Antiviral drugs against flu and colds

Review of antiviral drugs in cases of influenza and influenza

Any disease, especially ARVI and the Flu is easier, cheaper and safer not to treat, but not to prevent, to prevent its occurrence. Recently, especially worried about the "point" - it's safer. Should I take antiviral pills at all? In today's complex world, how to understand the issues:

• Will the effect of using an expensive antiviral drug?
• Which drug is better for adults to take flu, children?
• Do not it cause harm to health?
• Is there the best cure for flu?
• Effective antiviral drugs - is it advertising, business, dummy or not?

Antiviral drugs for Orvy on the Russian pharmaceutical market are as follows:

Virtually all antiviral drugs for orvi and flu have no evidence base for their antiviral efficacy. Studies are very expensive, conducted by the manufacturers themselves and those interested in the positive conclusion of the parties. Today, most clinical trials of new drugs are regularly falsified in order to bring "miraculous" drugs to the market with a new price tag. Given the fabulous commercial benefits of selling expensive antiviral drugs during the epidemic, honesty and objectivity of research is not believed. As you know, pharmacological publications, even in medical journals today, are about 90 percent - these are custom-made articles of an advertising nature.

Today in the pharmacy chains an abundance of various medicines, some of which in fact "Medicines" are not, because there are a lot of fakes, frank dummies and inefficient means. Advocates of patients' rights in Ukraine, for example, argue that in 4 drugs registered as antiviral - the active substance was not found. However, a wide advertising company allows producers to earn millions of hryvnias on them per year.

Antiviral drugs for Orvi are conventionally divided into:

• Vaccines - stimulation of the production of antibodies before infection with the virus
• Immunostimulants - drugs that temporarily enhance nonspecific immunity, which promote the production of interferons
• Antiviral drugs are agents that affect neuraminidase (a viral enzyme) by suppressing the multiplication of the virus (Oseltamivir, Zanamivir) and blockers of M2-channels Amantadine, Remantadin - these drugs have proven clinical effectiveness, but as any means have a number of side effects effects.

Most antiviral drugs for orvi and influenza are developed and applied no more than 10-40 years. The drug should have a greater "trial period" in order to draw a conclusion about its effectiveness and side effects. As for immunostimulants, these funds can have delayed consequences (development risks autoimmune diseases, oncological diseases of the blood, etc.) and should be prescribed according to strict indications.

Immunity modulators and antiviral agents

The immunostimulants produced today show the activation of immune reactions at the biochemical level (what is called "In vitro"), but their real benefits and long-term consequences of use are rather complex, poorly understood region. Since information on many mechanisms of immunity has become known relatively recently, scientists are getting more and more information about its functioning every year. Therefore, there is no confidence in the safety and correctness of general stimulation of the "under-researched" immune system (see Fig. what is immunity and whether drugs are needed to improve it). Especially prudent should be the preventive use of immunostimulants and the treatment with antiviral medicines for children.

"Pharmacy immunostimulants can not only help the body, but also harm" - says Ph.D. Tatyana Tikhomirova, immunologist-allergist. Such a state as hyperactivation of the immune system, as well as immunodeficiency is extremely dangerous, the human body functions normally only with the balance of the immune system. And if a person each time stimulates ("to increase self-immunity"), then, in the presence of predisposing factors, this may result in pathological inflammation, launching of immune aggression on healthy tissues, hyperactivation of the immune system and theoretically (in extreme cases) to the development of autoimmune or oncological disease.

If the next of kin has any autoimmune disease (rheumatoid arthritis, insulin-dependent sugar diabetes, Sjogren's syndrome, multiple sclerosis, etc.), then under no circumstances should a person use any immunostimulants. Even if a person is healthy, there is already a violation of the immune system, and one can live with them all his life, but if he is rude and persistently try to stimulate their immune system, it can end with the debut of an autoimmune disease.

Fortunately, for most healthy people, without the presence of any predisposing factors, it is difficult to "achieve" your immunity so as to seriously damage your health. Since most of the known immunostimulants either do not work at all, or almost do not work. One part of the drugs - an ordinary deception, another - ineffective means. But it should be remembered that any drug has side effects.

Drug Groups	Act	Names of drugs
Interferon preparations	Blockade of viral mRNA translation, presentation of viral antigens	Recombinant alpha / gamma interferons
Etiotropic means	Neuraminidase inhibitors	Relenza Tamiflu Peramivir
Ion channel blockers	Rimantadine (Remantadine, Orvirem)
Antiviral drugs with varying degrees of evidence of action	Enabling synthesis endogenous interferons	Kagocel Cycloferon Lavomax (Amiksin, Tyloron) Cytovir 3
Specific HA chaperone	Arbidol
NP-Protein Inhibitors	Ingavirin

Alexander Khadzhidis, Chief Clinical Pharmacologist, St. Petersburg states the following: "Some doctors for some reason first appoint patients antipyretic drugs, and then immunomodulators, supposedly for the production of interferon - which is illogical and generally is absurd. That is, first, knocking down the temperature - "forbid" the body to fight the virus (at high temperature, antibodies are produced against the virus and infection), and then artificially "forced" do.

In developed countries, interferonogens (drugs that stimulate the production of interferon) are not at all. Interferons can work only with parenteral (intravenous) administration, and even then, their effectiveness is questionable. In Russia, these drugs are extremely popular, despite the fact that they are useless.

With regard to antipyretics with the virus - to knock down the temperature better with paracetamol and once with a rise in temperature, rather than 4 p / day - "just in case." Taking Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) in ARVI, especially in children under 12 years old, is contraindicated, it can become the cause of severe damage to the central nervous system and the liver, it is not recommended to apply it to those who suffered from peptic ulcer disease Gastrointestinal tract. "

Well-known in Russia doctor Alexander Myasnikov says that all immunomodulators widely advertised in our country are a waste of money. In the United States and Western Europe, it is already unequivocally recognized and proven that these remedies are ineffective, but most Russian doctors continue to believe in the power of immunomodulators in treating Orvi.

Cytovir 3

Pharmacological action: Integratedimmunostimulating, an antiviral drug,

has an interferonogenic effect. As part of the drug - Timogen sodium, ascorbic acid, bendazole. Timogen synthetically obtained dipeptide, it enhances the nonspecific resistance of the organism. Ascorbic acid normalizes the permeability of capillaries, reducing the activity of the inflammatory process. Bendazol stimulates the production of endogenous interferon in the body.

