchalin, chief therapist of the Russian Federation, (he led a team of drug developers) gave an interview to the magazine Ogonek: "The new antiviral agent Ingavirin efficiency is much higher than that of the AmericanTamiflu. The Russian drug is quickly and easily integrated into the genome of the A / H1N1 virus, immediately destroying it. It is also effective with other dangerous viruses. "

Reviews: Most drug does not help, isolated cases confirm the reduction in the timing of the disease.

Price:380-460rub. From January to June 2010, the sales volume of Ingavirin was 220 million. rubles, 467 thousand packages were sold.

Arbidol

Pharmacological action: Antiviral, has the ability to suppress viruses of influenza A and B, SARS - severe acute respiratory syndrome, associated coronavirus. Arbidol is also used in the complex therapy of acute rotavirus intestinal infections.
Active substance: Methylphenylthiomethyl-dimethylaminomethyl-hydroxybromoindole carboxylic acid ethyl ester.

Side effects: use of children under 3 years is prohibited, individual

allergic reactions.
Produced: invented in 1974, in 1992, it began its industrial production.

Research: Until 2013 there was no convincing evidence in its effectiveness and safety. Studies conducted in the USSR have not been published. In Russia in 2008, a study of 300 people showed that Viferon was more effective than Arbidol. In 2004, in China, tests for 230 patients with symptoms of Orvi showed it was not effective, in contrast to Tamiflu and Ingaverin. In 2009, in the journal of the UK "Antiviral Research", the authors of the research stated that strains resistant to Arbidol are formed less frequently than those of Remantadine and Amantadine.

The Office of Quality Control of US Medicines denied registration of Arbidol in the United States, and WHO has never considered this drug as an effective antiviral drug.

Update on the drug: At the end of 2013, the World Health Organization registered Arbidol (umifenovir) as an antiviral drug with direct action, assigning to it the individual code J05AX13. Thus, Pharmstandard received a nominal permission for widespread use of the drug on the territory of the Russian Federation, where Arbidol is included in the standards of treatment and prevention of influenza and ARVI in children and adults.

Nevertheless, the multicenter test of the effectiveness of Arbidol, which was planned to be completed in 2013, has not been completed to this day, and its terms have been postponed to 2015. The results of this trial, which has serious sponsors and does not suffer from a shortage of patients, could put a dot over I in the arbidol epic, but for unknown reasons this does not happen. I.eevidence of effectiveness is not present until now, it remains to wait ...

Reviews: The same number of positive reviews and opinions about the ineffectiveness of its use. There are isolated cases of allergic reactions in the form of dermatitis, angioedema, pain in the epigastric region.
Price: Arbidol - on average130-710rub. In 2012, the volume of sales - more than 5 billion. rub.

At the pharmaceutical market in Belarus, an analog of Arbidol, producer of JV "Lekpharm" appeared. It is a generic drug, in the Belarusian import-substituting packaging - Arpetol. The instructions to him indicate that the active substance is: arbidol hydrochloride? Once again, the commercialization of today's pharma market and the lack of proper control is proved!

Tamiflu

Pharmacological action: an antiviral drug, which includes oseltamivir carboxylate (active metabolite), suppresses influenza A and B viruses. When Orvi is not effective.

Side effects: Nausea, insomnia, diarrhea, dizziness, lethargy, cough, headaches, with caution to pregnant women and lactation. Contraindicated for children under 1 year.

Produced: since 1996, the pharmaceutical company "F. Hoffmann-La Roche "registered the right to develop

preparations containing oseltamivir.

Research: Tamiflu has a disadvantage - it complicates the diagnosis, because side effects are similar to the symptoms of influenza. It is dangerous in the epidemic period with long-term admission. Optimum effective only short-term use - a few days at the beginning of the flu. Independent researchers demanded a standard report from the Swiss manufacturer of 4-5 research modules. To which the pharmaceutical company provided only the first modules, repeated requests for full information were never satisfied.

Since 2004, cases of neuropsychic disorders began to be registered, more often in children and adolescents who took Tamiflu during influenza - hallucinations, nightmares, confusion, convulsions, anxiety, etc.

Japanese postmarketing studies of this drug in 2006 have indicated a risk of developing impaired consciousness in humans - psychosis, depression, suicidal tendencies, especially in children. Also, 54 deaths were recorded after Tamiflu, 16 of which were in adolescents 10-19 years (15 committed suicide, 1 died, hitting the car), the rest died of kidney failure (it is possible that due to severe flu).

The latest information about this drug:Back in April 2014, the Cochrane Society (an independent health research network) represented by the Tom Jefferson group and the British Medical Journal published data from the Cochrane review of studies that did not confirm the efficacy of Tamiflu and Relenza in the treatment and prevention of influenza. Also, the efficacy of reducing influenza complications with these drugs has also been questioned. The firm attempts of Roche firm to fight back with a firm promise to provide undeniable evidence in the form of results of randomized trials have so far not been successful. Evidence is expected to present.

April 10, 2014, the Cochrane Collaboration website published the results of these 26 clinical trials Relenza and 20 clinical trials of Tamiflu, in which 2, 00 people participated.

As a result of the research it was found that:

• Oseltamivir as a preventive agent slightly reduces the risk of developing influenza in families, without reducing the ability of the influenza virus to be transmitted from person to person.
• The duration of symptoms is reduced by 16 hours (from 7 to 6.3 days), in children this effect is absent altogether.
• The drug has no effect on the risk of serious complications (sinusitis, otitis media, pneumonia, bronchitis), that is, does not reduce the likelihood of complications.
• The medicine is recognized as sufficiently toxic, increasing the risk of nausea, vomiting in both children and adults.
• When used for preventive purposes, the drug was dangerous to health, as it leads to mental disorders, kidney function, in some cases it is established that it helps to reduce the production of their own antibodies to the virus.

Based on these studies, health officials of the world's leading countries should decide to stop mass purchases of antiviral drugs with the active substance Oseltamivir due to the high risk of side effects and low effectiveness as a medicine for the therapy and prevention of influenza virus in the epidemic.

reference: only on the basis of the claims of the manufacturer Tamiflu that the drug significantly reduces the risk of serious complications and hospitalization of patients in time of the epidemic, countries such as the United Kingdom and the United States in 2009, in connection with the epidemic of swine flu, these drugs were purchased for 40 million. doses (US $ 1.3 billion dollars, Great Britain 424 million. f.St.).

Based on the latest data on the low effectiveness and non-safety of this antiviral, the international expert group on evidence-based medicine urged the governments of the world's leading countries to stop the massive purchases of drugs Tamiflu and Relenza.

Reviews: There are enough reviews about side effects in the form of vomiting, dizziness, psychosis, headache. The effectiveness of influenza is confirmed by many.

