Among many eye diseases, glaucoma is the most dangerous.It has serious consequences, which are expressed in the form of a partial decrease in vision, limiting the visual field, which is a dangerous violation that can lead to complete blindness.
Content
1Definition of glaucoma
2Types and Classifications
3Causes
4Symptoms
5Possible complications
6Diagnostics
7Treatment
7.1Medicines
7.2Folk remedies
7.3Surgically
8Prevention
9Video
10conclusions
Definition of glaucoma
During glaucoma, the intraocular pressure mainly increases and the color of the eye changes, it becomes the color of the sea water. There are other names for this disease, such as "green water "cataracts of green color".
With increasing pressure (IOP), periodic seizures may occur, and the gradual death of the optic nerve begins.There are certain negative changes in the outflow of the intraocular fluid, it starts to accumulate and press on the fundus.
If you do not do timely treatment, the situation can go too far and the person will become blind, as the field of vision will gradually decrease until it completely closes.
Congenital form. Can be hereditary and intrauterine. The latter appears as a result of the developmental defect of the anterior part of the eye due to pathologies carried by the mother. Constant intoxication of the body by a pregnant drug, psychotropic, medicamentous drugs, alcohol consumption also lead to impaired fetal development.
Youthful glaucoma, as a rule, appears against the background of congenital myopia. Also there were cases of impossibility to diagnose the congenital form of the disease, and she showed herself at the age of 3 years. The last kind of youthful glaucoma is characterized by classical senile, but proceeds at a small age.
Primaryoccurs when the pathology of the eye.
Secondarydevelops against the background of injuries or a transferred illness.
Glaucoma is incurable. All modern methods of treatment are aimed at relief of symptoms, regulation of IOP, but relapse will be inevitable.
Primary glaucoma is divided into:
Open-angle.
Closed-angle.
Mixed.
Without changing the intraocular pressure.
Stages of the disease development:
Initial- At this stage there are small changes in the paracentral areas of the field of view. Vision does not deteriorate, no more signs are observed. It is considered the best stage for the complete restoration of visual function and further relief of the disease.
Developed- there is a narrowing of the field of view no more than 10 degrees. It is detected with a standard medical bypass.
Far-away- narrowing the fields of vision more than 15 degrees, the appearance of cattle, deterioration of visual acuity. This form develops for several years, the symptoms manifest gradually, so a person can not pay attention to such changes.
Terminal- complete loss of vision, greatly elevated IOP, but there remains light. At this stage, blindness is irreversible. the optic nerve is atrophied.
In addition to the above classifications, there is also a system for determining the level of eye pressure: A - IOP has normal indicators (from 22 to 26 mm Hg); B - moderately elevated (from 29 to 33 mm Hg); C- increased (from 33 mmHg.). All measurements are carried out according to the Maklakov method.
Causes
The development of glaucoma is the malnutrition of certain parts of the organ of vision. This function is performed by the liquid that is inside the eye, it provides timely and necessary nutrition to all parts: the cornea, the lens, nerve endings and other parts.
The liquid inside the optic organ is in both chambers, front and back, and apart from the nutritional function, it regulates the level of intraocular pressure and is responsible for the whole condition of the eye, its tone and life activity.In case of violation of its main functions, in the form of outflow or inflow, processes begin pathological properties, resulting in poor blood supply to cells and a gradual retinal dying.
All these factors contribute to the development of many eye ailments, including glaucoma. The development of the disease occurs gradually. At first the person starts to see the blurred edges of the field of view, gradually the circle around the edges begins to narrow and darken. Over time, the edges narrow, and the image becomes more fuzzy. The whole surrounding world begins to fit into a dark tunnel, the field narrows to small sizes and finally, completely closed by a dark "curtain".
However, there is a list of reasons that can cause blindness, and now we will present their wording:
Insufficiency of nutrition by oxygen and blood supply of eye tissues, nerves and other structures.
Glaucoma optic neuropathy.
Complicated pregnancy, in particular the third trimester.
Wrong development of the eye (orbital hypertelorism, etc.)
Mutations of a genetic nature.
Hypotonia and hypertension.
Injury of the eye, as a result, the lens is shifted.
Diseases: cataracts, diabetes mellitus, osteochondrosis of the cervical region, hemophthalmus, tumors of the visual organs, atherosclerosis, keratitis, scleritis, uveitis.
Use of steroids for a long period or hormonal drugs.
Poisoning by food.
Stress and depression.
If we turn to statistical data, we can draw the following conclusions:
Glaucoma is a disease mainly of the elderly or people in middle age, from 40 to 60 years. (The norm of eye pressure in 60 years - from 22 to 26 mm Hg.) In childhood this phenomenon is extremely rare, perhaps one case per 1, 00 children.
Terrible statistics show that due to glaucoma, more than 15% of the blind, lost sight precisely because of this disease.