Side effects: in people suffering from vegetative-vascular dystonia, causes a decrease in blood pressure.

Contraindications: in pregnancy, children under 1 year, thrombophlebitis, severe hypotension, diabetes mellitus, stomach ulcer, urolithiasis.

Issued: since 2001 in capsules, for children since 2006 in syrup, in powder for the preparation of solution
Research: There is no reliable information about clinical trials confirming its efficacy and safety. Often, doctors and pharmacists recommend this tool for children, but use it to treat children should be used with caution or not used at all.

References: Quite a lot of reviews in patients who use Citovir, about the effectiveness and absence of side effects. Improvement of well-being is observed on the second-third day, in single cases the drug did not help.
Price: Cytovir 3 - average240-580rub.

Kagocel

Pharmacological action: inducer of interferon synthesis, antiviral,immunomodulatingeffect. Composition: the sodium salt of the copolymer, which causes the formation of late interferon, which has high antiviral activity. The greatest effect occurs if you start treatment within the first 24 hours of the disease, but not later than the 4th day after the onset of an acute infection. With a view to prevention, it is possible to take it at any time, preferably immediately after contact with a sick Orvy or a flu.

Side effects: the emergence of allergic reactions.
It is issued: It is registered in 2003, since 2005 it is made in tablets, since 2011 it is resolved to use for children over 3 years old for the treatment of influenza, as an prevention for children can be used for children older than 6 years.

Research efficiency and safety: There is conflicting information. The active ingredient is the sodium salt of the gossypol copolymer with carboxymethyl cellulose.

And Gossipol itself is a natural polyphenol, it has been banned in the world since 1998 due to its toxicity. Gossypol for a long time and actively studied by some countries as a contraceptive, with its continued intake completely stops spermatogenesis. Chinese and Brazilian scientists say that host gossypol boys and men may suffer infertility in the future. However, Kagocel is not pure gossypol, it is the sodium salt of the copolymer, which has other properties that differ from the properties of the chemical itself.

The manufacturer actively advertises the drug and claims that the salt in Kagocel is negligible, 4 times lower than the concentration from the international standards allowed. Multiple stages of purification of the product ensure the absence of free Gossypol in the final drug, which is checked by monitoring the quality of each series of Kagocel tablets. The method used to check the availability of free gossypol is very accurate, it can reveal its content higher, 036%. In early 2013, data were published on tests performed on rats - no changes in reproductive function were detected in animals.

That is, research on primates was not done? It is known that gossypol for different animal species has its maximum dose of toxicity, according to the EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) for rats the limiting toxic dose is 2200-3300 mg / kg.,for pigs 550, for guinea pigs up to 300 mg / kg. The research carried out by the manufacturer consisted in the administration of therapeutic doses to male rats, and doses 25 times higher than therapeutic doses250 mg / kg). Can you trust the rest of the statements and "studies"?

Neither in Western Europe nor in the United States Kagocel is not used, there are no WHO medicines on the list. The effectiveness of the drug is not proven according to the representatives of the Formulary Committee of the RAMS and SDMX. There were no statistical studies on the development of side effects as of autumn 2013.

The drug is actively recommended for use by adults and children, but evidence of the safety of this medicines for children 3-6 years old no, clinical studies for this age group are not was produced.

Reviews: Many help, some children and adults are allergic reactions in the form of rashes, swelling, itching.
Price: Kagocel - average180-280rub. In 2012, the volume of sales amounted to - 2.64 billion. rubles

Tyloron (Amiksin, Lavomax)

Pharmacological action: active ingredient Tiloron, possesses antiviral andimmunomodulatingaction, it is a synthetic inducer of interferon that stimulates the formation of interferons alpha, beta, gamma.

Side effects: short-term chills, allergic reactions, contraindicated in breastfeeding and pregnancy.

Issued: almost 40 years ago, children under 7 years of age are strictly prohibited.

Research: The benefits of the drug are unquestionable for both treatment and prevention of viral diseases, but this can overlap with potential harm to the body. In the 80's in the US, after tests on mice, the drug was banned, as it had a highly toxic effect,in experimental animals, retinal bundle, liver lipidosis and other side effects were observed. It does not apply in the US and the European Union. In our country, continue to produce antiviral Amiksin and doctors appoint it to patients.
A small study involved 14 patients who received tilorone in a dose of 152 and 189 g, in 2 the drug caused keratopathy and retinopathy (while the visual acuity did not decrease), these effects were reversible. The authors of the study concluded about the potential danger of the drug for health.
Reviews: The occurrence of allergic reactions, the high cost of medicine.
Price: Amiksin - on average500-560rub. Sales volume in 2012 amounted to 7 billion. rub.

Additionally! Medicines, the so-called immunomodulators - Lycopid, Polyoxidonium, Cycloferon, Proteflazide, Timogen, Panavir, Isoprinosine, Neovir, Groprinosin and others. - should not be used to treat children (for various diseases) without immunograms and serious indications as they do not have the proper clinical trials of efficacy and safety in the treatment children.

Antiviral drugs

Below are just some of the antiviral medications from Orvi, reviews about them, a brief description, comments on known studies of their effectiveness, the average price in pharmacies.

Ingavirin

Pharmacological action: active substance imidazolylethanamide pentandioic acid. It is active against adenovirus infection, influenza A, B, respiratory syncytial infection, parainfluenza. It is an immunomodulator that affects the functional activity of the interferon system.

Side effects: allergic reactions

Contraindicated: children under 18 years.

Produced: as a drug for the treatment of influenza and orgi from 2008, before that, according to prof. Vlasova Vasilia Vitaglutam (imidazolylethanamide pentane diacid) was used in Russia before 2008 as a stimulant for hematopoiesis in cancer patients receiving an anticancer therapy.

Research: According to the manufacturers, the idea of ​​producing Ingavirin arose in the 1980s, but Only after many years of research into its safety and efficacy was the drug submitted for registration by 2008 year. When Vitaglutam was used in patients with oncological diseases, there was no convincing evidence of its effectiveness. And when in 2008 Ingavirin appeared on the pharmaceutical market without full-fledged studies, the "epidemic of swine flu" began in the country, therefore Ingavirin was actively sold. The drug was recommended by the Ministry of Health and Social Development, even despite the absence of placebo-controlled studies, reasonable evidence of its effectiveness.