Price: Tamiflu-on average1200-1300rub.

Remantadine (Rimantadine)

Pharmacological action: antiviral drug, an adamantane derivative, suppresses various strains of the influenza A virus (swine flu including).

Side effects: contraindicated in pregnant women, children under 1 year. Reduces concentration of attention, causes dizziness, nervousness, headache, increased fatigue, nausea, vomiting, dryness in

mouth.

Produced: information on the first uses of the drug are known since 1968.

Research: The tests were conducted from 1981 to 2006, mainly they showed a lower toxicity of Remantadine in comparison with Amantadine. One study showed the effectiveness of preventing Amantadine influenza infection by 61% in comparison with a placebo group and in the event that a person falls ill, then for 1 day reduced the febrile syndrome. In the same study, he was compared to Tamiflu, he gave an efficacy of 73% of the placebo group. Rimantadine (Remantadine) is currently considered a drug with proven clinical efficacy, but the possible resistance to it of some strains of the influenza virus.

Reviews: There are reviews that Remantadin causes side effects - dizziness, tachycardia, bitterness in the mouth. In general, the reviews are positive.
Price: Remantadine - average50-150rub.

It is during the flu (including swine) with the first symptoms of therapists and pediatricians recommend: adults - Remantadin, Tamiflu. Children over 1 year old are shown by Orvir (rimantadine syrup), Viferon. Children older than 8 years can - Remantadin (in the table), Tamiflu.

Interferon preparations

Interferons are informant proteins, which are excreted by cells infected with viruses. They seem to inform other cells about the infection and the required inactivation of the virus. Alpha interferons produce lymphocytes, beta - fibroblasts. In addition to Viferon, the alpha group includes Intron, Reaferon, Kipferon.

Viferon

The creation of the drug was scientifically justified in the period 1990-1995. group of scientists of the Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology. N.F. Gamaleia under the guidance of prof. Malinovskaya V.V.
Since December 1996 on the basis of the same SRI, serial production of recombinant interferon alfa-2b in suppositories begins. Viferon - a candle with a different content of the active substance.

Application:

• Viferon-1 (150000 IU) is designed for babies from birth to 7 years. It is used in ARVI, herpetic infection, as an additional remedy for prolonged pneumonia or sepsis, including in preterm infants with intrauterine infections. The drug is given a course for 5 days. Children under 7 years are recommended 1 candle 2 times a day. Preterm, born on a period of more than 34 weeks - as children under 7 years. With a shorter gestation period - 1 candle three times a day. If necessary, after a five-day break, the course can be repeated for another 5 days.
• In children older than seven years, an adult drug in candles for 50, 00 IU is used twice a day for five days. Possible use of viferon in pregnant women.
• Candles with viferon content of , 0, 00 and , 0, 00 IU are used in the treatment of viral hepatitis and herpetic infections.
• The preparation in the form of ointment is intended for the therapy of herpes on the skin and mucous membranes in adults and children older than a year.

Side effects: the main side effect of drugs viferon may be an allergic reaction, which happens infrequently.

Research: As for the effectiveness of the drug, it is not included in list A of evidence-based pharmacology. I.e,wide randomized trials in humans consistent with international standards were not performed. However, a positive practical experience of treatment with viferon in pediatric practice is available. (By the way, nitroglycerin also does not have randomized studies that prove its effectiveness, which does not make it an ineffective first-line drug for stenocardia). Publications of these clinical trials of the drug are available only in Russian and were conducted only in domestic clinics. Value for money allows pediatricians to recommend a drug for ARVI treatment in children younger than seven years. For adults in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections, the drug is of limited use because of rectal administration and the availability of alternative drugs.

The main arguments of the opponents of the drug:

• high molecular weight of protein molecules that can not be absorbed in the gut
• lack of clinical trials that meet international standards.

Kipferon

In candle light a little expensive for the treatment of common colds. Therefore, it is replaced by viferon. But, with severe forms of intestinal dysbiosis in children of the first two years of life, the drug shows good clinical results.

Studies: Randomized trials were not conducted, that is, the drugrefers to the list of drugs with unproven effects. The main claims:

• High molecular weight, which prevents normal absorption
• Adding to the drug components of the donor blood, which can cause fever and allergies.

Cycloferon

Cycloferon was originally registered as a veterinary drug in 1993 for the treatment of animals with viral infections, in 1995 it was already honey. a drug.

The drug Cycloferon is approved for use in adults and children older than four years. Produced in solution for injection, tablets, liniment. Refers to immunomodulating drugs, is an inducer of interferon, enhancing its production and exhibiting antiviral, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulating properties.

Application: on the territory of the Russian Federation it is used in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections, influenza, viral hepatitis, herpes infection, viruses human papilloma and other urological and gynecological pathologies (eg, candidiasis, chlamydia).
Contraindications: The drug is not recommended for pregnant and lactating. May cause an allergic reaction.
Research: Cycloferon is an immunostimulant that stimulates the immune system and the production of interferons. To date, allclinical trialsthis drug, published in the medical literature,were conducted only in the territory of the Russian Federation and do not meet international standards.

According to tsikloferon there are no serious clinical trials that would prove its effectiveness or would be refuted absence of long-term adverse effects of this drug (development of autoimmune diseases). It is not superfluous to recall that all drugs that are on the pharma market for less than five years are still at the fifth level of pharmacological tests and it is quite possible to identify previously unknown undesirable effects from drugs of this kind. In the presence of newly identified harmful effects, the drug will be withdrawn from the pharmacy chains and discontinued, and the majority those who have been treated with this drug and have earned some disruptions in health are unlikely to receive at least some compensation.

Conclusions:

Ineffectiveness of antiviral agents due to the stability of strains of the virus

The lack of a positive effect with the use of some antiviral drugs for influenza is possible, and because of the appearance drug-resistant viruses and a specific influenza strain may already be resistant to a particular drug (eg, Remantadine).

Other treatments and placebo effect

It is also possible that patients whose reviews indicate the efficacy of such remedies were quickly recovered by other methods of symptomatic treatment, and the placebo effect is not excluded (cf. amazing facts about placebo).

Strong immunity

In a healthy organism, after 2-3 days, the immune system produces enough protective antibodies against the virus, it does not need additional medicines. It is enough to comply with all the known rules - bed rest, plentiful hot drink, vitaminized foods and drinks, clean air in the patient's room, gargling, etc.

Rapid recovery with antiviral drugs

In different life situations, reducing the duration of the disease even for one day can be very important, to example - wedding day, urgent business trip, important business deal, exam, interview, etc. It is in such cases that the use of antiviral drugs, which reduce the duration of the illness by 2-3 days, may make sense.

There are no adequate studies

The lack of benign research on the study of efficacy and side effects (on a large group of people, different ages, for a long time time), the majority of antiviral agents from Orvi and influenza suggest the caution of their use or even the rejection of them.

