Two-sided pneumonia

Symptoms and treatment of bilateral pneumonia

Pneumonia bilateral is one of the most dangerous lung diseases, which, if not properly treated, can result in the death of the patient.

Causes of bilateral pneumonia

Bilateral pneumonia is often triggered by the influence of harmful microorganisms on lung tissue.Most often, the causative agent of this disease is pneumococcus, less often the disease can be caused by a hemophilic rod, staphylococcus or several pathogens at the same time.

In the body of each person there are certain viruses and microbes, but protective functions have a deterrent effect and do not allow pathogens to develop. Therefore, the causes of bilateral pneumonia are different, one of the main is the weakening of immunity.

Deterioration of the state of the body's defenses can be caused by:

• disturbances in the rhythm of life;
• chronic diseases of the lungs and bronchi, provoking deformities of these organs;
• frequent colds;
• allergies;
• strong hypothermia;
• hypovitaminosis.

During supercooling local blood supply in the respiratory tract decreases, lung cells stop receiving nutrients and oxygen in the required amount. This also provokes the creation of favorable conditions for the development of pathogenic microorganisms.

Frequent colds have a destructive effect on the bronchial epithelium, and also provoke a decrease in local protection. Disorders of the vital rhythm are represented, first of all, by constant lack of sleep, which leads to a decrease in the reserve capacity of the organism to counteract viruses and bacteria. The normal duration of human sleep should be at least 8 hours.

Allergy also contributes to the weakening of immunity. Specialists noted that bilateral pneumonia is often diagnosed in people suffering from bronchial asthma or hyperplastic rhinitis.

Symptoms of bilateral pneumonia

Signs of bilateral pneumonia are similar to those of other forms of the disease.

Symptoms of bilateral pneumonia are presented:

• a sharp increase in body temperature, which practically does not decrease under the influence of antipyretic drugs;
• frequent headaches;
• the appearance of painful sensations in the chest, the intensity of which increases during deep breaths;
• weakness and discomfort due to a decrease in pressure;
• excessive sweating and shortness of breath;
• chills;
• muscle pain;
• deterioration of appetite;
• heart palpitations;
• signs of general intoxication of the body;
• attacks of cough accompanied by secretions of sputum with bloody impurities (sputum production is not noted in all cases of the disease);
• the appearance of rashes on the face, as well as the acquisition of skin pale or cyanotic shades.

Bilateral pneumonia is a category of acute diseases, so the first symptomatology manifested itself a few hours after the pathogen began to multiply in respiratory ways. But depending on the severity of bilateral pneumonia and the stage of development, the symptoms can manifest with varying intensity.

In its development, the disease goes through two stages. The first stage is characterized by inflammation of the alveolar acini, accompanied by a minor hemorrhage. In the second stage, inflammation of the involved areas occurs and the formation of fibrin on them. These processes provoke the development of respiratory failure.

When identifying the above symptoms it is important to seek help from a doctor in a timely manner, because bilateral pneumonia develops rapidly and within a week can end in a fatal outcome. Children have a more rapid development of the disease, rather than in the adult category of patients. In some cases, the infection of the child from the mother through the milk is diagnosed.

Diagnosis of bilateral pneumonia

Diagnosis of the disease can only be based on the results of radiological examination of the lungs. In the early stages of the disease manifest in the picture focal or segmental eclipses.

In the absence of treatment within a few days, the clinical picture can drastically change, and the picture will clearly show the absolute eclipse of both lungs. In this case, urgent hospitalization of the patient is necessary.

Treatment of bilateral pneumonia

The purpose of treatment of bilateral pneumonia should be preceded by determining the nature of the pathogen, analyzing the state of immunity of the patient and identifying co-morbidities. For this purpose, bacteriological examination of the patient's sputum and a test for sensitivity to antibacterial drugs are carried out.

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But quite often the specialists do not have extra time for carrying out all the necessary tests, and the treatment should be started urgently. In such cases, a general scheme of treatment of bilateral pneumonia is used, in which the patient is prescribed strong antibiotics with a wide spectrum of action. The main purpose of their use is to remove inflammation and detoxification of the body. Treatment involves the simultaneous use of several drugs. This prevents the development of serious pathologies.

Mandatory drugs include antihistamine and antipyretics. Further therapy with antibacterial drugs can be corrected after obtaining the results of studies giving a better idea of ​​the pathogen. During treatment of bilateral pneumonia, the patient should be at the hospital and be sure to adhere to the conditions of strict bed rest and high-calorie diet. To improve the protective functions of the body, the patient is prescribed vitamin therapy.