One study conducted at 105!!! of patients with confirmed influenza showed the following results:

• Receiving ingavirin reduced the duration of fever to 3 hours (if used in the first 1 days after the onset of the disease)
• In the placebo group, this is 72 hours
• In the group taking Arbidol - 48 hours

Analyzing the duration and intensity of flu symptoms - weakness, headache, dizziness in patients with ingavirin was confirmed to reduce the severity of the disease, side effects are not revealed.

In May 2009, Alexander Chuchalin, chief therapist of the Russian Federation, (he led a team of drug developers) gave an interview to the magazine Ogonek: "The new antiviral agent Ingavirin efficiency is much higher than that of the AmericanTamiflu. The Russian drug is quickly and easily integrated into the genome of the A / H1N1 virus, immediately destroying it. It is also effective with other dangerous viruses. "

Reviews: Most drug does not help, isolated cases confirm the reduction in the timing of the disease.

Price:380-460rub. From January to June 2010, the sales volume of Ingavirin was 220 million. rubles, 467 thousand packages were sold.

Arbidol

Pharmacological action: Antiviral, has the ability to suppress viruses of influenza A and B, SARS - severe acute respiratory syndrome, associated coronavirus. Arbidol is also used in the complex therapy of acute rotavirus intestinal infections.
Active substance: Methylphenylthiomethyl-dimethylaminomethyl-hydroxybromoindole carboxylic acid ethyl ester.

Side effects: use of children under 3 years is prohibited, individual

allergic reactions.
Produced: invented in 1974, in 1992, it began its industrial production.

Research: Until 2013 there was no convincing evidence in its effectiveness and safety. Studies conducted in the USSR have not been published. In Russia in 2008, a study of 300 people showed that Viferon was more effective than Arbidol. In 2004, in China, tests for 230 patients with symptoms of Orvi showed it was not effective, in contrast to Tamiflu and Ingaverin. In 2009, in the journal of the UK "Antiviral Research the authors of the research stated that strains resistant to Arbidol are formed less frequently than those of Remantadine and Amantadine.

The Office of Quality Control of US Medicines denied registration of Arbidol in the United States, and WHO has never considered this drug as an effective antiviral drug.

Update on the drug: At the end of 2013, the World Health Organization Arbidol (umifenovir) as an antiviral drug with a direct effect, assigning it an individual code J05AX13. Thus, Pharmstandard received a nominal permission for widespread use of the drug on the territory of the Russian Federation, where Arbidol is included in the standards of treatment and prevention of influenza and ARVI in children and adults.

Nevertheless, the multicenter test of the effectiveness of Arbidol, which was planned to be completed in 2013, has not been completed to this day, and its terms have been postponed to 2015. The results of this test, which has serious sponsors and does not suffer from a shortage of patients, could put a dot over I in the arbidol epic, but for unknown reasons this is not occurs. I.eevidence of effectiveness is not present until now, it remains to wait ...

Reviews: The same number of positive reviews and opinions about the ineffectiveness of its use. There are isolated cases of allergic reactions in the form of dermatitis, angioedema, pain in the epigastric region.
Price: Arbidol - on average130-710rub. In 2012, the volume of sales - more than 5 billion. rub.

At the pharmaceutical market in Belarus, an analog of Arbidol, producer of JV "Lekpharm" appeared. It is a generic drug, in the Belarusian import-substituting packaging - Arpetol. The instructions to him indicate that the active substance is: arbidol hydrochloride? Once again, the commercialization of today's pharma market and the lack of proper control is proved!

Tamiflu

Pharmacological action: an antiviral drug, which includes oseltamivir carboxylate (active metabolite), suppresses influenza A and B viruses. When Orvi is not effective.

Side effects: Nausea, insomnia, diarrhea, dizziness, lethargy, cough, headaches, with caution to pregnant women and lactation. Contraindicated for children under 1 year.

Produced: since 1996, the pharmaceutical company "F. Hoffmann-La Roche "registered the right to develop

preparations containing oseltamivir.

Research: Tamiflu has a disadvantage - it complicates the diagnosis, because side effects are similar to the symptoms of influenza. It is dangerous in the epidemic period with long-term admission. Optimum effective only short-term use - a few days at the beginning of the flu. Independent researchers demanded a standard report from the Swiss manufacturer of 4-5 research modules. To which the pharmaceutical company provided only the first modules, repeated requests for full information were never satisfied.

Since 2004, cases of neuropsychic disorders began to be registered, more often in children and adolescents, who took Tamiflu during influenza - hallucinations, nightmares, confusion, convulsions, anxiety, etc.

Japanese postmarketing studies of this drug in 2006 have indicated a risk of developing impaired consciousness in humans - psychosis, depression, suicidal tendencies, especially in children. And there were also 54 deaths after Tamiflu, 16 of which were in adolescents 10-19 years (15 killed suicide, 1 died, hitting a car), the rest died of kidney failure (it is possible that due to severe flu).

The latest information about this drug:Back in April 2014, the Cochrane Society (an independent health research network) represented by Tom Jefferson and the British Medical the journal published data from the Cochrane review of studies that did not confirm the efficacy of Tamiflu and Relenza in the treatment and prevention influenza. Also, the efficacy of reducing influenza complications with these drugs has also been questioned. The firm attempts of Roche firm to fight back with a firm promise to provide undeniable evidence in the form of results of randomized trials have so far not been successful. Evidence is expected to present.

April 10, 2014, the Cochrane Collaboration website published the results of these 26 clinical trials Relenza and 20 clinical trials of Tamiflu, in which 2, 00 people participated.

As a result of the research it was found that:

• Oseltamivir as a preventive agent slightly reduces the risk of developing influenza in families, without reducing the ability of the influenza virus to be transmitted from person to person.
• The duration of symptoms is reduced by 16 hours (from 7 to, days), in children this effect is absent altogether.
• The drug has no effect on the risk of serious complications (sinusitis, otitis media, pneumonia, bronchitis), that is, does not reduce the likelihood of complications.
• The medicine is recognized as sufficiently toxic, increasing the risk of nausea, vomiting in both children and adults.
• When used for preventive purposes, the drug was dangerous to health, because it leads to mental disorders, impaired renal function, in some cases found that it helps to reduce the production of their own antibodies to the virus.

