Prevention of ARVI

Prevention of acute respiratory viral infection and influenza in children

For many years, acute respiratory viral infections are one of the priority public health problems in the world. A high incidence of ARVI is typical for all age groups, but these diseases are most dangerous for children, because they have an extremely high risk of complications. Therefore, the prevention of ARVI in children is one of the most urgent tasks in pediatrics.

Susceptibility of children to pathogens of influenza and other acute respiratory infections is explained by their lack of immune memory about previous contacts with pathogens. In view of the immaturity of immunity, an adequate restoration of the body's defenses in recurring ARVI does not occur. Because of this, the disease often occurs in severe form and can result in the development of bronchopulmonary complications.

Proactive by limiting contacts

To prevent the occurrence of a child's flu or any other ARVI, it is necessary to limit as much as possible its contacts with carriers of infection. To do this, it is necessary to avoid the place of a large crowd of people, for example, public transport, polyclinics, pharmacies and large stores.

Parents should not take their child with them everywhere to protect him from unnecessary contacts. Instead of idle with the baby in lines, for example, in a drugstore, or to go in a crowded bus, it is better to walk with him on foot somewhere in the park.

Special measures in the period of the acute respiratory infections are also taken in children's institutions. So, the reception of new children in kindergartens is not carried out, transfer from one group to another is not carried out. Every day in the kindergarten, children are examined to identify children with signs of the disease. And also in a kindergarten it is recommended to irradiate all premises daily with the help of UV-lamps.

Wearing a mask, washing hands and nose

The mask will help only if it is worn on the patient from a person, and not on a healthy one. Therefore, if someone from the household gets sick with the flu, he should wear a mask, changing it every two hours. It will settle droplets of saliva, released during sneezing and coughing, which contain a particularly large number of viruses.

Touching your face with your hands during an epidemic of acute respiratory infections is not possible, regardless of whether they are washed or not. The child should wash his hands with soap as often as possible, and where there is no sink, you can use wet wipes. Parents should remember that many items, for example, money, can be a source of pathogenic microorganisms, and therefore, after contact with them, you should definitely wash your hands.

If someone from family members has a runny nose, coughing or sneezing, then he should use disposable handkerchiefs. If you do not have a handkerchief at hand, you can sneeze into the elbow to avoid the spread of infection.

Parents must teach the child to wash the nose. This simple procedure is considered very effective, because if you carry it out at least a couple of times a day, the pathogens of influenza and other varieties of ARVI can not hold in the nasal cavity. For washing it is necessary to collect warm water in the palm of your hand and draw it slowly with your nose, but not deep, and then blow your nose. After that, you need to wash and rinse your mouth with water.

Prevention through regular cleaning

Scientists find out that viral particles remain extremely active for a long time in rooms with warm, dry and immobile air. But they almost instantly break down in damp, cold and moving air. The most favorable for the child will be the air temperature in the room of about 20 degrees and humidity in the range of 50-70%.

Heating devices sufficiently dry the air, so in the winter it is very important to regularly ventilate the room and do a wet cleaning. To maintain a normal level of humidity, you can put in the room an aquarium and flower pots, as well as a special air humidifier. To include additional heaters it is not necessary, if to the kid it is cold, it is better to put on it more simply.

Prophylactic care for mucous membranes

In the upper respiratory tract area, mucus is constantly produced, which performs protective functions. If the mucous membranes and mucus begin to dry up, then the work of local immunity is disrupted, and the viruses easily penetrate the body.

Most often, the drying of mucus becomes too dry air in the premises. Dry mucous membranes and some medicines, for example, tavegil, suprastin or diphenhydramine. Therefore, never give a child medication, without consulting a pre-pediatrician.

To avoid dryness of mucous membranes, you can prepare a special moisturizing solution by mixing one liter of pure boiled water with one teaspoon of salt. Then you need to take a bottle with a nebulizer (for example, from a vasoconstrictor drug) and pour in the resulting solution, and then inject it into the nasal passages as often as possible. If there is no time for self-preparation of the moistening solution, you can buy already ready in the pharmacy (aqua maris, homer, saline, nosol, etc.).

Inoculations

Doctors are convinced that you need to get a flu shot if there are no contraindications to it. For the purpose of specific immunoprophylaxis, both live and inactivated vaccines can be used. It is necessary to go with the child to the polyclinic for 2-3 months before the epidemic begins.