Do not spend money on pacifiers

Spending money, in some cases, considerable, on drugs with unproved efficacy, side effects, questionable safety, perhaps, is not advisable. Any medicine, even useless or empty, can damage the body.

Video transmission: How the placebo effect works

• from : 4 min. - about what means are usually prescribed by doctors
• from 2: 0 - about the effect of placebo on the functioning of the immune system
• from 3: 7 - about the high effect of placebo in children
• from 3: 5 - about preparations-pustachki, appointed or nominated at ORVI
• from 3: 0 - about homeopathy and antiviral drugs in ARVI
• from 4: 7 - about how modern research is conducted

zdravotvet.ru

Antiviral drugs for ARVI. Comparison of drugs and reviews

A person is constantly surrounded by microorganisms. They can provoke ARVI. Viruses penetrate the body through the respiratory tract. To quickly stop unpleasant symptoms, you have to take antiviral drugs in ARVI. However, not every time when you come into contact with microorganisms, a person develops a disease. The immune system can perfectly resist them. But if the body's own defense does not cope, then the ailment can develop in all its might and even provoke serious lesions of the lungs, bronchi, and exacerbation of chronic pathologies.

Tactics of treatment

Most of the population, with the slightest cough and sneezing, takes out different medications from the medicine cabinet and begins to struggle intensively with the disease. In this case, the choice of many people with ARVI stops on antibiotics. For the first days of treatment, this tactic is wrong.

Antibacterial drugs have an effect on bacteria. The source of ARVI is a virus. Bacterial flora can only join on the 5th-7th day of the common cold. In this case, the appointment of an antibiotic is advisable. And for the prevention of such drugs are completely meaningless.

It is antiviral drugs in ARVI that are the means of choice. If the disease is mild, with high immune protection, then you can cope with the common cold even without medication. But if the disease "rewarded" the patient with all the unpleasant symptoms - a strong cough, a sudden runny nose, high fever, then it is just necessary to treat ARVI. Antiviral means will quickly stop the painful signs of a cold.

However, it is necessary to know that such medications are effective only at the initial stages of the disease. On the 3-5th day, such therapy will not bring the desired effect. If there is a multiplication and active distribution of a pathogenic agent through the body, then antiviral agents are not able to overcome the common cold.

Classification of drugs

In medical practice, there is a certain separation of all drugs according to the mechanism of exposure and origin. According to him, antiviral agents are classified as follows:

1. Interferons. Such preparations contain certain substances of protein nature. Their main task is to prevent the spread of microorganisms. Interferon is an excellent protection against a viral infection provoked by ARVI. Treatment with these drugs helps to speed up recovery, greatly facilitates the therapeutic task. Initially, interferon medicine scientists received from the blood of a donor. Later, effective drugs were developed by artificial means - genetic engineering. The most effective medicines are "Interferon human leukocyte", "Viferon", "Grippferon". However, it should be remembered that any of these medicines should be prescribed by a doctor.
2. Interferon inductors. This group of drugs works somewhat differently. The medicine, acting on the human body, actively stimulates the production of its own interferons. Thanks to this tactic, the drugs are widely used for cold pathologies, including ARVI. Treatment of colds with interferon inducers is very effective. Such funds allow you to stop the symptoms of influenza. The most common drugs are: Amiksin, Levomax, Arpefly, Arbidol, Immustat, Arbivir.
3. Cyclic amines. The mechanism of action of this group is directed towards the suppression of the virus. Drugs, getting into the human body, contribute to the violation of the formation of the shell of the microorganism. Due to this effect, a high therapeutic effect of these medicines is achieved. The most effective representatives of the group are funds Remantadin, Remavir.
4. Inhibitors of neuraminidase. Such antiviral agents affect only the influenza virus. Their action is based on inhibition of the neuraminidase enzyme. Thus, the virus is released from the infected cells. This allows to stop influenza in the initial stages and does not allow the viruses to escape from the respiratory tract. Medications excellently reduce the severity of symptoms and the patient quickly recovers. The most effective medicines are Zanamivir and Oseltamivir.
5. Medicines of vegetable origin. Such group of antiviral medicines is united by one. They contain components of plant origin. The most famous drugs are "Proteflazid", "Flavazid", "Altabor", "Immunoflazid."
6. Other antiviral drugs. Such a group includes medicines used for etiotropic treatment of influenza, ARVI, which are not included in any of the categories described above. These include Amizon, Engistol, Novirin, Groprinosin, Inosin.

How to choose a drug?

No one is immune from a cold. Therefore, with the first symptoms, everyone is trying to find a good antiviral drug. What do doctors advise? Doctors recommend using the following tools:

1. Medicines that affect the viruses. Such drugs contribute to the disruption of the process of reproduction of microorganisms. As a result, the patient quickly recovers. These antiviral drugs in acute respiratory infections are highly effective and have a rapid effect on the body. But they have a drawback. Most of them affect certain types of microorganisms. With other viruses, they can be useless. Such drugs of direct action are "Arbidol", "Tamiflu", "Remantadin", "Ingavirin".
2. Interferon preparations. Under the protection of such substances, cells of the body become insensitive to viruses. Drugs are quite effective in ARVI, influenza. The effect of these drugs is aimed at increasing the artificial level of interferon. Such means are "Kipferon" and its analogs.
3. Medications that enhance the synthesis of interferon. These are highly effective antiviral medicines, the impact on the body of which is the most physiological. Such drugs are "Tsikloferon", "Kagocel".

It is important not only to choose the right antiviral drug, but also to start it in time. Be sure to follow the instructions. Each of the medicines must be taken as many days as it is written in the annotation, even if the symptomatology of ARVI has already passed. Only then can we expect that the medicine will fully relieve the disease.

Research of medical scientists

Comparative characteristics of medicines were of interest to many doctors. Doctors have set a goal to determine a good antiviral drug. To do this, they conducted a controlled study of several drugs on their effectiveness for preventive purposes. In this experience, more than 70 thousand people took part. The results of the study are presented in the table.

Name of the medicine	Efficiency index
Amiksin	,
Arbidol	,
Reaferon	,
"Cycloferon"	,
Polyoxidonium	,
Anaferon	,

The study found:

1. Admission of antiviral drugs for preventive purposes reliably protects the patient from ARVI.
2. People who still had ARVI, flu, transferred them in mild form. In such patients, mild symptoms and a brief increase in temperature were observed.
3. Complications after the disease did not occur.

Let us consider which antiviral drugs in ARVI are most in demand among the population.

Tamiflu Medicine

This drug refers to the medicines of the latest generation. Doctors consider the drug Tamiflu to be effective enough in the fight against acute respiratory infections. The price, unfortunately, is high for this product, and many patients can not afford it.