Based on these studies, health officials of the world's leading countries should decide to stop mass procurement of antiviral drugs with the current substance Oseltamivir due to the high risk of side effects and low effectiveness as a medicine for the therapy and prevention of influenza virus in the period epidemic.

reference: only on the basis of the claims of the manufacturer Tamiflu that the drug significantly reduces the risk of serious complications and hospitalization of patients during the epidemic, countries such as the United Kingdom and the United States in 2009 in connection with the epidemic of swine flu, these drugs were purchased at 40 million doses (The USA, bln. dollars, Great Britain 424 million. f.St.).

Based on recent data on the low efficacy and non-safety of this antiviral agent, an international group experts in evidence-based medicine called on the governments of the world's leading countries to stop mass purchases of Tamiflu and Relenza.

Reviews: There are enough reviews about side effects in the form of vomiting, dizziness, psychosis, headache. The effectiveness of influenza is confirmed by many.

Price: Tamiflu-on average1200-1300rub.

Remantadine (Rimantadine)

Pharmacological action: antiviral drug, an adamantane derivative, suppresses various strains of the influenza A virus (swine flu including).

Side effects: contraindicated in pregnant women, children under 1 year. Reduces concentration of attention, causes dizziness, nervousness, headache, increased fatigue, nausea, vomiting, dryness in

mouth.

Produced: information on the first uses of the drug are known since 1968.

Research: The tests were conducted from 1981 to 2006, mainly they showed a lower toxicity of Remantadine in comparison with Amantadine. One study showed the effectiveness of preventing Amantadine influenza infection by 61% in compared with the placebo group and in the event that a person fell ill, then for 1 day reduced febrile syndrome. In the same study, he was compared to Tamiflu, he gave an efficacy of 73% of the placebo group. Rimantadine (Remantadine) is currently considered a drug with proven clinical efficacy, but the possible resistance to it of some strains of the influenza virus.

Reviews: There are reviews that Remantadin causes side effects - dizziness, tachycardia, bitterness in the mouth. In general, the reviews are positive.
Price: Remantadine - average50-150rub.

It is during the flu (including swine) with the first symptoms of therapists and pediatricians recommend: adults - Remantadin, Tamiflu. Children over 1 year old are shown by Orvir (rimantadine syrup), Viferon. Children older than 8 years can - Remantadin (in the table), Tamiflu.

Interferon preparations

Interferons are informant proteins, which are excreted by cells infected with viruses. They seem to inform other cells about the infection and the required inactivation of the virus. Alpha interferons produce lymphocytes, beta - fibroblasts. In addition to Viferon, the alpha group includes Intron, Reaferon, Kipferon.

Viferon

The creation of the drug was scientifically justified in the period 1990-1995. group of scientists of the Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology. N.F. Gamaleia under the guidance of prof. Malinovskaya V.V.
Since December 1996 on the basis of the same SRI, serial production of recombinant interferon alfa-2b in suppositories begins. Viferon - a candle with a different content of the active substance.

Application:

• Viferon-1 (150000 IU) is designed for babies from birth to 7 years. It is used in ARVI, herpetic infection, as an additional remedy for prolonged pneumonia or sepsis, including in preterm infants with intrauterine infections. The drug is given a course for 5 days. Children under 7 years are recommended 1 candle 2 times a day. Preterm, born on a period of more than 34 weeks - as children under 7 years. With a shorter gestation period - 1 candle three times a day. If necessary, after a five-day break, the course can be repeated for another 5 days.
• In children older than seven years, an adult drug in candles for 50, 00 IU is used twice a day for five days. Possible use of viferon in pregnant women.
• Candles with viferon content of , 0, 00 and , 0, 00 IU are used in the treatment of viral hepatitis and herpetic infections.
• The preparation in the form of ointment is intended for the therapy of herpes on the skin and mucous membranes in adults and children older than a year.

Side effects: the main side effect of drugs viferon may be an allergic reaction, which happens infrequently.

Research: As for the effectiveness of the drug, it is not included in list A of evidence-based pharmacology. I.e,wide randomized trials in humans consistent with international standards were not performed. However, a positive practical experience of treatment with viferon in pediatric practice is available. (By the way, nitroglycerin also does not have randomized studies that prove its effectiveness, which does not make it an ineffective first-line drug for stenocardia). Publications of these clinical trials of the drug are available only in Russian and were conducted only in domestic clinics. Value for money allows pediatricians to recommend a drug for ARVI treatment in children younger than seven years. For adults in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections, the drug is of limited use because of rectal administration and the availability of alternative drugs.

The main arguments of the opponents of the drug:

• high molecular weight of protein molecules that can not be absorbed in the gut
• lack of clinical trials that meet international standards.

Kipferon

In candle light a little expensive for the treatment of common colds. Therefore, it is replaced by viferon. But, with severe forms of intestinal dysbiosis in children of the first two years of life, the drug shows good clinical results.

Studies: Randomized trials were not conducted, that is, the drugrefers to the list of drugs with unproven effects. The main claims:

• High molecular weight, which prevents normal absorption
• Adding to the drug components of the donor blood, which can cause fever and allergies.

Cycloferon

Cycloferon was originally registered as a veterinary drug in 1993 for the treatment of animals with viral infections, in 1995 it was already honey. a drug.

The drug Cycloferon is approved for use in adults and children older than four years. Produced in solution for injection, tablets, liniment. Refers to immunomodulating drugs, is an inducer of interferon, enhancing its production and exhibiting antiviral, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulating properties.

Application: on the territory of the Russian Federation is used in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections, influenza, viral hepatitis, herpes infection, human papillomaviruses and other urological and gynecological pathologies (eg, candidiasis, chlamydia).
Contraindications: The drug is not recommended for pregnant and lactating. May cause an allergic reaction.
Research: Cycloferon is an immunostimulant that stimulates the immune system and the production of interferons. To date, allclinical trialsthis drug, published in the medical literature,were conducted only in the territory of the Russian Federation and do not meet international standards.

There are no serious clinical trials for cycloferon that would prove its effectiveness or refuted the absence of long-term adverse effects of this drug (development of autoimmune diseases). It is not superfluous to recall that all drugs that are on the pharma market for less than five years are still at the fifth level pharmacological tests and it is quite possible to identify previously unknown undesirable effects from drugs such series. In the presence of newly identified harmful effects, the drug will be withdrawn from the pharmacy networks and discontinued, and most of those who have been treated with this remedy and have earned some disruptions in health are unlikely to receive at least some compensation.