To exclude the development of bilateral pneumonia, it is necessary, above all, not to allow hypothermia. Therefore, the feet should always be kept warm. This applies to a greater extent to young children who are not able to take care of themselves and are quite vulnerable to the effects of harmful microorganisms.

After a slight improvement in the condition, oxygen inhalations and physiotherapy procedures can be prescribed. Categorically it is not recommended to treat bilateral pneumonia at home, because it is impossible to get rid of this disease without using antibacterial therapy.

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Complications of bilateral pneumonia

Two-sided pneumonia is a rather insidious disease, requiring an individual approach to the treatment of each patient. The result of illiterate treatment or its complete absence may be the development of complications presented:

• infection of blood (development of sepsis);
• infectious-toxic shock;
• occurrence of abscesses;
• fatal.

Often the cases of bilateral pneumonia, which were provoked by pneumococcus, are terminated in a lethal outcome. This is due to the excessive toxicity of the pathogen and its ability to rapidly multiply. The category of persons for whom the disease poses the greatest danger includes children in preschool age and elderly patients.

Prevention of disease

Since bilateral pneumonia can develop against the background of frequent colds, it is important to give sufficient attention to improving immunity and not forgetting about responsible and timely treatment of respiratory diseases character.

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Particular treatment is required for diseases of the respiratory system, which, if not properly treated, acquire a chronic form that creates favorable soil for the reproduction of bacteria. Of great importance is the system of proper nutrition, presupposing the use of those products that are necessary for the saturation of the body with all the necessary vitamins.

respiratoria.ru

Bilateral pneumonia: symptoms and danger

So often, after the transferred bronchitis, the lung X-ray shows complications. Two-sided pneumonia, the symptoms and the danger of which we now consider earlier, when both lungs are affected, one-sided - when one is light).

Bilateral pneumonia: a characteristic of the disease

According to statistics, pneumonia or pneumonia, a large number of people are ill a year (more than a million people). Despite the fact that science (medical) has reached the highest level in the treatment of pneumonia, this disease remains very dangerous and difficult. Since, the death rate of people who contract pneumonia is still a large percentage. Infect pneumonia can be airborne (a person who suffers pneumonia - sneezes). The second factor in the development of bilateral pneumonia symptoms. Increases the activity of infectious bacteria in the throat and in the nasal cavity of a person. If a person's immunity is weakened, he may get pneumonia. Infectious bacteria, getting through the respiratory system into the lungs, cause inflammatory changes (processes). An important role in the development of symptoms of bilateral pneumonia is, elementary, hypothermia of the body.

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Bilateral pneumonia: symptoms and danger of disease

The most dangerous (and bilateral pneumonia, and one-sided) pneumonia, which occurs almost without symptoms:

1. It is dangerous if there is no coughing with bilateral pneumonia;

2. there is no high body temperature;

3. sputum is not separated.

Such a pneumonia is difficult to recognize. And it is fraught with serious complications. In general, pneumonia is recognized by the following symptoms:

1. the body's temperature rises to almost 39 degrees.

2. there is shortness of breath.

3. there is a strong chill as a symptom of bilateral pneumonia.

4. there is a cough with phlegm.

5. blood veins may appear (in the sputum).

6. and, the main symptom of bilateral pneumonia, is chest pain (a locus of inflammation).

Bilateral pneumonia: diagnosis of the disease

Cough is not the main symptom of bilateral pneumonia. Since, the infection itself may not be in the respiratory system. Some people with bilateral pneumonia can change skin color. In this case, cyanosis develops. At a pneumonia the person can test both a headache, and even to lose consciousness.

To determine a person's pneumonia, it is necessary to do an x-ray of the lungs. This method will give you a reliable result. It is on X-rays that one can see a specialist whether a person has pneumonia:

1. one-sided (inflammation of one lobe of the lung);

2. bilateral (inflammation of two lobes of the lung).

The second step in identifying bilateral pneumonia is sputum analysis, for the presence of viruses, infections, bacteria. The third step is a blood test. If, as a result of a blood test, many white blood cells are detected (above the norm), it is a viral bilateral pneumonia or bacterial pneumonia.

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Two-sided pneumonia

Assess the whole range of problems associated with pneumonia, you can, only having had it. Very often, the scale and severity of the disease is underestimated, confusing it with an ordinary cold. Both bilateral and unilateral pneumonia are very dangerous diseases. Despite the fact that the signs of pneumonia have much in common with the symptoms of traditional ARI, SARS, colds, the course of these diseases differs drastically.

Causes and main symptoms of bilateral pneumonia

Pneumonia can be of two main types: one-sided and two-sided. Both forms of the disease pose a threat to the body and manifest themselves almost the same. On the description of the features of bilateral inflammation of the lungs, I want to stop in more detail to simplify its diagnosis.

