Temperature at pneumonia in children

Pneumonia in a child - symptoms, treatment, causes

Inflammation of the lungs or pneumonia is one of the most common acute infectious and inflammatory diseases of a person. Moreover, the concept of pneumonia does not include various allergic and vascular lung diseases, bronchitis, and also impaired lung function, triggered by chemical or physical factors (injuries, chemical burns).

Especially often there are pneumonia in children, the symptoms and signs of which are reliably determined only on the basis of X-ray data and a general blood test. Pneumonia among all pulmonary pathologies in young children is almost 80%. Even with the introduction of advanced technologies in medicine - the discovery of antibiotics, improved methods of diagnosis and treatment - so far this disease is among the top ten most frequent causes of death. According to statistics in various regions of our country, the incidence of pneumonia in children is 0.4-1.7%.

When and why can a child develop pneumonia?

Lungs in the human body perform several important functions. The main function of the lungs is the gas exchange between the alveoli and the capillaries, which envelop them. Simply put, oxygen from the air in the alveolus is transported to the blood, and from the blood carbon dioxide enters the alveolus. They also regulate body temperature, regulate blood coagulability, are one of the filters in the body, promote purification, removal of toxins, decay products arising from various injuries, infectious inflammatory processes.

And if food poisoning, a burn, a fracture, surgical interventions, any serious injury or disease, there is a general decrease in immunity, it is easier to cope with the toxin filtration effort more easily. That is why very often after a child has suffered or is suffering from injuries or poisonings, pneumonia occurs.

The most common pathogens are pathogenic bacteria - pneumococci, streptococci and staphylococci, and recently cases of lung inflammation from such pathogens, legionella (usually after staying at airports with artificial ventilation), mycoplasma, chlamydia, which are not often mixed, associated.

Pneumonia in a child, as an independent disease that occurs after a serious, strong, prolonged hypothermia, it is extremely rare, as parents try not to allow such situations. As a rule, in most children, pneumonia occurs not as a primary disease, but as a complication after an acute respiratory viral infection or influenza, less often other diseases. Why is this happening?

Many of us believe that acute viral respiratory diseases in the last decades have become more aggressive, dangerous their complications. Perhaps this is due to the fact that both viruses and infections have become more resistant to antibiotics and antiviral drugs, so they are so hard for children and cause complications.

One of the factors contributing to the increase in the incidence of pneumonia in children in recent years has been the overall poor health of the growing generation - how many children are born with congenital pathologies, malformations, CNS lesions. Especially severe pneumonia occurs in premature or newborn babies, when the disease develops against the background of intrauterine infection with an insufficiently formed, not mature respiratory system.

In congenital pneumonia, the herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, mycoplasmas are not infrequently causative agents, and when infected with childbirth - chlamydia, group B Streptococcus, conditionally pathogenic fungi, E. coli, Klebsiella, anaerobic flora, when infected with hospital infections, pneumonia begins on day 6 or 2 weeks after birth.

Naturally, pneumonia often happens in cold weather, when the organism is subjected to seasonal adjustment from heat to cold and vice versa, there are overloads for immunity, at this time there is a lack of natural vitamins in foods, temperature changes, damp, frosty, windy weather contribute to children's hypothermia and their infection.

In addition, if a child suffers from any chronic diseases - tonsillitis, adenoids in children, sinusitis, dystrophy, rickets (see. rickets in infants), cardiovascular disease, any severe chronic pathologies, such as congenital central lesions nervous system, malformations, immunodeficiency states - significantly increase the risk of developing pneumonia, aggravate its course.

The severity of the disease depends on:

• Extensibility of the process (focal, focal, draining, segmental, lobar, interstitial pneumonia).
• The child's age, the younger the baby, the narrower the airways, the less intense gas exchange in the child's body and the heavier the course of pneumonia.
• Places where and for what reason there was a pneumonia:
  - community-acquired: most often have an easier flow
  - hospital: more severe, because it is possible to infect bacteria resistant to antibiotics
  - Aspiration: when inhaled foreign objects, mixture or milk.
• The most important role in this is played by the general health of the child, that is, his immunity.