Conclusions:

Ineffectiveness of antiviral agents due to the stability of strains of the virus

The lack of a positive effect with the use of certain antiviral drugs for influenza is possible, and because there are drug-resistant viruses and a specific influenza strain may already be resistant to a particular drug (eg, Remantadin).

Other treatments and placebo effect

It is also possible that patients whose reviews indicate the efficacy of such remedies were quickly recovered by other methods of symptomatic treatment, and the placebo effect is not excluded (cf. amazing facts about placebo).

Strong immunity

In a healthy organism, after 2-3 days, the immune system produces enough protective antibodies against the virus, it does not need additional medicines. It is enough to comply with all the known rules - bed rest, plentiful hot drink, vitaminized foods and drinks, clean air in the patient's room, gargling, etc.

Rapid recovery with antiviral drugs

In various life situations, reducing the duration of the disease even for one day can be very important, for example - wedding day, urgent business trip, important business deal, exam, interview and etc. It is in such cases that the use of antiviral drugs, which reduce the duration of the illness by 2-3 days, may make sense.

There are no adequate studies

Absence of benign studies on the study of effectiveness and side effects (on a large group of people, different ages, during long time), most antiviral agents from Orvi and influenza suggest the caution of their use or even the rejection of them.

Do not spend money on pacifiers

Spending money, in some cases, considerable, on drugs with unproved efficacy, side effects, questionable safety, perhaps, is not advisable. Any medicine, even useless or empty, can damage the body.

Video transmission: How the placebo effect works

• sec: 4 min. - about what means are usually prescribed by doctors
• with 2: 0 - about the effect of placebo on the work of the immune system
• with 3: 7 - about the high effect of placebo in children
• with 3: 5 - about preparations-pustachki, appointed or nominated at ORVI
• with 3: 0 - about homeopathy and antiviral drugs in ARVI
• with 4: 7 - on how modern research is conducted

zdravotvet.ru

Information: Effective antiviral drugs against influenza

Antiviral drugs against influenza help the body to conquer the disease faster by increasing the synthesis of interferon. Experts advise taking antiviral medications for influenza, because this way you can kill the pathogen of the problem faster and save the person from possible complications.

Why you need to use antiviral drugs

If the human body is completely healthy, then to fight the flu or cold it can and without additional help. In the event that the immunity of a person is strong, the disease will proceed in a fairly easy form. Otherwise, it is necessary to use antiviral drugs, because a weak immune system can lead to serious complications after the flu.

With the help of an antiviral agent, the healing process can be accelerated and the duration of the disease reduced to 3 or 5 days. At the same time the risk of serious enough complications decreases several times. It is worth noting that drugs of this type will be effective only at an early stage of the disease. Take the money you need to start immediately after you notice the first signs of the flu, because later they will not bring any positive result.

Medications that are based on interferon

Interferons are special proteins that begin to produce every cell of the human body when a virus enters it. Thanks to this substance, it is possible to stop the development of pathogenic flora without problems, and then the person is not sick. Sometimes the body can not independently develop the right amount of this substance, so when influenza should take antiviral drugs, which are based on a sufficient number of interferon.

Most often, experts are appointed to treat influenza:

1. Cycloferon.
2. Kipferon.
3. Viferon.

Cycloferon is one of the inducers of interferon, which has an antiviral and immunomodulating effect on the body of a sick person. This drug is often used not only against the flu, but also for the treatment of colds or ARVI. The medicine is given in tablets, and you can take them after 4 years. The essence of the work of cycloferon is very simple: it affects the induction of alpha and beta interferons, which makes the cells of the human body immune to the causative agent of the flu.

Kipferon also kills viruses and improves the functioning of the immune system. Thanks to the effect of this drug, you can quickly and easily eliminate the inflammatory processes that occur during the flu. Kipferon is sold only in the form of candles and it is often used to treat influenza, acute respiratory infections, colds, intestinal, adenoviral infections. Kipferon allows several times to increase the immune defense of the body, due to its effect on the induction of interferon. Accordingly, the development of viruses stops, and then they die.

Viferon - a drug is one of the complex antiviral drugs that treat the flu, colds, herpetic or hepatitis infections. You can buy Viferon in the form of candles, a gel or an ointment. The effect of the remedy is that it suppresses the influence of viruses and at the same time activates the human immune system. Use these drugs for influenza can not only adults, but children.

Antiviral drugs of direct effect

Drugs of this type act directly on the virus, which provokes the development of influenza. As a result, the viral envelope does not merge in the cells of the human body. At the same time, direct-acting drugs provoke additional production of interferon in the human body.

Most often for treatment use such drugs of direct effect:

1. Ingavirin.
2. Rimantadine.
3. Arbidol.
4. Tamiflu.

Ingavirin is a modern antiviral agent that contains vitaglutam in its composition.The medicine allows to cure the influenza A and B, kills adenoviral infections.At the same time, this medicine stimulates the functioning of the immune system and stops the development of inflammatory processes. As a rule, Ingavarin is prescribed in the presence of influenza, acute respiratory infections, parainfluenza. Do not take the drug before age 18, pregnant women, during lactation or if there is an increased sensitivity to individual components of the drug.

Rimantadine is used not only for treatment, but also for drug prevention. As a rule, they only treat influenza A group. Can not be used during pregnancy or to treat children under 7 years old. Contraindicated taking rimantadine in the event that there are any specific problems with the kidney or liver.

Tamiflu is a modern drug that appeared on the shelves of the pharmacy just recently. Used to treat influenza A and B. At the same time, tamiflu will not bring any effect if it is used to treat a cold, SARS. Due to the fact that the medicine has an incredibly high level of toxicity, it is not used as a preventive measure. Do not use the drug for a long time, because it can provoke problems in the work of the kidneys or cause a mental disorder.

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Immunostimulating agents for influenza

Such drugs are aimed at quickly and safely strengthen the immunity of a person who has the flu:

1. Tyloron.
2. Kagocel.
3. Cytovir 3.

Tyloron is a synthetically derived interferon inducer. Tablets of the drug are very effective during treatment of influenza, colds, SARS, viral encephalomyelitis. Even considering the toxicity of Tyloron, it is still used as a preventive measure. At the same time, drugs can not be used to treat children under 7 years old, pregnant women, while breastfeeding.