The drug can not be used for prevention, since it has a pronounced toxicity. In addition, doctors do not recommend long-term use of the drug "Tamiflu." Since, according to the latest research by Japanese doctors, the remedy can lead to:

• to the disturbance of the psyche;
• depressive state;
• propensity to suicide;
• psychosis.

The preparation is available in the form of powder for the preparation of suspension and in the form of capsules. The main impact of this tool is the successful suppression of virus growth and replication.

The drug has the following contraindications:

• allergy to the components of the product;
• renal failure, occurring in acute form.

It is strictly prohibited to use the drug for children under 12 years old. Before using Tamiflu, pregnant and lactating mothers, it is necessary to consult a doctor.

The drug has many side effects:

• nausea, vomiting;
• insomnia, headache;
• cough;
• stomach ache;
• acute sinusitis, otitis media, pneumonia (such complications can be observed in children).

Be sure to consult a doctor if you have decided to use Tamiflu to fight ARVI.

The price of this medication, as noted above, is quite high, and varies between 1000-1400 rubles.

The effectiveness of the drug and its safety have been carefully studied to this day. It should be emphasized that the drug is indeed recognized as toxic. However, doctors who practice the treatment of viral infections with the drug Tamiflu, speak about it very positively. Many clinics have proven the effectiveness of this drug in fighting some strains of influenza. But at the same time one can not rule out the high probability of side effects.

The drug "Amiksin"

The medicine is an excellent immunomodulatory, antiviral agent. This medication refers to artificially created interferon inducers. The highest concentration of the necessary substance in the blood, intestines and liver is observed 4-24 hours after the drug "Amiksin." The price of the drug is quite acceptable. Therefore, such a tool is often used to prevent and treat ARVI.

The medication is available in the form of coated tablets.

The main contraindications for taking medication are:

• sensitivity to components;
• pregnancy;
• lactation period;
• children under 7 years.

The drug "Amiksin" is perfectly combined with antibiotics, which can be prescribed by a doctor for the treatment of infection.

The medicine can provoke the following side effects:

• dyspepsia;
• an allergic reaction;
• short-term chill.

In general, the drug "Amiksin" is quite safe. The price of the medicine is about 500 rubles.

Means of "Kagotsel"

This medicine belongs to the inducers of interferon. It is effective in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections, influenza. In order to get a favorable result from the treatment, it is necessary to apply the drug Kagocel in the first day after the onset of the illness. The price for this drug is low enough that it allows the use of the drug to almost any patient.

Contraindications to the use of the medicine are:

• individual sensitivity;
• intolerance to galactose;
• pregnancy;
• lactation period;
• age up to 6 years;
• lactose insufficiency.

The drug is well tolerated by patients and very rarely causes side effects. In isolated cases, an allergic reaction to the Kagocel drug may develop. The price of the drug is about 200 rubles.

The medicine "Ingavirin"

The drug is highly effective against many viruses. It is widely used not only for the treatment of colds, but also for preventive purposes. This drug should not be combined with drugs that have antiviral activity.

The effect of this drug on the human body is due to its ability to inhibit the reproduction of viruses. Thus, the drug suppresses the development of the common cold at the initial stage. It reduces febrile, intoxication periods, significantly reduces the risk of various complications.

The drug is available only in the form of capsules.

The medicine practically does not cause side effects and most people are well tolerated. Very rarely there may be allergic reactions.

Contraindications to the use of the drug are:

• pregnancy;
• age to 18 years;
• individual sensitivity to the ingredients of the drug.

Doctors confirm that if you were prescribed Ingavirin for ARVI, the application (the price of the medicine is 412.50 rubles) will be very effective.

The drug "Arbidol"

The drug is very popular. After all, this medicine is an effective antiviral agent of a wide spectrum of action. It can suppress a wide variety of viruses. Its effectiveness is explained by the ability to reduce the painful period and reduce the severity of cold symptoms.

The drug is low toxicity. During the treatment, he practically does not cause any serious complications. The medicine is in the form of capsules.

Contraindicated this remedy:

• children under three years;
• pregnant women;
• Persons suffering from hypersensitivity to the active substance.

Despite the fact that there are practically no negative reviews about the drug, the instruction gives the following side effects that may arise during the use of these capsules:

• stomach pain;
• angioedema;
• dermatitis of different types.

The price of the medicine is 140-600 rubles (depending on the dosage and packaging).

Remantidine remedy

Medication has been used for many years to treat and prevent viral infections. It effectively slows the reproduction of the virus after penetration into the cell. Remantadine is used for colds since the 1970s. Since then, he has passed many tests and various studies, as a result of which his excellent antiviral properties were fully confirmed.

Contraindicated drug under the following factors:

• kidney pathologies (acute, chronic);
• pregnancy;
• lactation period;
• acute liver diseases;
• individual sensitivity to the components of the drug;
• thyrotoxicosis;
• children under 7 years.

The medication is well tolerated by patients. But sometimes it can provoke the development of side effects:

• various rashes;
• diarrhea, indigestion;
• hoarseness of voice;
• decreased attention, drowsiness;
• depression;
• hyperkinesis;
• violation of gait;
• noise in ears.

It is extremely undesirable to combine the use of Remantadine with alcohol-containing beverages. This combination can provoke unwanted phenomena from the nervous system. The effect of the drug on the body reduces the funds "Paracetamol", "Aspirin".

Despite its high effectiveness, Remantadine is an inexpensive antiviral agent. Its cost varies from 50-170 rubles.

Drops "Derinat"

The drug is a new medicine that allows you to quickly and effectively treat ARVI. The medicine is available only in the form of nasal drops. The drug "Derinat" is an effective immunostimulant. This drug, entering the body, very quickly begins to fight with microorganisms. It provides excellent and timely synthesis of interferon.

Antiviral drops "Derinat" do not have age-related contraindications. They can be used even for the treatment of babies. In this case, the therapeutic task is greatly simplified. Since it is much easier for the babies to use the medicine in the form of drops.

The facility will cost the buyer 230-300 rubles.

Patient Reviews

Concerning the effectiveness of the drug Amiksin, the opinions of consumers are divided. Some argue that the drug quickly enough to put on your feet, if you start treatment in time. Other consumers advise not to throw money away.

Most people agree that the drug "Kagotsel" is quite effective. This tool allows you to quickly and easily recover from viral infections. In addition, patients especially note the minimum number of side effects. This indicates the safety of the drug.

The drug "Ingavirin" refers to a fairly effective means. Thus patients emphasize, that 3-4 days after the beginning of the use of the given medicine the symptoms of the disease completely disappears. But if the initial stage of the common cold is missed, the drug, like other antiviral medicines, is completely ineffective.