Improper treatment of influenza and ARVI can lead to pneumonia in the child

When a child falls ill with an ordinary cold, SARS, influenza - the inflammatory process is localized only in the nasopharynx, trachea and larynx. With a weak immune response, and also if the causative agent is very active and aggressive, and the treatment in the child is done incorrectly, the process of reproduction of bacteria descends from the upper respiratory tract to the bronchi, then bronchitis may occur. Further, the inflammation can affect the lung tissue, causing pneumonia.

What happens in the body of a child in a viral disease? The majority of adults and children in the nasopharynx always have various opportunistic microorganisms - streptococci, staphylococci, without causing harm to health, because local immunity inhibits their growth.

However, any acute respiratory disease leads to their active reproduction and with the correct action of the parents during the illness of the child, immunity does not allow their intensive growth.

What should not be done during ARVI in the child, so as not to cause complications:

• You can not use antitussives. Coughing is a natural reflex that helps the body to clear the trachea, bronchi and lungs from mucus, bacteria, toxins. If, for the purpose of reducing the intensity of dry cough, to use the antitussive drugs that affect the cough center in the brain, such as Stoptusin, Broncholitin, Libexin, Paxeladin, then sputum and bacteria may accumulate in the lower respiratory tract, which ultimately leads to pneumonia.
• It is not possible to conduct any preventive therapy with antibiotics for colds, with a viral infection (see. antibiotics for colds). Against the virus, antibiotics are powerless, and with opportunistic bacteria immunity should cope, and only when complications arise according to the doctor's appointment is shown their use.
• The same applies to the use of various nasal vasoconstrictors, their use contributes to a faster penetration virus in the lower respiratory tract, so galazolin, Naphthysine, Sanorin used in viral infection is not safe.
• Abundant drink - one of the most effective methods of removing intoxication, dilution of sputum and rapid cleansing of respiratory There are plenty of ways to drink, even if the child refuses to drink, parents should be very persistent. If you do not insist that your child drink enough fluids, in addition, the room will have dry air - it will be promote drying of the mucosa, which can lead to a longer course of the disease or complication - bronchitis or pneumonia.
• Permanent ventilation, lack of carpets and carpeting, daily wet cleaning of the room in which the child is, moisturizing and cleaning the air with a humidifier and air cleaner will help to quickly cope with the virus and prevent the development of pneumonia. As clean, cool, moist air helps to dissolve sputum, quickly remove toxins with sweat, cough, wet breath, which allows the child to recover faster.

Acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis - differences from pneumonia

With SARS usually the following symptoms:

• High temperature in the first 2-3 days of the disease (see Fig. antipyretics for children)
• Headache, chills, intoxication, weakness
• Qatar upper respiratory tract, runny nose, cough, sneezing, sore throat (it does not always happen).

In acute bronchitis with Orvy, the following symptoms may occur:

• Minor increase in body temperature, usually up to 38C.
• First the cough is dry, then it becomes wet, there is no shortness of breath, unlike pneumonia.
• Breathing becomes hard, on different sides there are variously scattered rales that change or disappear after coughing.
• On the roentgenogram, the intensification of the pulmonary pattern is determined, the structure of the roots of the lungs decreases.
• There are no local changes in the lungs.

Bronchiolitis occurs most often in children up to a year:

• The difference between bronchiolitis and pneumonia can be determined only by X-ray examination, based on the absence of local changes in the lungs. According to the clinical picture, the acute symptoms of intoxication and the increase in respiratory insufficiency, the appearance of dyspnoea - very much resemble pneumonia.
• With bronchiolitis, the breathing in a child is weakened, shortness of breath with the help of an auxiliary musculature, nasolabial triangle to become a bluish shade, a general cyanosis, a pronounced pulmonary-cardiac insufficiency, is possible. When listening to a boxed sound is detected, the mass of scattered small bubbling rales.

Signs of pneumonia in the child

With a high activity of the causative agent of the infection, or with a weak immune response of the body to it, when even the most effective preventive medical measures do not stop the inflammatory the process and the condition of the child deteriorates, the parents can for some symptoms guess that the child needs more serious treatment and urgent examination of the doctor. In this case, in no case should not begin treatment by any popular method. If it really is pneumonia, it will not only not help, but the condition may worsen and time for adequate examination and treatment will be missed.