Kagocel was invented relatively recently, and it very well stimulates additional production of interferon. A remedy effective for treating all strains of flu, cold or SARS. In order to obtain the desired result of treatment, it is necessary to take the drug as early as the first day after the disease manifested itself. Do not use Kagocel tablets to treat pregnant women or children who are under 3 years old.

Cytovir 3 has a complex effect on the human body, it is actively used for rapid production of interferon in cells. They are used to treat acute respiratory viral infections and influenza at the initial stage of the disease. At the same time, it is not possible to use as effective an agent as Cytovir 3, in the form of a syrup for treating children under 1 year, in the form of capsules - up to 6 years. Contraindicated drug pregnant women and during lactation.

Means against plant-based viruses

This plant increases the natural production of interferon, the activity of influenza viruses very quickly begins to be suppressed.

To date, experts have proven that some medicinal herbs can destroy viruses. On their basis, and were created drugs that are intended for the treatment of influenza, SARS, colds and while they are completely safe and do not harm the body of a sick person. At the same time, it is very important to monitor the condition of the body, so that in case of an allergic reaction, stop treatment with such medicines in time.

The most commonly used for the treatment of influenza are the following herbal antiviral agents:

1. Altabor.
2. Immunoflavid.
3. Proteflazide.
4. Flavozid.

The albator in its composition contains a large number of ancestral alder.

At the same time, Albator is able to kill many other bacteria. You can not use this medication during pregnancy or lactation. In addition, scientists have no information about the influence of Albator on the children's body.

The rest of the medicines have almost the same composition, and they are based on extracts of such herbs as pike and turkey grass. With the help of these drugs you can oppress the enzymes that produce viruses. Accordingly, the viruses stop multiplying and soon die.

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Flu is a serious disease that needs to be treated with antiviral agents. It is not necessary to engage in self-treatment and it will be better to contact a specialist, he will help to select the right medicine as accurately as possible, which would not harm your weakened organism.

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Medicine for influenza and colds for children: recommendations, reviews. Prevention and treatment of influenza and colds

Having noticed the malaise in themselves or their child, some are running to the pharmacy and buying up all available antiviral drugs, while others are waiting for the disease to recede. But not always the disease goes by itself, in a number of cases without a drug against the flu and cold can not do.

Spread of diseases

When it comes to colds and flu, it is important to understand that complications can arise without appropriate treatment. Of course, if this is simply an ARD, then the optimal method of therapy will be copious drinking, bed rest and elimination of symptoms. But with the flu without special medications can not do. But remember that only the doctor should establish the diagnosis, especially if it is a child. He also chooses the most appropriate treatment for influenza and colds. Medications are selected depending on the patient's condition and what caused the illness.

In the viral nature of the disease, special antiviral agents are required, in the case of bacterial - antibiotics. Determine which therapy will be most effective, you can use a routine blood test.

At present, the main problem is that the spread of colds and influenza is becoming pandemic. This is due to the high variability of viruses. The organisms of children, like many adults, are powerless against new pathogens.

Necessary therapy

To understand, what medicine for a flu and cold is necessary in each concrete case, without visit to the doctor it is complex or difficult. But there are a number of drugs that have an effect on viruses and help the body fight many diseases.

They are divided into several groups. It can be means that directly affect the virus, they are also called etiotropic. They include:

1) ion channel blockers: this group includes such agents as "Orvirem "Remantadin

2) a specific HA chaperone that prevents the penetration of viruses into the cells of the body, an example of such a medicament is "Arbidol

3) neuraminidase inhibitors, which include the powder for inhalation "Relenza" and the means for ingestion "Tamiflu "Peramivir

4) NP-protein inhibitors are drugs such as "Ingavirin."

Also, specialists can prescribe interferon preparations. They block the translation of mRNA viruses. In this category of funds fall "Interferon "Viferon "Grippferon "Kipferon."

Another fairly common group are inducers of interferon. Doctors can prescribe such a medicine for cold and flu, like "Kagotsel "Amiksin "Tsikloferon "Citovir 3".

Additional drugs

With a competent approach to treatment are not limited to only one antiviral therapy. It should also be symptomatic. It is so important to relieve the condition of the youngest patients in case of illness! For example, with a cold, vasoconstrictive drugs are used, such as "Nazivin "Mezatol "Sanorin". Also, funds can be prescribed that moisturize and soften the mucous membranes: Aquamaris, Aqualor, essential oil mixtures Sinupret, Pinosol. Combined funds "Vibrocil "Rinoprint" and others are considered effective.

With pain in the throat, antiseptics are prescribed. You can use a solution of Lugol, furatsilina, "Pharyngosept "Geksoral."

It is difficult to do without special cough preparations. These can be cough suppressants Codeine, Dastosin, Sinekod, Kodipron, Stoptussin, which can be drunk only after their appointment as a doctor. Mushrooms Ambroxol, Flavamed, Lazolvan are often used for cough treatment.

Complex treatment also includes taking in case of need antipyretic drugs "Panadol "Ibuprofen "Aspirin". However, the last drug should not be given to children under 12 years old. Antihistamines are mandatory. They are able to inhibit the allergic inflammatory process, which is accompanied by mucosal edema, vasodilation. The most popular medicines are "Loratadin "Eden "Alerzin".

Ion channel blockers

This group of drugs does not allow viruses to be fixed on the cells of the body.

Such a medicine for flu and cold, like Remantadin, is referred to as antiviral drugs. When it is taken, the number of attacking microorganisms begins to decrease, and the person recovers. The action is due to the fact that the viruses for reproduction need to get into the cells, and when "Remantadine" is received it becomes impossible.

Contraindications to admission are individual intolerance, pregnancy, chronic kidney disease, age up to 7 years.

To the same group of drugs include the drug "Midantan." This medicine for flu and cold can not be drunk with psychoses, epilepsies, intolerance to the components of the drug. In addition, contraindications include the periods of pregnancy and lactation. Also, it is not recommended to use it for thyrotoxicosis, glaucoma, arterial hypertension, renal and heart failure.

The composition of the drug "Orvirem" includes the active substance rimantadine. Therefore, this drug has the same contraindications as Remantadine, with the exception of age restrictions. Syrup "Orvirem" can be given to children older than a year. Ion channel blockers are used to treat influenza A. The effectiveness of such therapy was confirmed during the research. Prevention of influenza and colds can also be carried out with the help of these drugs. Drugs in this case are drunk according to a special scheme.