Despite the fact that the price is not available for everyone on Arbidol, the reviews about this drug are mostly positive. Many patients who use the drug for several years, show that the medicine really helps to quickly and easily eliminate the initial stage of the disease. However, there are always opponents. Some people argue that the drug is ineffective and almost does not help with viral infections. In most cases, these are patients who have already developed the disease in full force.

Popular among the population is the remedial medicine Remantadin. Its high efficiency is verified by time and various studies.

Widespread popularity deserved drops "Derinat". Customer feedback confirms the effective use of this medication. It is allowed to apply to pregnant women, infants. With timely-begun therapy, ARVI completely recedes.

No matter how great the antiviral medicine does not seem, do not forget that the drug should be used as directed by the doctor and strictly follow the instructions.

syl.ru

Antiviral drugs for ARVI

As you know, acute respiratory-viral infections affect people with a weak immune system, especially in periods of epidemics. Many mistakenly begin to use antibiotics, hoping for a cure by eliminating bacteria. Antiviral drugs for ARVI are most effective, as they simultaneously have an immunomodulatory effect and purify the body of the pathogen.

Treatment of ARVI with antiviral drugs

The mechanism of operation of the type of medicines in question is to block the activity and multiplication of viruses, and also intensification of the production of a special substance - interferon, which is responsible for the reaction of the defense system.

Thus, modern antiviral drugs in ARVI provide effective treatment and good prevention of influenza. But it is important to remember that joining a bacterial component or infection with a fungus requires additional measures in the form of antibiotic therapy or antimycotic agents.

Effective antiviral drugs in ARVI

If the disease occurs in severe form and is fraught with complications, it is recommended to use active complex-action medications that provide development of interferon components, promote the elimination of toxic compounds (due to the vital activity of viral cells) and support the immune system.

The best antiviral drugs for ARVI:

• Citovir-3;
• Lavomax;
• Tyloron;
• Amiksin;
• Kagocel;
• Ingavirin;
• Relenza;
• Arbidol;
• Viferon;
• Tamiflu;
• Genferon;
• Zanamivir;
• Erebra;
• Remavir;
• Esberitox;
• Immunoflavid;
• Lordes;
• Grippferon;
• Remantadine;
• Arbidol.

As a rule, the described variety of medicines is issued in the form of capsules or tablets, but in periods of epidemics, injections are more effective:

• Ultrix;
• Cycloferon;
• Anaferon;
• Isoprinosine;
• Grogrinosine.

It is interesting that most of the listed drugs also have antihistamine action. This is due to the normalization of the immune response to the introduction of stimuli.

Usually, antiviral drugs are well tolerated, in rare cases, side effects occur in the form of dyspeptic disorders, dizziness, general weakness, headache.

List of inexpensive antiviral drugs for ARVI

All effective drugs of this series usually have a high cost because of the price of active ingredients (interferon). In addition, most of the medicines are produced abroad, and this increases their high cost.

Among relatively cheap drugs is worth noting:

• Amizon;
• Altabor;
• Amiksin;
• Grippomed;
• An immunostat;
• Ehinasal.

You can also pay attention to the local remedy - oxolin ointment. At it the low price, but daily drawing of a small amount of a medicine on an internal surface

Nasal sinuses can successfully avoid infection by the virus during the epidemic.

Some people prefer to use only natural preparations, for example, tincture of Echinacea or medicines based on it with the addition of vitamin complexes (Immuno-Tone, Immunovit, Immunoplus). The effectiveness of such drugs in the fight against viruses is not proven. Despite the fact that they support the immune system and have a restorative effect, the drugs described Do not block the activity of pathogens and are too weak to prevent their reproduction. Plant extracts are indicated as additional measures, rather than basic therapy.

WomanAdvice.ru

Antiviral drugs for colds

Antiviral drugs for colds - the main tool in the fight against this category of ailments.

As is known, during the period of activation of catarrhal diseases it is better to be engaged in their prevention, and not to bring them to conditions when treatment is already needed. Activating immunity in the cold season is the most effective measure to protect yourself against colds. Then the disease will not develop or, at least, the situation will not take on a serious form.

If the disease has a viral nature - acute respiratory viral disease (ARVI) - then there can not be no treatment without treatment. And it is best in this case to cope with the problem of antiviral drugs. The essence of their action is in the impact on the virus itself, which is an etiological factor.

Antiviral drugs are used to treat ARVI and influenza. These drugs affect the replication of the virus in such a way as to stop its reproduction. Antiviral drugs are synthetic or natural. They are used both in the fight against the disease, and for its prevention. Different stages of the common cold can be exposed to antiviral drugs. To date, modern science knows about five hundred pathogens of different kinds of colds. Antiviral drugs to fight them quite a bit.

In general, viral diseases are treated with three types of drugs:

• drugs for a wide spectrum of influenza;
• drugs for the treatment of herpes infections.
• means for controlling cytomegalovirus.

In the case of severe disease, antiviral drugs are taken, with the use of interferons is easy. Within a day and a half after the appearance of the first symptoms, it is urgent to begin taking an antiviral drug. If we allow the multiplication of the virus to such a scale that it will occupy the entire body, then it can be brought to the conclusion that taking medications will not have any effect.

Effects of antiviral drugs for colds

With the help of antiviral drugs, the causes of the onset and development of acute respiratory illness are eliminated. The results of this action are:

• reduction of risks of exacerbations of chronic diseases (chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, etc.);
• shortening the course of the cold for several days, alleviating its symptoms;
• risk reduction that severe complications will appear after an acute respiratory illness.

Antiviral drugs for colds are also used as an emergency prophylaxis in the event that one of the family members becomes ill and needs to reduce the risk of infection of healthy people.

Antiviral tablets for colds

In a class where there are synthetic antiviral drugs that cope well with the influenza virus, there are two groups of effective remedies. The essence of the action of M-channel blockers in the blocking of the virus so that it can not penetrate into cells and multiply. One of the tested preparations against viruses of this category is Amantadine (Midantan), and also Rimantadine (Remantadin). For the desired effect, they should be taken as soon as the disease begins to manifest itself. Another of their drawbacks is that it is not always possible to understand what kind of virus a person has become. And these antiviral drugs are shown in the epidemic from the influenza A virus. In addition, avian and swine flu are resistant to them. It is important to remember that taking an antiviral drug for a cold should be done not only by the sick person himself, but by all members of his family.

Effective antiviral agent for colds

But neuraminidase inhibitors act on influenza A and B viruses. The essence of their action in suppressing the enzyme, which is responsible for the multiplication of the virus. Representatives of this group of drugs are "Oseltamivir" ("Tamiflu") and "Zanamivir" (Relenza). You can start taking them within two days from the initial manifestations of the disease.