Symptoms of pneumonia in a child 2 - 3 years and older

How to identify attentive parents with a cold or viral illness that it is necessary to urgently call a doctor and suspect a pneumonia in the child? Symptoms that require an X-ray diagnosis:

• After Orvi, influenza within 3-5 days there is no improvement or after a slight improvement again there is a temperature jump and increased intoxication, coughing.
• Lack of appetite, sluggishness of the child, sleep disturbance, capriciousness persist within a week after the onset of the illness.
• The main symptom of the disease remains a strong cough.
• The body temperature is not high, but the baby has shortness of breath. At the same time, the number of breaths per minute in a child increases, the rate of breaths per minute in children aged 1-3 years is 25-30 breaths, in children 4-6 years - a rate of 25 breaths per minute, if the child is in a relaxed calm state. With pneumonia, the number of breaths becomes larger than these figures.
• With the other symptoms of a viral infection - cough, temperature, cold, severe pallor of the skin is observed.
• If the temperature is high for more than 4 days and antipyretic agents such as Paracetamol, Efferalgan, Panadol, Tylenol are not effective.

Symptoms of pneumonia in infants, children under one year of age

The onset of the disease can be noticed by the mom by changing the behavior of the baby. If a child constantly wants to sleep, become listless, apathetic or vice versa, he is a lot naughty, cries, refuses from food, with a slight increase in temperature - mom should immediately contact the pediatrician.

Body temperature

In the first year of life, pneumonia in a child, a symptom of which is considered to be a high, not knocked down temperature, differs in that at this age it is not high, does not reach 37.5 or even 37.1-37.3. The temperature is not an indication of the severity of the state.

The first symptoms of pneumonia in an infant

This causeless anxiety, lethargy, decreased appetite, the baby refuses the breast, the sleep becomes restless, short, appears a loose stool, there may be vomiting or regurgitation, a runny nose and paroxysmal cough that increases during crying or feeding the baby.

Child's breathing

Pain in the chest with breathing and coughing.
Sputum - with a damp cough, purulent or mucopurulent sputum (yellow or green) is secreted.
Shortness of breath or an increase in the number of respiratory movements in young children is a clear sign of pneumonia in a child. Dyspnoea in babies can be accompanied by nodding to the breath, as well as the baby blows his cheeks and extends his lips, sometimes there are foamy discharge from the mouth and nose. The symptom of pneumonia is considered to be the excess of the number of breaths per minute:

• In children up to 2 months - the norm is up to 50 breaths per minute, more than 60 is considered a high frequency.
• In children, after 2 months to a year, the norm is 25-40 breaths, if 50 or more, this is an excess of the norm.
• In children older than one year, the number of breaths more than 40 is considered a shortness of breath.

The skin relief during breathing changes. Attentive parents can also notice the retraction of the skin during breathing, more often on one side of the patient's lung. To notice this, it is necessary to undress the baby and observe the skin between the ribs, it retracts when breathing.

With extensive lesions, there may be a lag of one side of the lung with deep breathing. Sometimes you can notice periodic stopping of breathing, disturbance of rhythm, depth, breathing frequency and the child's desire to lie on one side.

Cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle

This is the most important symptom of pneumonia, when the blue skin appears between the lips and the spout of the baby. Especially this sign is pronounced when the child sucks the breast. With severe respiratory failure, a slight blueing can be not only on the face, but also on the body.

Chlamydia, mycoplasmal pneumonia in children

Among the pneumonias, the causative agents of which are not banal bacteria, but various atypical representatives secrete mycoplasmal and chlamydial pneumonia. In children, the symptoms of such pneumonia are slightly different from the course of the usual pneumonia. Sometimes they are characterized by a hidden sluggish current. Symptoms of SARS in a child can be as follows:

• The onset of the disease is characterized by a sharp rise in body temperature to 39.5C, then a stable low-grade fever -37.2-37.5 is formed or even a temperature normalization occurs.
• It is also possible the onset of the disease with the usual signs of ARVI - sneezing, choking in the throat, a bad cold.
• Persistent dry debilitating cough, shortness of breath may not be permanent. Such a cough usually occurs with acute bronchitis, and not pneumonia, which complicates the diagnosis.
• When listening to a doctor, scanty data are usually presented: rare variegated rattles, pulmonary percussion sound. Therefore, according to the nature of wheezing, it is difficult for a doctor to determine atypical pneumonia, since there are no traditional signs, which greatly complicates the diagnosis.
• In the analysis of blood in atypical pneumonia there may be no significant changes. But usually there is increased ESR, neutrophilic leukocytosis, a combination with anemia, leukopenia, eosinophilia.
• On the x-ray of the chest reveals a pronounced enhancement of the pulmonary pattern, non-uniform focal infiltration of the pulmonary fields.
• Both chlamydia and mycoplasma have a feature that exists for a long time in the epithelial cells of the bronchi and lungs, therefore, pneumonia usually has a prolonged recurrent character.
• Treatment of atypical pneumonia in the child is carried out by macrolides (azithromycin, josamycin, clarithromycin), since the causative agents to them are the most sensitive (to tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, too, but they are contraindicated for children).

Indications for hospitalization

The decision on where to treat a child with pneumonia - in a hospital or at home, the doctor takes, while he takes into account several factors:

• The severity of the condition and the presence of complications - respiratory failure, pleurisy, acute disorders of consciousness, cardiac insufficiency, falling blood pressure, lung abscess, pleural empyema, infectious-toxic shock, sepsis.
• The defeat of several lobes of the lung. Treatment of focal pneumonia in the child at home is entirely possible, but with croupous pneumonia treatment is best done in a hospital.
• Social indications are poor living conditions, inability to perform care and doctor's prescriptions.
• Age of the child - if the infant is sick, this is the reason for hospitalization, because the pneumonia of the baby is a serious threat to life. If pneumonia develops in a child under 3 years of age, treatment depends on the severity of the condition and most often doctors insist on hospitalization. Older children can be treated at home provided that the pneumonia is not severe.
• General health - in the presence of chronic diseases, weakened overall health of the child, regardless of age, the doctor may insist on hospitalization.

Treatment of pneumonia in children

How to treat pneumonia in children? The basis of therapy for pneumonia is antibiotics. At a time when there were no antibiotics in the arsenal of doctors for bronchitis and pneumonia, a very frequent cause of death of adults and children was pneumonia, therefore, in no case can not refuse to use them, no folk remedies for pneumonia are effective. From the parents it is required to strictly follow all the doctor's recommendations, the proper care of the child, the observance of the drinking regime, nutrition:

• Admission of antibiotics must be carried out strictly in time, if the appointment of the drug 2 times in day, this means that there should be a break between meals at 12 o'clock, if 3 times a day, then a break of 8 hours (see. 11 rules how to take antibiotics correctly). Antibiotics are prescribed - penicillins, cephalosporins for 7 days, macrolides (azithromycin, josamycin, clarithromycin) - 5 days. The effectiveness of the drug is estimated within 72 hours - an improvement in appetite, a decrease in temperature, dyspnea.
• Antipyretics are used if the temperature is above 39C, in infants above 38C. Initially, antibiotic treatment of antipyretics is not prescribed, as the evaluation of the effectiveness of therapy is difficult. It should be remembered that during a high temperature in the body produces the maximum number of antibodies against the causative agent of the disease, so if the child can tolerate the temperature of 38C, it is better not to knock it down. So the body quickly cope with the microbe that caused pneumonia in the baby. If the child had at least one episode of febrile seizures, the temperature should be knocked down already at 37.5C.
• Nutrition of the child with pneumonia - lack of appetite in children during illness is considered natural and the child's refusal to admit food is explained by the increased burden on the liver when fighting infection, so you can not force a child to feed. If possible, prepare light food for the patient, exclude any ready-made chemical products, fried and fatty, try to feed the child simple, easily digestible food - cereals, soups on a weak broth, steamed cutlets from low-fat meat, boiled potatoes, various vegetables, fruits.
• Oral hydration - in water, natural freshly diluted juices - carrot, apple, slightly boiled tea with raspberries, rose hips infusion, water-electrolyte solutions (Regidron and others) are added.
• Airing, daily wet cleaning, use of air humidifiers - ease the condition of the baby, and the love and care of parents works wonders.
• No restorative (synthetic vitamins), antihistamines, immunomodulating agents are not used, as often lead to side effects and do not improve the course and outcome of pneumonia.