It should be noted that in the world there are more than two hundred varieties of pathogens ARVI, so even a timely vaccination can sometimes prevent the development of the disease. Therefore, even after vaccination, other methods of prevention should be used.

Drugs for prevention

During the epidemic, especially if the child is in school or attending a kindergarten, various medications can be used after consultation with the doctor. For the purpose of prophylaxis, for example, Viferon, which is available in the form of rectal suppositories, gels and ointments, can be used. This drug has a pronounced antiviral, immunomodulatory and antiproliferative effect. One of the main advantages of this drug is the absence of side effects from its use.

Also for preventive purposes, an immunostimulating agent called Isoprinosine is used, which is available in the form of white biconvex oblong tablets. Prescribe this drug to children who often get sick in the autumn-winter period. It should be noted that the dosage of this and any other drug is always determined individually, depending on the age, weight and health of the child.

One of the most popular preventive agents is oxolin ointment, which has a virucidal effect. This ointment needs to lubricate the nasal passages a couple of times a day, while remembering that it can cause an unpleasant but short-lived burning sensation.

General prophylaxis

During the epidemic of ARVI, parents should take care of the child to eat fully, get enough sleep and rest. Useful walks in the fresh air, as well as swimming pool and charging. Good and helps and tempering, if the baby does not have contraindications to it.

It is recommended to take vitamins, first of all, A, C and group B. For children are suitable drugs such as Hexavit, Undevit and Revit. In the cold season, you can give your child a rose hip syrup, if the baby does not have allergies on it.

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Measures to prevent ARI and ARVI

The term acute respiratory diseases (ARD) refers to a whole group of different infectious diseases, which are accompanied by the defeat of the upper respiratory tract and are transmitted by airborne by way of. In the event that the disease has a viral etiology, it is called ARVI (acute respiratory viral infection).

The most common pathogens are parainfluenza viruses, influenza, adenovirus, rhinovirus and PC-infection. The only way to avoid the appearance of unpleasant symptoms is the prevention of ARI, which should be timely and comprehensive.

Strengthening immunity

It is proved that the disease of acute respiratory infections is most often found in people of senile and elderly age, in children, as well as in those who have reduced immunity. Experts identify several factors that contribute to reducing immune protection:

• negative emotions and stresses that cause an increase in blood levels of the hormone cortisol, which destroys immune cells;
• poor environmental conditions and temperature extremes;
• unbalanced, malnutrition, excessive interest in diets for weight loss;
• prolonged exposure to sunlight (the fact is that an excess of ultraviolet radiation provokes malfunctions in the functioning of the immune system);
• excessive physical activity, as well as lack of adequate sleep and rest.

In order to stimulate immunity, doctors sometimes prescribe special drugs, for example, containing Echinacea, as well as vitamin C. Immune cells are in great need of vitamins of group B, C, E and A, and also - in microelements (iron, zinc and selenium). If the body lacks these substances, then the division of immune cells gradually slows down and their activity decreases.

Vitamin C helps normalize the process of lipid peroxidation, helps strengthen the vascular wall, reducing its permeability, and also replenishes the deficiency in the body of ascorbic acid. This vitamin is also valuable because it is an antioxidant, stimulates the production of antibodies and leukocytes, and converts amino acids into biologically active forms of the protein. And it improves the production of endogenous interferon, thereby contributing to strengthening immunity and increasing the body's resistance to all kinds of infections.

A plant called Echinacea has long been known for its curative properties, because it has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal and antiviral effects. Since it contains many polysaccharides, it has immunostimulating activity.

It increases the number of leukocytes, stimulates the production of interferon (a specific protein that protects cells from penetrating into them viruses). Echinacea effectiveness is confirmed by numerous studies. Drugs that contain Echinacea include Immunal, Immunal plus C, Echinacea tincture, etc.

Antiviral drugs

Often the prevention of ARVI includes the use of antiviral drugs, which are divided into two groups:

• inhibitors of influenza neuraminidase (Zanamivir, Oseltamivir);
• adamantanes (Rimantadine, Amantadine).

True, some strains of influenza viruses to these medicines are stable. To prevent the development of ARI in children or adults, you can use antiviral drugs, but only on the advice of a doctor.