List of antiviral drugs for colds

• Tamiflu;
• "Relenza";
• "Grippferon";
• Anaferon;
• "Amiksin";
• Kagocel;
• Remantadin;
• "Viferon";
• Arbidol;
• "Ribavirin";
• "Amizon";
• "Cycloferon."

Antiviral drug for cold "Zanamivir"

"Zanamivir" is prescribed for influenza in adults and children over 5 years of age for 5 mg of inhalation twice a day for 5 days. The total daily dose reaches 10 mg. The drug is not combined with other inhalation medications (including bronchodilators), because, that possible exacerbations in patients with bronchial asthma and other nonspecific lung diseases. In a number of people without pulmonary pathology, there may be signs of nasopharyngeal irritation, reaching in rare cases before the appearance of bronchospasm.

Antiviral drug for cold "Oseltamivir"

For influenza for adults and children over 12 years, the recommended dose of "Oseltamivir" is 75 mg 2 times a day for at least 5 days. "Oseltamivir" is prescribed for children older than 1 year - with a body weight of less than 15 kg of 30 mg, 15 to 23 kg of 45 mg, 23 to 40 kg of 60 mg, more than 40 kg - 75 mg twice daily for five days.

The drug is administered with caution in renal failure, it can cause nausea and vomiting during admission.

Antiviral drugs for a cold of a wider spectrum of action - "Ribavirin" ("Ribarin") and "Inosin Pranobeks" ("Grosprinozin").

Antiviral drug for cold "Ribavirin"

"Ribavirin" acts on influenza A and B-viruses, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, coronaviruses, rhinoviruses. The specificity of the drug is its high toxicity, therefore it is used only if a respiratory syncytial infection is confirmed that often leads to bronchiolitis in children.

"Ribavirin" is used to treat influenza in adults over 18 years (200 mg 3-4 times daily during meal for 5-7 days) in the absence of pregnancy, kidney failure and hemolytic anemia.

Antiviral drug for cold "Inosin pranobeks"

"Inosin pranobeks" fights against viruses of influenza, parainfluenza, rhinoviruses, adenoviruses. This antiviral drug for cold stimulates the defenses of the human body. To treat influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections it is recommended to take: adults 2 tablets 3-4 times a day at regular intervals throughout 5-7 days; children a daily dose of 50 mg per kilogram of body weight.

The daily dose should be taken at 3-4 times at regular intervals. The duration of treatment is 5-7 days.

Interferons and interferon inducers

Another large group of antiviral drugs for colds are interferons and interferon inducers. Interferons are protein substances that synthesize the body as a response to infection, due to them the body is more resistant to viruses. They have a wide spectrum of action, which favorably differ from many other synthetic drugs. But some experts say that they are not very effective in ARVI. In the case of colds, they are prescribed as drops in the nose and rectal suppositories. The native leukocyte interferon is digested four or six times a day, Reaferon (interferon alfa-2a) two drops twice-four times a day. Viferon (alpha-2b interferon) usually goes like a candle, adults usually use Viferon 3 and 4.

There are also inducers of interferon. These are drugs that stimulate the body to produce its own interferons. Catarrhal diseases are treated with "Tyloron" ("Amiksin"), "Meglumina acridonacetate" ("Cycloferon") and a number of other antiviral drugs for colds.

Antiviral drug for cold "Amiksin"

For treatment of influenza and acute respiratory disease, "Amiksin" is prescribed inside after eating two tablets of 0.125 g for adults and 0.06 g for children over 7 years on the first day of illness and then 1 tablet every other day.

The course of treatment - up to 6 tablets. Contraindicated in pregnant women and children younger than 7 years.

Antiviral drug for cold "Cycloferon"

"Cycloferon" is used to treat influenza and ARI in the form of intramuscular injections at a dose of 250 mg (12.5% ​​per 2 ml) for two consecutive days, then every other day or 1 tablet 0.15 g every other day for 20 days.

Antiviral drug for cold "Kagocel"

"Kagocel" is an inducer of interferon with direct antiviral and immunomodulating action.

Usually it is prescribed for influenza and ARI adults 2 tablets 3 times a day for the first two days (daily dose is 72 mg), then 1 tablet 3 times a day (daily dose of 36 mg). A total of 18 tablets per 4-day course.

Antiviral drug for cold "Arbidol"

Effective in treating the common cold is an antiviral drug, like Arbidol. It acts against viruses A, B, it also treats parainfluenza, syncytial infections, adenoviruses. The essence of the drug in stimulating the production of endogenous interferon, it has an antioxidant effect, strengthens the immune system.

Arbidol for colds without complications appoint: children from 3 to 6 years - 50 mg, from 6 to 12 years - 100 mg, over 12 years and adults - 200 mg 4 times a day (every 6 hours) for 5 days. With the development of complications (bronchitis, pneumonia, etc.) children from 3 to 6 years take Arbidol 50 mg, from 6 to 12 years - 100 mg, older 12 years, adults - 200 mg 4 times a day (every 6 hours) for 5 days, then a single dose once a week for a month.

Antiviral drug for cold "Amizon"

Antiviral drug for cold "Amizon" is an inducer of endogenous interferon, has antiviral, immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory action.

Adults take "Amizon" 2-4 times a day after a meal with an average flu and acute respiratory infections of 0.25 g, with a heavy - for 0.5 g for 5-7 days; the course dose of treatment is 3-6.5 g. Children aged 6-12 years drink 0.125 grams 2-3 times a day for 5-7 days.

Antiviral drug for cold "Anaferon"

"Anaferon" refers to homeopathic remedies with antiviral and immunomodulating effect. It is also used to treat colds and flu. Usage for adults: 1 tablet, sublingually from three times a day to six, depending on the severity of the disease.

Treatment begins with the first respiratory symptoms. After improving the condition, it is recommended to switch to taking the drug once a day, for 8-10 days. Children from six months to three years, one tablet dissolved in 15 ml of water and give a drink. For prevention, Anaferon is prescribed one tablet once a day, for one to three months.

Antiviral drug for colds "Grippferon"

"Grippferon" is an immunomodulatory, antiviral and anti-inflammatory drug for intranasal use. The duration of the course of application and dose of the drug "Grippferon" is usually determined by the doctor in charge.

The recommended dose for children younger than 1 year is 500 IU (1 drop of the drug) 5 times a day; for children from 1 to 3 years of age is 1000 IU (2 drops of "Grippferon") 3-4 times a day; from 3 to 14 years is 1000 IU (2 drops of the drug "Grippferon") 4-5 times a day. The recommended adult dose is 1500 IU (3 drops) 5-6 times a day. The course duration is 5 days.