Reception of antibiotics for pneumonia in a child (uncomplicated) usually does not exceed 7 days (macrolides 5 days), and if bed rest is observed, follow all recommendations doctor, in the absence of complications, the child quickly recovers, but for a month there will still be residual effects in the form of a cough, minor weakness. With atypical pneumonia, treatment can be delayed.

In the treatment of antibiotics in the body, the intestinal microflora is broken, so the doctor prescribes probiotics - RioFlora Immuno, Acipol, Bifiform, Bifidumbacterin, Normobakt, Lactobacterin. Analogues of Linex - a list of all probiotics). To remove toxins after the end of therapy, the doctor can prescribe sorbents, such as Polysorb, Enterosgel, Filtrum.

With the effectiveness of treatment for general regimen and walks, it is possible to transfer the child from the 6th to the 10th day of the disease, the hardening to resume after 2-3 weeks. With a mild pneumonia, large physical exertion (sport) is allowed after 6 weeks, with complicated after 12 weeks.

zdravotvet.ru

Symptoms of pneumonia in children

Pneumonia in a child is an acute infectious disease that occurs with inflammation of the respiratory parts of the lungs. The disease is accompanied by the accumulation of inflammatory fluid in the pulmonary vesicles-alveoli. Symptoms of pneumonia in children are similar to those in adults, but are supplemented by severe fever and intoxication.

The term "acute pneumonia in children" is out of use in medicine, because the very definition of the disease includes a characterization of an acute process. The International Council of Scientists-Experts decided to divide pneumonia into groups according to other signs that determine the outcome of the disease.

How dangerous is pneumonia?

Despite the progress in medicine, the incidence of lung inflammation in children remains high. Pneumonia is a life-threatening, life-threatening condition. Infant mortality from pneumonia remains high enough. In the Russian Federation, pneumonia> up to , 00 children dies within a year. Basically, this terrible number unites infants who died from pneumonia in the age of 1 year.

The main causes of the fatal outcome of pneumonia in children:

• Later, parents applied for medical help.
• Later, the diagnosis and delay of the correct treatment.
• Presence of concomitant chronic diseases that worsen the prognosis.

In order to timely establish an accurate diagnosis and take measures to treat a dangerous disease, you need to know its external signs - symptoms.

The main symptoms of pneumonia in children:

• Fever - increase in body temperature to high digits (> 38 ° C).
• Dyspnoea - increased frequency of respiration more than 40 per minute (in children 1-6 years).
• Cough dry or with phlegm.
• Appearance of cyanotic coloring of the skin of the lips, nasolabial area, fingertips.
• Changes in respiratory noise in the lungs during listening (wheezing, hard breathing).
• Intoxication, expressed general weakness, refusal to eat.

The increase in body temperature in a child is the first symptom of many diseases, for example, a common viral infection (ARI). In order to recognize pneumonia, we must remember: an important role is played not by the height of the fever, but by its duration. For microbial inflammation of the lungs it is characteristic continuation of fever for more than 3 days against the background of competent treatment of a viral infection.

If we evaluate the significance of the symptoms for the diagnosis of pneumonia in children, the most terrible sign will be the appearance of dyspnea. Shortness of breath and tension of additional muscles are more important signs than having wheezing when listening to the chest.

Cough is a symptom of pneumonia in children. In the early days of the disease, cough can be dry. With the resolution of acute inflammation of the lung tissue, the cough will become productive, moist.

If a child with a respiratory viral infection (ARI) has similar symptoms, an urgent call for a doctor is necessary. Underestimation of the severity of the baby's condition can lead to sad consequences - the development of acute respiratory failure and death from pneumonia.

The doctor will examine the small patient, prescribe an examination and an effective treatment. Listening to the lungs in the early days of the disease may not reveal characteristic signs of inflammation. The presence of disseminated wheezing when listening is often a symptom of bronchitis. To clarify the diagnosis for suspected pneumonia, an X-ray of the lungs is necessary. X-ray symptoms of pneumonia are darkening (infiltration) of pulmonary fields, which confirms the diagnosis.