The number of patients is gradually increasing.This means that the ecological situation in the world, like nothing else, affects the health of the eyes, TVs and monitors, gadgets and unhealthy eating, consisting of their artificial ingredients also have a negative impact on health eye.
Among the forms of the disease there are two: ICD-10 and ICD-9.
Symptoms
As already described above, the main symptom is narrowing the field of view. But we can identify additional signs of the onset of the disease, they include:
Gradual decrease in visual acuity;
When a person looks at a bright light, the eyes begin to appear "iris
In case of insufficient illumination, visibility deterioration begins;
Heaviness in the visual organs, sometimes painful sensations;
Pain in the head, especially the temporal part;
There is an increase in intraocular pressure.
When these symptoms occur, you should consult an ophthalmologist to find out the cause. Perhaps this is a temporary phenomenon and you are just overwrought, but maybe this is the beginning of a dangerous ailment, and the timeliness of its detection will help a speedy recovery.
Possible complications
The main complication that can result from glaucoma is blindness.
Atrophy of the optic nerve can occur with an acute attack of the disease, after that the loss of vision quickly comes.
Among people who are able to get sick with an ailment, more often than others:
Patients older than 50-60 years.
Those who have myopia and farsightedness.
If there is a hereditary predisposition.
People with dilated pupils.
Women risk 40 times more sick than men, this is a consequence of the fact that the female eye chamber is smaller in volume than the male.
Diagnostics
Diagnosis of the disease in several ways, which are part of a comprehensive method:
Anamnesis, measurement of intraocular pressure and refraction of the eye, examination using special equipment visual field, the determination of the size of the lens and anterior eye chamber, ultrasound, gonioscopy, as well as examination of the fundus.
Measurement of intraocular pressure
Treatment
First of all, it's a visit to the ophthalmology room and a thorough diagnostic procedure. Only after this, a definite diagnosis is made, the stage, concomitant diseases is determined. Each patient must be assigned a personal curative therapy program.
Medicines
Treatment with medications is mainly possible to stabilize the pressure inside the eye.It is this that most often causes damage to the optic nerve, and hence all complications of the most evil character.
All drugs that are directed to this action have side effects and contraindicationsI. Therefore, the treatment process must be under the close supervision of the doctor. Among the most common agents are: Betaxolone, Devobunolol, Timmolol, Acetazolamide, Brinzolamide, Clonidid and others.
Timolol - vasodilator eye drops
Among the universal drugs can be identified: Proxopheline, Fotil, Normoglaukon, Kosopt.
Kosopt drops are used to treat glaucoma
In order to correct intraocular pressure, miotics and sympathomimetics are used.
Folk remedies
The person always used folk remedies, no matter how much the disease did not suffer.In this case, several herbal recipes are used, with which you can promote treatment.
Nettle insists on the basis of a tablespoon of a young plant a glass of water.Insist nettles for an hour. Drink half an hour before meals.
Dill is taken in the proportion of a teaspoon of seeds and 250 ml of water.Boil for a few minutes, then strain and use also before eating, with a course of up to 20 days.
Aloe, anise, cowberry, plantain, St. John's wort, cumin are also useful.All these plants can be brewed and drunk instead of tea.
Surgically
In surgical ophthalmic practice, the following methods of treating glaucoma are used:
Deep sclerectomy- creation of artificial ways of fluid outflow.
Laser iridectomy(iridotomy) - in the peripheral part of the iris creates an opening for the outflow of fluid.
Laser trabeculoplasty- on the trabecula, scars are created by cauterization to improve the drainage of liquids.
Cyclocrycoagulation- moderate decrease in moisture production. Also carried out by means of laser equipment.Laser iridectomy
Depending on the degree of glaucoma and damage to neighboring tissues, lens replacement, laser coagulation of the retina and other surgical procedures for restoring vision can also be shown.
Prevention
As already stipulated, it is impossible to cure glaucoma.After diagnosing the disease, it is necessary to constantly monitor the level of intraocular pressure, to visit the ophthalmologist on time. All surgical interventions also require postoperative follow-up for many years. Do not guarantee that the disease will not return.
However, it is possible to partially alleviate the general state of health and smooth out the situation somewhat.Healthy eating, activity in moderation, as well as the use of folk methods will keep the disease under control.
Here are the general recommendations:
Avoid stress and conflict.
Do not wear heavy things, especially elderly people.
Eat a healthy and healthy food.
Drink water is the source of life.
Refuse alcohol and smoking.
Move more and have a rest.
Do not abuse medicines, but lean on vitamins.
Strengthen immunity.
Video
conclusions
Although glaucoma is considered an incurable disease, it is not a verdict.Timely diagnosis, the implementation of all necessary measures within the treatment scheme will allow for a long delay in the progression of the disease.Follow the advice of a doctor and remember about prevention, then any disease will not find development and does not deprive you of the habitual life and joy of life.