Dosage of ion channel blockers

To treat babies with drugs from this group, only syrup "Orvire" is prescribed. For example, children aged 3 to 7 years on the first day of the disease need to receive 90 mg of rimantadine in the body, 60 mg in the second, and 30 mg in the third. For the prevention of enough 30 mg per day. The necessary amount of syrup is easy to calculate if you know that 5 ml contains 10 mg of active ingredient.

For children aged 1 to 3 years, it is necessary to take 20 mg of rimantadine three times a day on the first day of the disease. The same amount, only twice a day, is recommended on days 2 and 3 of the disease. On the 4th day of the disease, a single dose of 20 mg is necessary. For the purpose of prevention at this age, give 20 mg once a day for 10-15 days.

Neuraminidase inhibitors

The drug "Relenza intended for inhalation, affects influenza viruses related to types A and B. The main active substance in it is zanamivir. Contraindications to admission are the first trimester of pregnancy, the age of up to 5 years, an allergy to the drug and bronchospasm in the anamnesis. In the treatment, the dosage is increased 2-fold.

The remedy for cold and flu called Tamiflu contains oseltamivir phosphate. Treatment with this medication can be given in children older than 1 year. It is able to suppress neuraminidase of influenza A and B viruses. This prevents the spread of infection in the respiratory tract.

Dosage of neuraminidase inhibitors

Inhalation drug "Relenza" is prescribed, as a rule, to children over 5 years of 10 mg (which corresponds to two inhalations) twice a day. For prevention it is recommended to do 2 inhalations a day.

The drug "Tamiflu" is recommended to be taken with meals, it helps to improve its tolerability. But you can drink the indicated medicine for flu and colds for children and adults, regardless of food intake. If the patient can not swallow the capsule, then he can be prescribed a drug "Tamiflu" in powder, from which the suspension is prepared. Children can be given capsules of 30 or 45 mg or a suspension of 12 mg / ml preparation. Babies younger than two years are recommended to give the drug in powder.

Teenagers over 12 years and adults are prescribed capsules of 75 mg, which must be drunk twice a day. But this dosage can be prescribed for children older than 8 years.

NP-protein inhibitors

The medicine for influenza and cold called "Ingavirin" is active against influenza A and B viruses, including A / H1N1 and A / H1N1 swl, A / H5N1, A / H3N2 swine. It is also prescribed for parainfluenza, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial infection.

When taking this medicine against influenza and cold, reproduction of microorganisms is suppressed even at the nuclear phase, and newly synthesized NP viruses can not migrate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Also, the drug helps increase the amount of interferon in the body and has an anti-inflammatory effect.

But the agent "Ingavirin" is prescribed exclusively for adults. For children, it is necessary to select other drugs.

Interferon Inductors

Quite often in pediatric practice, such drugs as "Kagocel "Amiksin "Cycloferon" are used. But despite their popularity, many doctors doubt the effectiveness of these funds.

Producers say that the active components contribute to the formation in the body of a special "late" interferon, which has a high antiviral activity.

For example, a medicine for flu and cold "Kagotsel" is prescribed to babies from the age of 3. For the purpose of treating children under the age of six years, give the first pill twice a day for the first two days and once a day in the following days. If the child is 6 years old or more, he needs 3 tablets in the first days of the illness and 2 on the 3rd and 4th days of the disease. For preventive purposes, it is drunk in courses for 2 days with a weekly break.

The drug "Amiksin" is prescribed only to children over seven years of age. Dosage of it depends on the severity of the disease and is selected by the doctor individually.

The drug "Cycloferon" recommend to kids from 4 years. This medicine for flu and colds for children is taken 1 time per day on an empty stomach. Adults appoint 3-4 tablets per reception, children depending on the age can be recommended from 1 to 3 pieces. For the prevention of the drug is drunk according to a special scheme: it is taken on the 1st or the 2nd day after contact with the patient, until the 8th day the reception is conducted every other day, and from the 11th to the 23rd day, three days later.

Recommendations and feedback

Given that assess the activity of antiviral drugs without special studies is difficult, some moms can recommend, and others criticize a certain cure for the flu and colds. The responses are quite contradictory.

To the smallest patients, doctors often recommend interferon preparations. It can be "Viferon "Grippferon". They are even prescribed to newborn babies. They are used for both treatment and prevention of seasonal viral diseases, including influenza.

Many mothers, whose children have recovered with this approach to treatment, of course, recommend antiviral drugs. But at the same time there are those who did not have therapy with the help of these drugs, the diseases were complicated by the attachment of a secondary infection. As a result, treatment continued with the appointment of antibacterial agents.

Therefore, it is quite difficult to find objective feedback and recommendations. The optimal option will be the use of drugs with proven efficacy, which you will recommend a pediatrician or another treating your child's doctor. If you believe the reviews, then many helped syrup "Orvirem" and the drug "Tamiflu." True, the last remedy is effective only with the flu, many say that with conventional SARS it makes no sense to drink.

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Antiviral means of fast action

Colds can overtake each of us when it is completely unacceptable to get sick. When you want to be as focused and full of energy as you can, suddenly begins to flow from your nose, to stifle your throat. They are followed by sneezing, cough, accompanied by weakness, high fever. In this situation, urgent measures are required. A cold remedy will put you on your feet in time.

How to quickly cure a cold at home

The key to quick healing is the application of all necessary measures at the first alarm bell. If the disease has arisen for obvious reasons, due to inattention to immunity or hypothermia, and the symptoms are not exposure to the influenza virus, you can use the following tips on home treatment and cold remedies actions.

