The field of vision is a very important concept in ophthalmology, allowing to estimate the level of vision and diagnose many diseases. Under the field of vision is understood the magnitude of the surrounding space, when the sight is directed strictly forward and fixed at one point. Due to peripheral vision, a person can see and surround objects, but more vague. Restriction of the field of vision and loss of individual areas indicates the presence of an eye pathology that requires urgent treatment.
Content
1Definition of a symptom
2Causes
3Possible diseases
4Diagnostic Methods
5Treatment
6Prevention
7Video
8conclusions
Definition of a symptom
The limitation and loss of the field of vision is characterized by a person in different ways.In some cases, the patient perceives the surrounding space as through a translucent veil.The cause of this may be a detachment of the retina or a disturbance of the nerve fibers of the visual system. When the retina detaches, the shape of familiar objects is also distorted. A site of loss can have a "floating" character.
A symptom similar to the surrounding haze may indicate a serious illness such as glaucoma.The patient also notices a rainbow halo on the lighting elements. In general, blurred vision in the form of a veil can talk about a variety of diseases, and only an ophthalmologist, after carrying out the appropriate procedures, puts the correct diagnosis and prescribes treatment procedures.
Falling of the fields of vision is characterized by the disappearance of the image elements in the center or on the periphery.In the first case, in the central part of the visible zone, the patient sees a dark area. When peripheral vision is disturbed, the picture is perceived as if through a small hole. In the center everything can be seen very clearly and without distortion, and the peripheral regions from the field of view completely fall out.
Falling out the fields of vision can also be of a local nature.In this case, small areas are formed in the field of view, where the image is absent.In ophthalmology they are called scotoma. They can be single or multiple. It happens that such a zone has long been in the eye, but due to its small size, the patient simply does not notice it. Only on reception at the ophthalmologist, after carrying out of diagnostic procedures, the patient learns, that he has a serious disease.
Often a person does not notice that his field of vision has diminished. At the same time the disease continues to progress. Only a visit to an ophthalmologist will help determine the presence of pathology and start treatment on time.
Causes
Causes that can cause loss of visual fields are many. They can touch not only the organs of vision, but also be a consequence of serious disorders in the brain.The most common causes of visual field disturbances are:
cataract;
glaucoma;
pathology of the optic nerve;
eye trauma;
retinal detachment;
neuralgic diseases;
high pressure;
atherosclerosis;
diabetes.
If some part of the image is observed as through a semi-transparent curtain, it can be a cataract or a proliferation of conjunctiva (pterygium).In the initial stage of glaucoma, the center of vision is affected and only then pathology affects the peripheral regions. With a strong pathology of the optic nerve, the eye completely stops seeing. Eye traumas, depending on the severity, can lead to both the deposition of individual zones in the field of vision, and to a strong restriction of peripheral vision.
When the retina detaches, the patient sees familiar objects in a distorted form.Often proportions change, and straight lines are warped. Sometimes it seems to the patient that he is looking through a layer of water. In this case, the entire surrounding panorama is noticeably deformed. Very dangerous for the organs of vision are high blood pressure and atherosclerosis. These diseases can cause the appearance of thrombi in the vessels of the eye. In this case, some part of the retina ceases to function and the patient sees a dark spot in the field of vision or observes narrowing of the visible zone.
This phenomenon arises spontaneously and after a while disappears, as the thrombus self-destruct. The loss of visual fields can be systematic.Small blood clots block the supply of the retina with blood and for a certain time, the affected area ceases to give signals to the brain. Then the blood supply is restored, and the patient again begins to see well.
Even if the fallout of the field of vision was of a short-term nature and was no longer repeated, it is necessary to visit an ophthalmologist.
Possible diseases
Often the cause of the violation of the fields of vision are diseases that do not have a direct relationship to the structure of the eyeball.It can be severe damage to the brain or nerve fibers. The fall of the half structure of the visual fields can be caused by the following diseases:
meningitis;
an aneurysm of the carotid artery;
brain tumor;
encephalitis;
adenoma of the pituitary gland.
With meningitis, the patient has severe headaches.There is edema of the eyelid and cornea on the background of multiple falling out of the fields of vision. An aneurysm of the carotid artery leads to a severe loss of vision, which can result in complete blindness. Tumors of the brain can cause severe disturbances in the visual fields. The adenoma of the pituitary gland is characterized by the loss of the field of vision from the temporal side, and in the central field of vision scotomes may appear on the red color.With the further development of this disease, drop-out zones appear on the entire visible spectrum.Disturbance of the blood supply to the center of vision located in the brain causes a concentric narrowing of the visible fields.
Regular headaches accompanied by impaired vision may be the result of severe brain damage. If you have these symptoms you need to undergo a complete examination.
Diagnostic Methods
Diagnosis is based on patient complaints and perimetry.When visiting an ophthalmologist, it is necessary to describe as accurately as possible all the negative manifestations that diagnostic equipment can not reveal. Such manifestations include:
headache;
a feeling of pressure on the eyeballs;
dizziness;
disturbance of balance;
misty haze in the eyes;
light sparks in sight.Perimetry
All these symptoms will help the doctor to accurately diagnose, and if necessary, appoint additional consultations from a neurologist and a neurosurgeon.To determine the violation of the fields of vision, the deposition of individual zones and the precise localization of the sites, an ophthalmologic device "Perimeter" is used. The device has several modifications, but the most accurate method of diagnosis is the computer perimetry.Since the human eye does not respond equally to the colors of the spectrum, the drop-out of the visual fields is usually checked for all primary colors.
Diagnosis of falling out of the fields of vision is a non-contact method, which takes no more than 30 minutes. In this procedure, there is no effect on the eye.
Treatment
The loss of visual fields is a consequence of a disease, so the elimination of this pathology begins with the treatment of the underlying cause.In some cases, the disease is treated medically, but in severe cases it is necessary to use surgical intervention. So hThe cause of the violation of the visual fields is the detachment of the retina.In this case, an operation or laser coagulation is required, with the help of which the exfoliated part is welded to the site by means of a laser.
When glaucoma patients are prescribed funds to reduce pressure inside the eye.In some cases, only a surgical operation can help a patient. With nervous diseases or brain lesions, diagnostic procedures and treatment are performed by physicians of the appropriate specialization.Sometimes the patient may need to consult an oncologist.
When prescribing an operation, all the prescriptions of the doctor should be followed exactly. Especially it concerns the postoperative period.
Prevention
As a preventive measure to reduce the risk of eye diseases, you can recommend compliance with work and rest.Especially it concerns those who constantly works on the computer and working on harmful manufactures.People with high blood pressure and diabetics need to constantly monitor their negative parameters.
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Retinal diseases
The definition of blepharospasm, as well as the ways of its treatment, read in this material.
The causes of strabismus in children and ways to get rid of this pathology are presented here.
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Video
conclusions
The emergence and development of eye diseases is largely provoked by the victims themselves. Many believe that visiting a doctor is necessary for those who are ill, but a healthy person does not need it. This is a big mistake. Only an ophthalmologist can determine the eye disease at an early stage, when there are still no objective symptoms that can be felt. Timely visit to the eye cabinet can save, in the future, from many problems.
Also read about what is chorioretinitis of the eye and heterochromia.