Laboratory Symptoms of Pneumonia

Valuable information about the fact of inflammation in the body carries a general blood test. Signs that increase the presence of pneumonia: a high content of white blood cells in 1 cu. mm blood (more than 15 thousand) and an increase in ESR. ESR is the sedimentation rate of red blood cells. This analysis reflects the amount of inflammatory metabolic products in the liquid part of the blood. The magnitude of ESR shows the intensity of any inflammation processes, including inflammation of the lungs.

How to determine the risk of a child with pneumonia?

The following factors are identified that increase the risk of lung inflammation in children:

• Delayed physical and mental development of the child.
• Low weight of a newborn baby.
• Artificial feeding of a baby under the age of 1 year.
• Refusal of vaccination against measles.
• Pollution of air (passive smoking).
• Overcrowded dwelling, where the baby lives.
• Smoking of parents, including mother's smoking during pregnancy.
• Lack of microelement of zinc in the diet.
• Mother's inability to care for an infant.
• Presence of concomitant diseases (bronchial asthma, heart disease or digestive system).

What forms can the disease have?

Pneumonia in children is different for reasons and mechanism of occurrence. The disease can affect the entire lobe of the lung - this is a shared pneumonia. If the inflammation occupies a part of the lobe (segment) or several segments, it is called segmental (polysegmental) pneumonia. If the inflammation is covered by a small group of pulmonary vesicles, this variant of the disease will be called "focal pneumonia".

In inflammation, passed to the respiratory tissue of the bronchi, the disease is sometimes called bronchopneumonia. The process, caused by viruses or intracellular parasites such as chlamydia, is manifested by swelling (infiltration) of the perivascular tissue of the lungs from both sides. This type of disease was called "bilateral interstitial pneumonia." These symptoms of difference can be determined by medical examination and X-ray examination of sick children.

Inflammation of the lungs in children doctors are divided according to the conditions of origin for domestic (out-of-hospital) and hospital (hospital). Separate forms are intrauterine pneumonia in newborns and pneumonia with a pronounced lack of immunity. Community-acquired (home) pneumonia is called inflammation of the lungs, which has arisen in ordinary home conditions. Hospital (nosocomial) pneumonia is a case of illness that occurs after 2 or more days of the child's stay in the hospital for another reason (or within 2 days after discharge from there).

Mechanism of the development of pneumonia

The entry of a microbial pathogens into the respiratory tract can occur in several ways: inhalation, swallowing of nasopharyngeal mucus, dissemination through the blood. This way of introducing a pathogenic microbe depends on its kind.

The most frequent causative agent of the disease is pneumococcus. The microbe enters the lower parts of the lungs by inhaling or swelling of mucus from the nasopharynx. Intracellular parasites, such as mycoplasma, chlamydia and legionella, enter the lungs by inhalation. The spread of infection through the blood is most typical for infection with Staphylococcus aureus.

The type of causative agent that causes pneumonia in children depends on several factors: the age of the child, the place of origin of the disease, and also from the previous treatment with antibiotics. If within 2 months before the present episode the baby has already taken antibiotics, then the causative agent of the current inflammation of the respiratory tract can be atypical. In 30-50% of cases, community-acquired pneumonia in children can be caused by several types of microbes at the same time.

General rules for the treatment of pneumonia in children

Treatment of the disease the doctor begins with the immediate appointment of antimicrobials to any patient with suspected inflammation of the lungs. The place of treatment is determined by the severity of the manifestation of symptoms.

Sometimes with a mild course of the disease in children of older age groups, treatment at home is possible. The decision on the place of treatment is made by the doctor, according to the patient's condition.

Indications for treatment in a hospital of children with pneumonia are: severity of symptoms and a high risk of an unfavorable outcome of the disease:

• The age of the child is less than 2 months, regardless of the severity of the symptoms.
• The age of the baby is younger than 3 years with lobar pneumonia.
• Inflammation of several lobes in a child of any age.
• Severe concomitant diseases of the nervous system.
• Pneumonia of newborns (intrauterine infection).
• The small weight of the baby, the delay of its development in comparison with peers.
• Congenital malformations of organs.
• Chronic concomitant diseases (bronchial asthma, heart disease, lung, kidney, cancer).
• Patients with decreased immunity from various causes.
• Impossibility of careful care and accurate performance of all medical appointments at home.