1. Measure the temperature. If the mark on the scale did not reach 38 degrees, then antipyretics for colds should not be drunk.
2. Vitamin C. At the onset of the disease, a large dose of ascorbic acid will be an effective aid to the body for colds for a speedy recovery. The best option is an effervescent vitamin - quickly absorbed and warms. Five oranges a day will be a natural alternative to pills or capsules and will help to cure colds.
3. Drink plenty of water, tea, compotes, fruit drinks. They must necessarily be warm, it will help to remove toxins, which is important for a cold.
4. As much as possible sleep. After drinking a warm drink and climbing under the blanket, putting on warm socks and clothes, sleep as much as possible. Sweating with sleep is an important element of recovery for a cold. Better to comply with hospital bed rest. The room should be often ventilated.
5. Warm up. If the heat is not observed, you can get your feet stuck and take a hot shower.
6. Take the vitamins. Such support will be useful to the body for colds. It's best if he gets it from fruit, but if it's not possible, they should replace the dragee from the pharmacy.
7. Medicines for the treatment of colds. Suitable funds for a cold flu, sold in the form of diluted teas, powders, which should be poured into hot water. Within a day it is permissible to use three or four such bags, but the course should not last more than three days. Powders from cold with "Paracetamol" reduce temperature, eliminate chills, have anti-inflammatory effect. The treatment will help immunostimulating drugs. Antiviral medications for colds and influenza contribute to the destruction of the infection. If the disease drags on, go to the injections of the antibiotic.
8. Remedies for a cold, cough and sore throat. If the sky hurts, then you can choose either candy, or potions, solutions for rinsing and spraying. With a runny nose will help to cope with drops, among which it is better to choose not powerful vasoconstrictors, but medicines that have grasses in their composition. A solution of sea salt will be useful for washing the nose. With a cold, sputum is often not produced, therefore, the usual cough stopping means will suffice. If sputum in the bronchi still appeared, you should use the means that withdraw it.
9. Consumption of liquid. Warm tea, compote or juice contribute to perspiration and recovery, while toxins are eliminated, preventing the body from fighting a cold. Ordinary water will not be the most optimal means, and carbonated drinks will not help recovery. Drink follows as much as you feel necessary, not overpowering yourself.
10. Vodka. Alcohol should be slightly warmed and rub it all over the body. This tool will help to quickly remove heat.

List of the best drugs for influenza and colds of a new generation

Today, several classes of drugs are recommended:

1. Arbidol, Oseltamivir, Amiksin, Viferon, Otsilokoktsinum, Ingavirin, Kagocel, Anaferon (antiviral).
2. "Teraflu "Koldreks "Ferveks "Antigrippin "Grippferon "Anvimax" (febrifuge and relieve the pain in the throat, against the flu and ARVI)
3. "Acetylcysteine "Ambroxol "Bromgexin "Carbocysteine" (expectorants)
4. "Butamirat "Glaucin "Prenoxdiazin "Ledvropropizin" (means for dry coughing).
5. "Paracetamol "Ibuprofen "Aspirin" (antipyretic drugs).
6. Drops on the basis of xylometazoline, naphazoline (vasoconstrictive in the common cold).

Overview of fast-acting remedies against colds on the lips

Colds that occur on the lips are often herpes - the Herpes Simplex virus, which is found in 95 percent of the world's population. Once in the body, it exists unnoticed and "turns on" when the human body is weakened by hypothermia, lack of vitamins, nutrients or other diseases. There are many effective ointments for fighting herpes. These funds should be applied to the affected areas of the cold several times a day, the course - no more than 5 days.

Do not use your fingers when applying the product because of the risk of transferring the virus to another location. Among the common names of ointments for colds in the ranking of the best can be noted "Acyclovir "Gerpferon "Zovirax "Gerpevir". The main active substance in them is acyclovir, which prevents the reproduction of the virus. There are ointments based on tromantadine, such as Viru-Merz.

What antiviral drugs can children take?

When a child develops symptoms of ARVI and if for some reason the doctor is not available, measures should be taken to fight the disease in order to avoid complications. If after all simple means have been tested, the disease does not recede, you will have to resort to antiviral drugs, but only those that are specifically designed for children. Acceptable are "Tamiflu "Remantadin "Relenza "Amantadine".

If the bronchitis occurs in infants, then "Ribavirin" will help, and if the child's body is weakened or have heart problems, the Sinagis remedy will be the best choice. "Tamiflu" is acceptable for children at the age of one year, tablets from the flu "Arbidol" can be given from three years. "Interferon" for the solution is used at any age, like homeopathic preparations, such as Aflubin, Anaferon, Otsilokoktsinum. To lower the body temperature, "Paracetamol" or syrups "Nurofen "Ibuprofen" are suitable.

Effective folk remedies and herbs

1. Blackberry tea. Grind the dried leaves of blackberries (1 tablespoon), pour boiling water, after a couple of hours strain. Drink 30 minutes before eating. A good remedy against coughing.
2. Herbs (cough remedy). One tablespoon of leaves of wild strawberry, raspberries, three tablespoons of blackberry leaves, a dry shredded violet tricolor (1 tsp). All this must be mixed, use a tablespoon of the composition for a glass of boiling water, let it brew in a closed form for half an hour, drain. Reception: a couple of times a day by a glass.
3. Potatoes. This vegetable will help bring down the temperature. Rub two raw potatoes on a grater, mix with a tablespoon of vinegar (apple). Use the mixture to make compresses on the forehead.
4. Kalina and honey. A mild remedy for colds and colds. Mix one tablespoon of viburnum juice and honey, take half an hour before meals.
5. Nettle, sage and Schisandra. Herbal collection is good for colds and flu. Mix dry crushed nettle leaves (3 tablespoons), as many shoots of Chinese magnolia and sage (1 tablespoon). Pour a teaspoon of the composition with a glass of boiling water, after a couple of hours strain. Reception: one glass in the morning and evening. If desired, you can add honey.

What means is inexpensive and effective for the prevention of colds

Very often a cold in an adult appears as a result of a weakening of the immune system. The impact of external factors, malnutrition, lack of vitamins can lead to loss of effectiveness of the immune system and increase the likelihood of entry into the body of infections. To avoid this, interferon inducers can be used. They will ensure the production of natural protection by the body, which will allow it to successfully resist colds. This type of drugs include:

• Arbidol;
• "Cycloferon
• «Amiksin».

It is necessary to support the body with vitamins. For the prevention of colds will help "Vetoron "Gerimaks "Aevit." Preparations that help to cope with the impact of the environment - adaptogens - include extracts of magnolia vine, eleutherococcus, leuzea. Immunomodulating, such as "Bioaron C "Immunal" "Likopid will help restore strength to immunity, will be useful for the prevention of colds and flu.

Antiviral drugs used to prevent colds, help to give the body additional strength in the fight against pathogens. The best are "Grippferon "Viferon "Arbidol "Amiksin". Do not forget about honey, vitamin C - they will not allow the development of colds. Echinacea is a cheap, simple remedy. More rest, give up cigarettes and do not forget about the seasonal intake of vitamins.

Video: what to do with the first signs of a cold

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