Vaccination

Vaccination is the most reliable prophylaxis, which has been successfully used for a long time. According to the research, vaccination reduces the incidence of influenza by 70% -90% among adults. Among elderly people, after vaccination, the risk of complications is reduced by almost 60%, and mortality - by 80%. But the vaccine has its own drawback, it's that it acts only on one type of virus, and if the cause of ARVI is another virus, then the vaccination will not help here.

Experts recommend to carry out vaccination:

• people over 60;
• those who live in homes for people with disabilities and in homes for the elderly;
• people who have chronic physical illnesses;
• children of preschool and school age, who often have ARI;
• health workers;
• those who are engaged in the service sector, in educational institutions and in transport;
• servicemen;
• children, whose age ranges from six months to two years.

For prevention, licensed anti-influenza vaccines are used, for example, Grippol. It should be noted that the prevention of ARI in children is carried out with the help of subunit and split vaccine. Before introducing a vaccine to the child, the doctor must consult and inspect the baby.

Timely prevention will save the child from ARD?

Careful parents who want to prevent the occurrence of ARI in children should, as far as possible, completely exclude their contact with the source of the infection. To do this, during the epidemic period, the following preventive measures are recommended:

• less use of public transport;
• limit the contact of the child;
• the wearing of protective masks by family members in the event that they have signs of ARVI;
• more to walk with the child in the fresh air, for example, in the park;
• careful observance of the rules of personal hygiene by children and adults.

In the kindergarten, in case of occurrence of a foci of ARI, the following preventive measures are carried out:

• a quarantine is introduced, which lasts 7 days from the date of the last case of the disease;
• the sanitary-epidemiological regime is strengthened;
• regularly wet cleaning and airing of premises;
• sick children should be immediately isolated so that the whole group does not become infected. For this, the educator should examine the child as soon as he was brought into the kindergarten, and if he is suspected of having an acute respiratory disease, measure the baby's temperature;
• contact persons need to inspect and conduct thermometry on a daily basis;
• is carried out in the focus and interferon-prevention.

Many parents are very interested in such a method of prevention as tempering, which increases the body's resistance to infections. When tempering, you do not need to expose children to extremely low temperatures, you only need to perform procedures systematically and use contrasting temperatures.

Zakalivanie is recommended to begin with the first weeks of life of the baby, it can be air baths during changing, and also gymnastics before bathing. Older children will benefit from swimming in the pool, as well as washing their feet with cool water and a contrast shower.

Doctors say that hardening is not able to fully protect the child from the danger of developing an ARVI. But in hardened children, ARI nevertheless develops less often, they have a much lower risk of complications and they recover faster. However, hardening is not recommended for all children, so before you begin any procedure, it is worth consulting with a pediatrician.

Food

People who do not want to get sick with ARVI also have a balanced diet. First of all, the diet should include foods rich in vitamin C, for example, oranges, berries, sweet peppers, cabbage, lemons, dogrose, sea buckthorn. It is useful to eat vegetable salads dressed with vegetable oil. But from sweet it is better to refuse or to reduce its quantity in the ration.

It is recommended to eat garlic and onions, because they destroy pathogenic bacteria. Also, the food should contain a sufficient number of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. To sit on diets during epidemics is not necessary, after all, it, most likely, also will lead to disease.

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What is needed to prevent ARVI and influenza?

Prevention of acute respiratory viral infection and influenza should be observed by everyone.

The virus epidemic usually overtakes us in the winter, but a person can catch viruses at any other time of the year. Everyone can get infected with ARVI and flu regardless of age, sex and physical condition. It is doubly unpleasant when a person picks up a virus in addition to another disease that worries him.Preventing colds and flu is easy enough, the main thing is not to forget about it.To avoid infection, you must follow simple preventive measures.

It is much more difficult to resist a mutant virus called "Swine Flu in case of infection with the virus of this disease, the situation becomes much more dangerous.

Distribution of influenza viruses

So, what does the prevention of ARVI include and how to protect yourself from the negative impact of viruses? The causative agents of catarrhal viral diseases are rather insidious: they are able to quickly penetrate into the human body and lead to unpleasant conditions.