The main cause of the emergence of bilateral pneumonia is the activity of microbes. Viruses and pathogens, in principle, live in almost all organisms, but strong healthy immunity restrains their development, and accordingly, prevents the appearance of the disease. Once a problem arises in the work of the immune system, the virus or bacteria will necessarily take advantage of it.

These factors can lead to weakening of immunity and bilateral pneumonia:

• disturbed rhythm of life;
• chronic lung diseases;
• frequent colds;
• allergy;
• severe hypothermia;
• hypovitaminosis.

Securing yourself from all of the above, you can easily avoid not only bilateral pneumonia, but also many other problems.

Characteristic for all types of bilateral pneumonia - and for the lower lobe, and for polysergmatic, and purulent, and for focal - are such symptoms:

1. The first sign of the disease is fever. The temperature can jump abruptly to forty degrees, while it is almost impossible to knock it down with febrifuge.
2. The disease is often accompanied by headaches.
3. Another characteristic symptom is the pain in the chest, which is especially acute in deep breaths. Thus the person feels weakness and a malaise because of the lowered pressure.
4. Some patients suffer from excessive sweating and shortness of breath.
5. Basically bilateral pneumonia manifests itself as a cough, with a purulent form of the disease in sputum, even small blood clots can be detected. Although with some types of pneumonia this symptom may be absent. So, for example, sometimes focal bilateral pneumonia is completely asymptomatic.
6. Sometimes with pneumonia on the face appear rashes, and the skin turns pale and takes a cyanotic shade.

Treatment of bilateral pneumonia

Inflammation of the lungs is a very serious illness, and therefore treatment should be appropriate. Unfortunately, it is impossible to overcome pneumonia without antibiotics. The duration of treatment, the composition of the medication complex and procedures is determined for each patient individually. The choice depends on the form of the disease and the state of health of the patient.

In general, the therapeutic complex includes potent drugs. In addition to antibiotics, it also includes:

• antihistamines;
• vitamins;
• anti-inflammatory drugs.

Very often the effect of drug treatment is supported by physiotherapy procedures.

It is not recommended to treat the inflammation of the lungs at home by yourself. It is important to understand that the consequences of bilateral pneumonia can be more than serious:

1. Infected organism is prone to infectious-toxic shock.
2. In some cases, negligence can lead to blood poisoning.
3. The most terrible consequence of the disease is death. Unfortunately, deaths are a frequent occurrence, because of pneumonia, patients die even today.

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Bilateral pneumonia: how it manifests, where and how to treat it

Pneumonia is not just an "inflammation of the lungs an incomprehensible and frightening term. This, first, switching off the gas section of the lung (that is, healthy departments will need to take on the function of the affected department, to ensure the normal supply of oxygen to organs and tissues), and secondly, it is the poisoning of the body by the products of destruction of the pulmonary tissue.

Two-sided pneumonia means that the foci of inflammation are in two lungs. That is, it is a dangerous condition: the remaining healthy departments can not always cope with the provision of oxygen to the organs. To understand how much the lungs have suffered, it is possible from the further terminology that stands after the word "bilateral". But first you need to remember that the right lung consists of three parts, the left one - of two. Each share consists of several segments.

So, there are such types:

- focal pneumonia: in the lung there is a small area of ​​inflammation;

- segmental pneumonia: one segment is affected;

- polysegmentary pneumonia: several segments are affected;

- share (she is also croupous) pneumonia: one share is involved.

Two-sided pneumonia rarely affects both lungs equally. So, in one organ it can be polysegmentary, in the other - focal. The larger the area of ​​those sites that are inflamed, the heavier the prognosis and the longer the treatment.

What causes bilateral pneumonia

It can be viruses, bacteria and fungi. Of the viruses - it is mainly an influenza virus (especially H1N1). Of bacteria such is characteristic of staphylococcus, pneumococcus, some other microorganisms.

How to suspect bilateral pneumonia

Classic signs of pneumonia: it is a frequent exhausting cough (wet, less often - dry), arising on the background (or simultaneously) of raising the body temperature to fairly high figures, weakness, loss appetite. Influenza pneumonia develops as follows: against a background of fever, pain in the bones, muscles, head, there is a cough. It is moist, can be accompanied by pain behind the sternum, coughing up bloody sputum.

In a bilateral process very early to the above symptoms, a feeling of lack of air is added, shortness of breath. If the inflammation seizes large areas, shortness of breath can be more than 40 breaths per minute, the skin of a person becomes pale, and the lips acquire a bluish tinge. These are very dangerous signs that require immediate calling of the "First Aid" and hospitalization.