Indications for the urgent placement of a child with pneumonia, in the department of children's intensive care:

• Increases in the number of breaths> 60 in 1 min for babies under the age of one year, and for children older than the year, dyspnea> 50 per 1 min.
• The retraction of the intercostal spaces and the jugular fossa (fossa at the beginning of the sternum) with respiratory movements.
• Moaning breathing and violation of the right rhythm of breathing.
• Fever that does not respond to treatment.
• Violation of the child's consciousness, the appearance of convulsions or hallucinations.

In uncomplicated course of the disease, body temperature decreases within the first 3 days after initiation of treatment with antibiotics. External symptoms of the disease gradually decrease in intensity. X-ray signs of recovery can be seen in the pictures of the lungs no earlier than 21 days after the start of antibiotic treatment.

In addition to antimicrobial treatment, the patient must comply with bed rest, plenty of drinking. Expectorants are prescribed if necessary.

Prevention of pneumonia

Protection from respiratory viral infection plays an important role in preventing the incidence of pneumonia.

It is possible to carry out vaccination against the main pathogens of pneumonia in children: a hemophilic rod and pneumococcus. At present, safe and effective vaccine-tablets are developed against microbes that cause pneumonia and bronchitis. Preparations from this class "Bronchovax" and "Ribomunil" have a children's dosage. They are appointed by the doctor to prevent such a dangerous disease as pneumonia.

ingalin.ru

When Pneumonia is always high fever and a strong cough?

Answers:

Charismatic Charm

The temperature is exactly high.
It should be borne in mind that the first signs of pneumonia in adults may differ in the clinical picture from the signs of pneumonia in children.

The first signs of pneumonia in adults are:

- Shortness of breath;

- chest pain;

- slight increase in temperature;

- moist cough;

- weakness;

- increased sweating.

An important role in establishing a correct diagnosis is played by an anamnesis. It should be borne in mind that if the above symptoms have occurred in the middle of a catarrhal disease, or soon after curing, you might think that these are the first signs of pneumonia.

Very often pneumonia can manifest as a sudden deterioration in the condition with a minor cold or SARS of small severity. Usually it occurs five, seven days after the onset of a cold.

The first signs of pneumonia in a child
Identify the first signs of pneumonia in a child is not as simple as it seems at first glance. Unlike an adult, a child can not adequately assess his condition and the degree of pain syndrome that he feels. Also, when collecting anamnesis in children, it is difficult to identify the beginning of pathogenesis in them. That is, it is very difficult to establish whether the child has recently experienced malaise, chills, or headaches.

The first signs of pneumonia in a child most often come down to the fact that:

- with a cold after five days, the temperature begins to rise sharply;

- a protracted moist cough appears;

- sweating is increased;

- the child has tearfulness and weakness;

- the child tries to lie only on one side;

- the child refuses to eat;

- the child has rapid, shallow breathing;

- when breathing in the child, one half of the chest lags behind in the process of breathing.

This and many other signs of pneumonia in a child should alert the parents. This should serve as an excuse for urgent medical attention. If your child has pneumonia, you have the right to require admission to a special pulmonology department.

Pneumonia in children is a terrible disease, which when a child is young can lead to his death.

Aviator

no, there have been cases that without the temperature

Svetlana

sometimes not ....

Alexander N

Not always. And the temperature can be low 37.2-37.5
And cough can be mild, especially in the beginning.

alexander nesterenko

the temperature can be 37 cents

Decembrinum

my temperature was only three days. and there was no coughing at all ...

Kristina Artemova

No not always. 2 months ago was right-sided pneumonia, the temperature 36.8 above did not rise, the cough was dry and rare. It seems to be no signs, only this rare cough lasted a month and did not pass, took a picture.. . pneumonia (((

Vero

not always. if you believe our doctors, I had it 4 times. there were always other signs of perspiration - controversial

Olesya Fedorova

we had pneumonia in 4 months. the doctor mixed up with a cold. then put in a hospital. the temperature was not at all. only rattled.

