Myopia: symptomatology and treatment of the disease

Myopia is currently the most common cause of vision impairment. At the same time, people of almost any age are affected. The most common assistant here are glasses or contact lenses and not all people know that the myopia of the eye is treated. But in order to decide on treatment, it is necessary to know what is myopia and what complications are possible.

Definition of disease

Nearsightedness (myopia) is a disease in which a person can clearly see objects close to him and vague - distant.This pathology is characterized by focusing the image before the retina of the eye, and not on it as a healthy person.

At present, according to statistics, about twenty to thirty percent of the population suffers from myopia. Its appearance and development is most often diagnosed in adolescence, and the disease itself can progress to the end of life. However, there are cases of congenital pathology. In this case, its presence is due to intrauterine damages and problems in the development of the fetus.

In order to slow the process of deterioration of vision, it is necessary to begin treatment immediately after diagnosis.

Causes

Most often myopia develops for the following reasons:

• Hereditary predisposition;
• Pathology of the organs of vision;
• Lack of vitamins, minerals in the body;
• Constant eye strain;
• General deterioration of health.

The lack of proper treatment and any intervention in the early stages of myopia can cause the disease to progress rapidly and give complications.

Symptoms

Most often, myopia is diagnosed already during school days during physical examinations.Patients have a drop in visual acuity, as well as an inability to see small details and letters on the board in the distance.Thus the initial stages of myopia pass practically without any signs.

Possible complications

As a rule, myopia progresses to 20-30 years.In case of neglect of the disease (no spectacle or contact correction was performed), the following visual deviations may develop in patients:

1. Retinal detachment leading to loss of vision.The retina itself is thinned, which leads to deformation of the eyeball (its elongation). In connection with the deviation, the load on the visual organ changes and the retinal destruction first develops, and after its detachment. This disease threatens to completely lose sight.
2. Glaucoma.All for the same reason of changing loads, intraocular pressure increases. The latter threatens the development of a variety of diseases, including atrophy of the optic nerve.
3. Cataract. This disease can be considered a consequence of the lack of treatment for glaucoma, when the outflow of liquids to the lens is disturbed, it deforms, changes color and loses its refractive ability. It is treated exclusively surgically by implantation of an artificial lens.

There are no age restrictions for the development of complications. PIn addition, degeneration of the retina can also develop after surgical treatment of myopia (laser correction). This is due to the fact that at the last stage of myopia an irreversible process of deformation of the eyeball has already occurred.

Complications are manifested exclusively at the last stage of the progression of pathology.

Treatment

Most often, glasses and contact lenses are used to correct vision.However, there are more radical and effective ways to improve the patient's ability to see well.

Methods of diagnosis:

-Visometry - definition of visual acuity

- A table for testing eyesight in children

- Perimetry - definition of visual fields

- Color perception test

Perimetry for the detection of nearsightedness

For the treatment of myopia at any stage, no effective medicines have been invented at the moment.

Glasses and lenses

Recognized as the most common method of correcting myopia.Selection of eyeglass lenses is made by an ophthalmologist.To do this, the visual acuity of both eyes is investigated by means of visometry, then trial mounts with scattering and collecting lenses are used. The doctor offers the patient lenses of varying degrees of refraction until the time when the maximum sharpness is reached.

After choosing the lenses needed diopters, the patient is offered some time (5-10 minutes) to check Whether he tests a strong load on eyes - whether he tests pains in an eye, whether begin to water eyes. To identify such symptoms, the patient can read a book with a small font, use a gadget and other improvised means. After the prescription is issued and the patient goes to the optician.

The permissible difference in diopters for the right and left eyes is 2-3 Dpt, so that the glasses do not give a large visual load to the organs.

The procedure for selecting contact lenses is very similar to the one described above, and is supplemented by a separate selection of lens material, the wearing period and the manufacturer.

Surgically

Surgical operations for vision correction are used in case the stage does not allow to correct the problem by traditional methods and exercises.Usually, the intervention is indicated with myopia more than fifteen diopters.

Currently, different methods are used:

1. Assumes a decrease in the optical power of the cornea of ​​the eye, making it flat.
2. Orthokeratology.It is not an operational method per se, however, when using it, special lenses are used that deform the cornea.
3. Collagenoplasty.The operation is based on the introduction of a special gel.
4. Scleroplasty.Introduce special biological components that slow the growth of the eye.
5. Replacing the natural lens with an artificial lens.
6. Implantation of the phakic lens.

Establish a method of treatment and appoint an operation can only a highly qualified doctor. However, surgical techniques can be avoided if in time to diagnose and start treating myopia.

People's means

Treatment of myopia with folk remedies is possible with the help of two directions:

1. With the use of medicinal plants;
2. With the use of exercises for the eyes.

The use of medicinal plants involves the intake of decoctions and infusions inside, as well as the manufacture of various lotions. In folk medicine, the following recipes are actively used:

• Enchantment.To make drops, use a tablespoon of herbs for half a glass of boiling water. The medicine is insisted for twenty minutes, after which one drop is added to each eye. For oral administration, two tablespoons of ophthalmic liquids are poured into two glasses of boiling water.
• Blueberry.One part of fresh blueberry juice is used for two parts of water. Such a solution can be taken as eye drops.
• Chamomile.One teaspoon of flowers pour a glass of boiling water and insist for half an hour. Take this infusion should be three times a day for half a glass.

The most effective exercises:

• Twenty-thirty times blink for one minute.
• About ten times close your eyes tightly for five seconds. In the break to open wide.
• Do massage in circular movements in different directions and slowly.Ten approaches are required.

Use of folk remedies is required only after consultation with an ophthalmologist.

Prevention

Prevention of myopia can maintain high quality of vision until old age.To do this, it is recommended to observe the hygiene of the eyes and the following rules:

• During reading, the distance between the book and the eyes should not exceed thirty centimeters.
• The use of a fluorescent lamp during reading is not recommended.
• When reading, you must observe your posture.
• It is recommended to lead a healthy lifestyle and eat well.
• Do not read while driving and in an uncomfortable position.
• Long eye strain without breaks is fatal.

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conclusions

Myopia is an unpleasant disease that can significantly worsen the quality of life by reducing visual acuity. People suffering from the disease, have to experience the inconvenience associated with the need to constantly wear glasses or lenses, as well as to be observed by an ophthalmologist. However, it is worth noting the high degree of simplicity and effectiveness of disease prevention, which should be carried out from an early age. In addition, a neglected degree of disease can be cured by surgical procedures.

Also read about what hypermetropia and astigmatism are.