Herbal antiviral drugs for colds

Some herbs also have an antiviral effect. The effect of many herbal medicines is directed against viruses belonging to the herpes family. Catarrhal diseases are often accompanied by herpes rash, in addition, the course of cytomegalovirus infection also often occurs with the same symptoms as ARVI. This category of drugs includes "Alpizarin". The active substance in it is an extract of such plants as an alpine penny, a yellow penny, mango leaves. The antiviral preparation "Flacoside" has in its composition an active substance, which is obtained from velvet Amur and velvet Laval. For external use, the ointments "Megozin" (cottonseed oil), "Helepin" (ground part of the cheesecake), "Gossipol" (are obtained when processing the cotton seeds or the roots of cotton).

Antiviral drugs that are used for colds also include Altabor. It is based on an extract of stems of gray and black (sticky) alder.

The pendulous shank and ground reed give life to the drug "Proteflazidu", it is also used in the treatment of colds, influenza and for their prevention. Antiviral and immunomodulating action is possessed by the German preparation "Imupret". It consists of field horsetail, walnut leaves and oak bark.

The price of antiviral drugs for colds

The run-up of prices for antiviral drugs for colds is quite wide - from 20 to 200 hryvnia (of course, it still depends on the packaging and the number of tablets). In any case, it is better to consult with the attending physician who will prescribe the drug, which in the particular case will prove to be the most effective.

If you call the approximate prices for the main antiviral drugs used to treat colds, in pharmacies in Ukraine they are: "Amizon" - from 20 UAH, "Arbidol" - from 50 UAH, "Amiksin" - from 30 UAH, "Anaferon" - from 40 UAH, "Remantadin" - from 11 UAH, "Kagocel" from 70 UAH, "Viferon" - from 70 UAH - from 110 UAH.

Inexpensive antiviral drugs for colds

Inexpensive antiviral drugs for colds, often prescribed by doctors and commonly used - Amizon, Amiksin, Anaferon. For 20-40 hryvnia you can buy 10 tablets. But once again pay attention: before making a decision to purchase an antiviral drug for a cold, it is worth consulting with the treating doctor.

With the help of antiviral drugs, it is not the consequence, but the cause of the catarrhal disease that is eliminated. This is the great advantage of antiviral drugs in the treatment of colds, which also explains their effectiveness. Antiviral drugs shorten the cold for two to three days, ease its course. As a result of taking antiviral drugs for colds, the risk of other chronic diseases worsening (exacerbation of the bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis and other diseases), there will also be no various complications, as is often the case with other drugs. In addition, antiviral drugs for colds give excellent effect in the prevention of acute respiratory viral infections, influenza, including among healthy family members when the patient is at home.

ilive.com.ua

Antibiotics for ARVI

Many people think that there is no sense in prescribing antibiotics for ARVI, since these are antibacterial drugs, and they do not work for viruses. So why are they still appointed? Let's figure it out.

ARVI is a common infectious disease that is transmitted by airborne droplets, or by contact through unwashed hands, objects, things. The name of an acute respiratory viral infection speaks for itself: the infection is caused by pneumotrophic viruses that mostly damage the respiratory system.

Treatment of acute respiratory viral infections with antibiotics

If the catarrhal disease is caused by a viral infection, it is more logical at the first symptoms to take antiviral medicines, carry out detoxification and symptomatic treatment according to indications. Antibiotic therapy is usually added about a week after the discovery of a cold, if the ongoing treatment of a viral lesion is recognized as ineffective, the patient's condition worsens, or remains unchanged.

In addition, often there are situations when against the background of a decrease in immunity, provoked by an acute respiratory infection, an additional bacterial pathology develops. This is where the use of antibiotics becomes possible and even necessary. Antibiotics are preparations of complex and multifaceted action, their administration is carried out with observance of certain precautions: exact observance of dosage and time of reception, with determination of sensitivity of bacterial flora, with simultaneous application of some antifungal and immunomodulating preparations. Therefore, the best decision when choosing an antibiotic is a preliminary consultation with a doctor- therapist or infectious disease specialist who will advise you on the most effective drug in your case.

Do antibiotics help in ARVI?

If, within a few days after the onset of ARVI development, you notice the appearance of painful lymph nodes and sore throat, gland on the glands, shooting in the ear, prolonged an impassable purulent runny nose, wheezing in the lungs, large temperatures (more than three days), then the use of antibiotics in such cases is justified enough.

In order for antibiotics to have the expected effect, first of all they must be properly selected: the spectrum of action, localization, dosage and duration of administration is determined.

To achieve positive dynamics, to cure the disease and not to harm the body, it is necessary to adhere strictly to the general rules for taking antibiotics:

• the prescription of an antibiotic should be due to the presence or possibility of getting a bacterial infection;
• when taking an antibiotic, its necessary constant concentration in the blood should be determined: if the doctor prescribed an antibiotic 5 times a day, then his should be taken exactly 5 times, and you should not self-lower the dosage and change the regimen of treatment, thereby you unbalance your and bacterial microflora;
• Do not stop taking antibiotics immediately after the first signs of relief, the course of admission should be brought to an end: do not The final course only weakens the strength of the bacteria, and for complete recovery it is necessary that they completely die. Without destroying them completely, you run the risk of getting sick again soon, or getting a chronic form of the disease;
• during the reception of antibiotics, it is necessary to take measures for the prevention of dysbiosis, since these drugs can be destructive not only to the pathogenic microflora, but also on a healthy intestinal: against the background of antibiotic therapy, it is recommended to take antifungal agents, as well as drugs that support the beneficial microflora in the body;
• for the prevention of toxic effects of antibiotics, it is necessary to take a sufficient amount of liquid, including fermented milk products;
• Eat plenty of vitamins, drink juices, whenever possible, visit the sun and fresh air.

When are prescribed antibiotics for ARVI?

There are cases of prescribing antibiotics in acute viral pathologies, and they are far from single. Of course, taking antibacterial drugs without need is not necessary, nevertheless, there are quite a lot of reasonable reasons for their appointment:

• the presence of chronic, often exacerbated inflammation of the middle ear;
• small children with signs of unfavorable development: lack of body weight, lack of calcium and vitamin D, weakening of immunity, anomalies of the functioning of the body;
• presence of symptoms of chronic weakness of the body's defense system (frequent inflammatory processes, colds, unmotivated fever, purulent processes, fungal infections, persistent digestive system disorders, malignant neoplasms, AIDS, congenital anomalies of immunity, autoimmune pathology).

Also, the use of antibiotics is effective and understandable for certain complications:

• joining purulent infection (sinusitis, lesions of lymph nodes, abscesses, phlegmon, bacterial lesion of the throat and respiratory system);
• simultaneous development of bacterial angina (purulent, with the presence of streptococcal or anaerobic infection);
• formation of background ear inflammation;
• joining the inflammatory process in the lungs of any etiology.