Viral particles can get through unwashed hands, personal belongings of the infected. Microbes well get accustomed in air of the closed premise, some medicines in struggle against them appear inactive. Very often people become infected in public transport, where space is closed. The flu virus can be picked up anywhere: while in a store, office, at home, if someone from the family is sick.

The infected person should make every effort not to infect others. When the patient coughs and sneezes, the spread of viruses occurs over a sufficiently large distance: about 10 meters.

To resist infection in the air, you should wear a special protective mask: it will not protect against germs to the fullest, but will significantly reduce their number. Prevention and treatment should be conducted regardless of the severity of the disease. If two people are in the same room and one of them is infected, the mask should be worn not only for the patient, but also for the healthy, so you can protect yourself against the flu.

If this rule is not observed, more microbes are released into the environment, they get into the air not only through sneezing and cough, but also during breathing. To prevent germs from accumulating in the mask, it should be steamed with an iron every three hours. There are disposable dressings, they are usually not subjected to heat treatment, in this case they should be periodically changed.

Preventive measures in the fight against ARVI

Prevention of influenza and colds in children includes frequent hand washing. As is known, viruses penetrate the respiratory tract, microbes can settle on their hands, and if the child dabbles, poke hands in the nose and mouth, infection is possible. Frequent hand washing provides prevention of various intestinal viruses that can enter the body with food.

It is important to remember that influenza viruses do not fall through the hands, but through the respiratory system. To prevent influenza and colds, rinse your throat with warm boiled water or a weak soda solution. Prevention of acute respiratory infections includes the use of special ointments, drops in the nose.

Some means necessary for instillation into the nose are used quite often. In the nose, you can dig in special fat emulsions, which create a special film that can provide protection from viruses. The ineffectiveness of this method lies in the fact that malignant viruses penetrate not only through the nose, but also through the trachea, the mucous membrane of the throat, and also through the bronchi. To ensure the prevention of infection through the nose, you can use oxolin ointment.

Prevention of acute respiratory infections includes frequent airing of the room, wet cleaning. But such methods can be inactive if the patient is often present in the room. Airing is effective, but it is impossible to ventilate the room whenever the patient sneezes or coughs. The most effective method of prevention is the isolation of the infected. In order not to get infected, it is recommended not to contact the sick with the infected.

Ensure complete isolation from the widespread is almost impossible, because a person goes to work every day, sometimes in public places, and the probability of infection can be very high. As is known, in schools, kindergartens, quarantine is often declared. This is necessary in order to interrupt the chain of infection of children.

In order to protect themselves from viruses and reduce the possibility of infection, it is recommended to maintain an active, healthy image life, it is more likely to be out in the open air and eat well (your diet should be balanced and full-fledged). To increase the resistance of the body to a viral infection, it is recommended to stop smoking.

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Traditional medicine and vaccination

There are many folk remedies that help to protect against a viral disease. The most common method in the fight against the disease is using garlic. A certain product contains a reliable amount of phytoncides, which have - protection against viruses that penetrate the respiratory tract. Garlic kt pr very effective prodiocomocial viruses, honey its odor to others is frightening: hardly anyone dare to go to work, smeared with garlic, so this method of prevention can only be used in the home conditions.

Alternatively, you can use a bow that has the same properties as garlic. Its healing effect is also due to phytoncides.

Among the folk remedies of medicine, it is necessary to designate a serious one, which helps to improve blood circulation in the nose and throat, with its application self-protection of tissues improves. In winter, our body is experiencing a lack of vitamins: for the prevention of viral diseases It is necessary to take various multivitamin complexes, they will help to protect themselves from the flu for a long time time!

To ensure the prevention of viruses, you can resort to the method of vaccination. In this case, antibodies appear in the body, which will help protect against harmful viruses. The main feature of the method is that it should be applied several months before possible influenza epidemics, this is necessary in order that protective barriers can already be formed. In our country, vaccination against influenza is rarely used.

To date, there are quite a lot of drugs that allow to prevent the virus disease. The task of these drugs to work on the influenza virus and strengthen the protective properties of the body. Before using the medication, it is recommended that you consult with your doctor.

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It is important to remember that the prevention of viral diseases is a measure that must be observed throughout the year, and not just during a spate of epidemics. Increase the body's resistance will help you with regular exercise, active sports, proper nutrition and hardening. With the help of these measures, you will be able to resist not only the flu, but a host of other diseases!

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