There may also be a violation of consciousness or in the direction of its oppression (drowsiness up to the coma), or, conversely, in the direction of excitement.

How is bilateral pneumonia treated?

This variant of pneumonia is treated only in the hospital, often in the intensive care unit and resuscitation, which is equipped with devices for artificial ventilation and other necessary in these cases equipment.

1. Very powerful antibiotics are prescribed, which have a wide spectrum of action. Usually a combination of two or even three antibacterial drugs is used.
2. If there is a suspicion of an influenza virus, Tamiflu is prescribed.
3. Treatment of pneumonia in the hospital also includes providing oxygen support: with the help of a mask or nasal catheters, in severe cases the patient is anesthetized and transferred to a hardware breath.
4. Inhalation is conducted to ensure that sputum, and with it, and cells that have performed their function, do not stagnate in the lungs, but come out.
5. Anti-inflammatory drugs.
6. Medications to maintain normal cardiac activity, since bilateral pneumonia is a heavy burden on the heart.

What to do after pneumonia

If the X-ray indicates that the inflammation in the lungs decreases, it is important to continue that therapy that provides normal sputum drainage in the bronchi. After the inflammation, the cough may persist for a long time.

Treatment after pneumonia includes:

a) administration of inhalations;

b) taking expectorants (Lazolvan, Ambroxol);

c) receiving funds to strengthen immunity (tincture of Eleutherococcus, tincture of Echinacea, various herbal teas);

d) antihistamines ("Erius "Loratadin");

e) necessarily - breathing exercises: inflation of air balls, exhalation of air with force into the tube, lowered into water and so on.

After pneumonia, it is important to get enough sleep, eat with an increased amount of calories (and a high protein content), limit yourself to stress. After all, the body suffered such stress, he struggled with the disease and requires restoration.

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Consequences of pneumonia

Pneumonia is an inflammatory disease of the lungs, caused by bacteria and viruses. Getting into the human body, they contribute to the defeat of the bronchi, causing symptoms such as a wet cough, shortness of breath and wheezing in the chest. Pneumonia is considered quite a dangerous disease, the consequences of which can be unpredictable. Therefore, it is important to diagnose the disease in a timely manner and begin treatment.

As a rule, the emergence of the consequences of pneumonia depends quite heavily on the exact stage of the development of the disease, the therapeutic therapy was started. In the event that there was a small lesion, then there is an opportunity to get rid of the disease quickly enough and without manifestation of any consequences.

When diagnosing a patient with extensive pneumonia (total, bilateral), this ailment is dangerous for such serious complications such as asthma, pulmonary edema, respiratory disorders, lung abscess, pleurisy, chronic pain in thoracic region. Ultimately, due to the lack of oxygen in tissues, as well as in the cells of the body, pulmonary and then heart failure may develop.

Since pneumonia is an infectious disease, its untimely treatment can lead to infection of the blood. In addition, there are other possible consequences of such an ailment: gangrene, acute pulmonary heart, pericarditis, infectious-toxic shock, anemia, endocarditis, psychoses.

What are the symptoms of pneumonia?

The main symptoms of pneumonia are: painful manifestations against a background of high temperature; dyspnea, as with physical exertion, and at rest; presence of a strong cough with a phlegm. In addition, patients can feel unpleasant sensations, as well as pain in the thoracic area. As a rule, in patients with pneumonia, sweating, decreased performance, general weakness and malaise, sleep disturbance, rapid fatigue and decreased appetite are noted. When the patient listens to the inflammation focus, the doctor observes rales of a diverse nature. In elderly people, along with the above symptoms may be signs of general intoxication of the body.

How to treat pneumonia

Undoubtedly, the main treatment for pneumonia is the use of antibacterial drugs. In addition, the appointment of the drug with the necessary dosage should be performed only by the doctor based on the characteristics of the clinical picture of pneumonia, the age of the patient and the presence of concomitant diseases.

Modern medicine has a fairly broad list of antibiotics used to treat pneumonia: "Macropen "Summamed "Wilprafen "Amoxiclav "Augmentin "Cefazolin "Claforan". The average duration of such therapy is 10 days. When coughing, mandatory use of expectorants, diluting sputum is recommended. The most popular are such drugs as "Lazolvan "ATSTS "Bromgeksin." In the event that there was shortness of breath, it is advisable to use such inhalants as: "Berodual "Salbutamol". In severe pneumonia, immunomodulatory therapy is prescribed. For this, the following drugs are injected intravenously: "Octagam "Intraglobin "Polyoxidonium". In case of an increase in body temperature, the use of antipyretic agents is necessary.

KakProsto.ru

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