- E L C A -

Yes you do not have pneumonia! do not bother yourself

I do not understand one thing, that you do not go to another specialist?
paid clinics you probably have a shaft! go to at least two.
Although I can say from PERSONAL EXPERIENCE that everything is all right with you! the doctor listened, repeatedly to the child lungs!
and then, without treatment, I think that pneumonia had already had complications for a long time, the baby was something serious, it would have been long since exacerbated and got out.
We repeatedly had such an incomprehensible temperature, without symptoms, then passed. But I was always observed and paid and free doctors of their children.

What are the signs of pneumonia?

Answers:

Elena Vasilyeva

1. Cough became the main symptom of the disease.
2. Deterioration after improvement or any "catarrhal disease" lasting more than 7 days.
3. It is impossible to take a deep breath - such an attempt leads to a fit of coughing.
4. The expressed pallor of a skin on a background of other signs ORVI (temperature, a rhinitis, tussis).
5. Shortness of breath at a low body temperature.
6. At high temperature, paracetamol (panadol, epheralgan, tylenol) does not help at all.

I want to emphasize that the knowledge of the 6 mentioned characteristics is not necessary in order to make a diagnosis, but in order not to be drawn with seeking medical help.

Luke

These are the black areas in the photo of the fluorography :))))

Dr. Watson

high fever, cough, go better to the doctor and do not look around

Ksenia Amvrosina

• Cough.
Usually cough is accompanied by any respiratory (catarrhal) disease, with the child coughing more at night and in the morning. The cough is more often dry, it lasts for 7-10 days. With pneumonia, cough is almost constant, nasal, with sputum (young children often swallow it). Can be a rusty shade in older children.
• Rapid breathing, when at rest the respiratory rate is higher than the norm: - up to 2 months. - it's 60 or more respiratory movements (counting or inhaling or exhaling);
- from 2 months. up to 12 months. - it is 50 and more respiratory movements;
- from 12 months. up to 5 years is 40 or more respiratory movements.
• Appearance of a difficult, sometimes moaning breathing with visible retraction of the subcostal or supraclavicular parts of the thorax. The child, as it were, "turns on" all the muscles of the chest to facilitate breathing.
• Cyanotic shade around the mouth, sometimes the face.
• Toddlers - swelling of the wings of the nose.
• Increase in temperature to high figures with chills, sometimes sweating.
• Pain in the chest if lung inflammation passes to the pleura.
• Pain in the abdomen, with inflammation of the lower parts of the lungs (sometimes mistakenly refer to surgical care).
• Headache with irritation of the membranes of the brain. Older children complain of severe pain in the chest and abdomen, which is caused by muscle re-contractions due to persistent, painful cough. Children may have general weakness, lethargy, deterioration of appetite, sometimes refusal of food, sometimes confusion, vomiting, etc. Special caution is necessary if pneumonia affects the children of the first months (the first year) of life. The smaller the baby, the less obvious signs: there is no temperature, a typical cough. However, it is necessary to pay attention to the general condition of the child, who may have the following symptoms of pneumonia:
- Pronounced lethargy, even immobility.
- Noticeable swelling of the wings of the nose with a blue around the nose and lips.
- '' Grunting '' breathing with entanglements.
These are very dangerous signs of pneumonia and need immediate treatment in the hospital.

William

Signs of pneumonia in the child
The clinical sign of a number of forms of pneumonia in a child is its acute onset. The period of catarrhal phenomena preceding pneumonia does not last long.

The acute onset is accompanied by high fever (up to 40-41 C), dry cough, sometimes with brown sputum. Somewhat later, in the lungs (in the focus of inflammation), damp rales are heard. Percutary tone with a boxed tint. Breathing is quickened. Wet rales are small and crepitating. Heart tones are frequent, muffled, sometimes arrhythmic. The liver is enlarged by 2-3 cm, soft by palpation.

When the form of pneumonia is toxic, the child suffers from a nervous system (the patient reacts weakly to the environment, and sometimes it is restless, crying at it causes sharp strengthening of a cough during which cyanosis is amplified). In more severe pneumonia, asthmatic status may develop.

If untimely treatment of pneumonia in a child can be complicated by exudative pleurisy.

Blood is characterized by leukocytosis, increased ESR.

Treatment is carried out in a hospital under the supervision of a doctor.

Slavs

By the way, at a pneumonia of temperature can and not be.

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