Often, antibiotics are prescribed to the weakened patient as a preventive measure in the fight against complications.

What antibiotics to drink in ARVI?

Antibiotics, which are usually prescribed for ARVI, are representatives of the following groups:

• penicillin series - oxacillin, ampicillin sodium salt, ampiox - antibacterial drugs with a wide bacteriostatic and bactericidal action, are quickly absorbed, effectively act on pneumococcal, meningococcal, streptococcal infections;
• cephalosporin series - cephaloridine, cephalexin, cefazolin, cefatrexil - low-toxic antibiotics, act on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, even penicillin-resistant strains are inhibited;
• tetracycline series - tetracycline hydrochloride, morphocycline, doxycycline - inhibit the synthesis of proteins in a microbial cell, active antibacterial drugs;
• aminoglycosides - gentamicin, amikacin - popular antibiotics for severe infections;
• macrolide antibiotics - erythromycin, azithromycin - inhibit the multiplication of bacteria;
• other groups of antibiotics - lincomycin, rifampicin.

The choice of antibiotic is determined by the spectrum of its action, the degree of influence on the bacterial cell. Before taking medications, carefully read the instructions, or even better, consult a doctor.

Antibiotics for adults with ARVI

Antibiotics, as a rule, are not prescribed from the first days of the disease. Viral etiology of ARVI provides for the use of primarily antiviral drugs (rimantadine, zanamivir).

Antibiotic therapy in adults is used when the following signs are found:

• long (more than three days) high body temperature;
• symptoms of general intoxication of the body (headache, dizziness, nausea, cyanosis);
• wheezing, difficulty breathing, inability to cough up the contents of the bronchi, heaviness behind the sternum;
• increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR);
• increased number of leukocytes in the blood;
• the appearance of visible foci of microbial damage (phlegmon, abscess, furuncle, purulent sinusitis);
• absence of positive dynamics of the disease (despite treatment, pathological symptoms progress);
• old age and a weakened immune system of the body.

Prescribe antibiotics for ARVI in adults also with a mixed and complicated form of the disease.

Antibiotics for children with ARVI

Many parents when the child has ARVI hurry to give him any antibiotic, sometimes without any reason. With antibiotic therapy, you should not rush, especially when it comes to children.

Here are some principles that prescribe antibiotics for ARVI in children:

• antibiotics are used only in the presence of a high probability or with the proven bacterial etiology of the pathological condition;
• when determining the antibiotic for treatment, the most likely causative agents of an infectious disease are considered, and the possibility of carrying out antibiotic therapy in a child for any other disease lately;
• the choice of a therapeutic effect on the child prescribes the administration of drugs with a low level of toxicity;
• many antibacterial drugs have their age-limiting limitations;
• dosing of antibiotics for children is usually done taking into account the total body weight of the child.

Uncomplicated forms of acute respiratory viral infection usually do not require the use of antibiotics. They are prescribed with concomitant inflammation of the maxillary sinuses of the nose, tonsillitis, otitis, signs of pneumonia.

Antibiotics for ARVI and influenza

The flu is, in fact, the same viral infection, characterized, in contrast to ARVI, by a sharper onset and the possibility of developing more serious complications.

We return to the question, do antibiotics for ARVI and influenza equally need?

The causative agent of the flu is also a virus, so the unmotivated prescription of antibiotic therapy for influenza is not welcome. First, this additional toxic effect on the liver and gastrointestinal tract, and secondly, the possible formation of resistance of the bacterial flora to the antibiotic.

Therapy with antibiotics must be combined with the symptomatic and antiviral only in cases of prolonged incessant fever, with chronic diseases of the respiratory tract, kidneys, cardiovascular system, diabetes mellitus, decreased immune defense. Antibiotics can be prescribed to prevent the existing danger of developing a secondary bacterial infection.

You should start taking antibiotics only according to the doctor's prescription, you should not take them alone and unreasonably.

List of antibiotics for ARVI

One of the most effective antibacterial drugs for SARS are the following:

• The cephalosporin series includes cefexin, chainins, apsetil - semi-synthetic drugs with a wide range of effects. Three generations of these drugs are known. Bacteriostatic action allows the use of these antibiotics for any infectious diseases of the respiratory system. Adults can take medication in a daily dose of 400 mg, divided into two doses. The course of treatment is 1-2 weeks;
• fluoroquinolone series is represented by moxifloxacin and levofloxacin, characterized by rapid absorption and good bactericidal action. Adults appoint 0.5 g per day. Not recommended for use in children's practice;
• macrolide series is represented by erythromycin, azithromycin, used for sinusitis, angina, otitis media, pneumonia. Admission of these drugs during pregnancy is acceptable. Take 5-6 times a day for 0.25 g;
• penicillin series consists of antibiotics-derivatives of penicillin: ampicillin, amoxicillin, oxacillin. Can be used in pediatrics, since they have a low degree of toxicity. The daily dose is from two to three grams, taken for 4 times.

The course of antibiotic therapy is 1-2 weeks, but not less than five and not more than 14 days.

If one antibiotic is ineffective, it should be replaced in the near future with another, with a stronger degree of activity towards bacteria.

When developing an allergic reaction to an antibiotic, you should visit a doctor to replace the drug with a remedy from another group.

The best antibiotic for ARVI

Unfortunately, one can not say for sure what should be the best antibiotic in ARVI. Selection of an antibiotic is carried out individually, taking into account the degree of infectious damage, the age and condition of the patient, the sensitivity of the bacterial flora and allergological anamnesis of the patient. If there was one best antibiotic, there would be no sense in all other antibacterial agents.

However, antibiotics are divided into ordinary (penicillin, tetracycline, levomycetin, erythromycin) and more strong (ceftriaxone, junidox, sumamed, rulid, etc.) according to the degree of exposure to the microbial cell.

When treating infectious diseases of mixed etiology, one should choose not only strong antibacterial agents, but antibiotics that show activity against the broadest spectrum of possible pathogens. Sometimes, to achieve the maximum latitude of exposure, it is possible to designate combinations of drugs with different antibacterial spectrum.

It's no secret that new generation drugs have a much higher degree of activity and have fewer side effects than antibiotics, for example, thirty years ago. Such drugs are clarithromycin (klabaks, along with the effect on bacteria promotes immunity improvement), and also sumamed (azithromycin, which has the property of a stable effect on bacterial strains).

Drugs can be taken either orally, as an injection or as a spray.

Many people with the slightest signs of any disease themselves prescribe antibiotics. This is wrong, since the unreasonable and unskilled use of antibiotics provokes a rapid growth and mutation of bacterial cells, which significantly reduces the effect of antibacterial agents.

Antibiotics for ARVI should not be taken uncontrollably yet because these drugs are effective not only for specific bacteria, but also for the whole organism.

ilive.com.ua

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