Among eye pathologies paralytic strabismus is not found very often. It can occur in both adults and children. This form of strabismus can be congenital or acquired and arises from the paralysis of the nerves or muscles that control the movement of the eye. Usually this strabismus manifests itself only on one eye.
Content
1Definition of disease
2Causes
3Symptoms
4Possible complications
5Treatment
6Prevention
7Video
8conclusions
Definition of disease
Strabismus is caused by a violation of the functions of the visual muscles, with a shift in the visual axes. This pathology, if not corrected in time, can cause a serious visual impairment.A person with such a defect turns out to be incapable of doing most of the work. In some cases, with this pathology, they are given a disability group. A small constant displacement of the eye in any direction does not interfere with the work, but is cosmetic defect, so women readily agree to the elimination of this visual impairment by any methods.
Timely elimination of this pathology excludes the possibility of further deterioration of vision.
Paralytic strabismus almost never happens in children, because this defect is inherited very rarely and it can appear in the child only as a result of birth trauma.Diagnosis of this pathology is not very difficult, but the ophthalmologist should determine the angle of strabismus, the evaluation of the field of vision and, most importantly, find out which muscles require surgical correction. The following methods are used for this:
illumination of the eye with an ophthalmoscope and determination of the angle in the reflected light;
evaluation of binocular vision with synoptophore;
Determination of the deflection angle by a prism compensator.
To assess the violation of binocular vision, a multipoint color test is also used. In order to accurately divide the field of view of the right and left organ of vision, coordiometry is applied. After the ophthalmologist has revealed a paralytic strabismus, the patient, without fail, is examined by a neurologist.
Causes
Paralytic strabismus in adulthood can arise for several reasons:
eye trauma;
diseases affecting the central nervous system and directly the eye nerve (atrophy, stagnant disc);
toxic lesions;
suppurative inflammation;
different types of tumors.
Paralytic lesions can affect horizontal, vertical and oblique muscles, and lesions can also occur in the nervous system.
In the list of causes of strabismus in the first place are eye injuries.Statistics show that more than 80% of the onset of this pathology is caused by industrial or household causes.
Failure to comply with safety regulations can lead not only to eye injuries, but also to a complete loss of vision.
In adulthood, diseases of the nervous system are very painful, therefore, when accurately identifying the causes of paralytic strabismus, it is very important to undergo a checkup with a neurologist.Some types of toxins can also cause paralysis of the eye muscles or disrupt the conductivity of nerve fibers.
Symptoms
With paralytic strabismus, the main symptom that is easily noticeable even in superficial examination is the displacement of the eyeball.With horizontal strabismus pupil is displaced to the left or to the right, and with vertical strabismus - upwards or downwards. WhereinThe image splits and becomes vague because the binocularity of the view is broken.In addition, the following symptoms occur:
the eye does not move at all or the movement is limited;
image doubling;
visible displacement of the patient's head in the direction of the affected muscle;
dizziness;
eye pain.
Dividing a picture occurs when the object is viewed with two eyes. Each eye separately sees the image quite clearly, but as soon as the patient opens the second eye, the image splits due to the misalignment of the optical axes.Bending his head, the patient tries to compensate for the double image and this is clearly visible to the ophthalmologist. Due to the fact that a defocused picture enters the brain, a person with paralytic strabismus has attacks of dizziness and imbalance.
If there was complete paralysis of all visual muscles, the eye becomes completely immobile and the lower eyelid descends. Most often, paralytic strabismus causes paralysis of the external rectus muscle.Correction of this defect is possible only with the help of a surgical operation.
All symptoms, such as dizziness, headache or tinnitus should always be told to the doctor.
Possible complications
Any adult person is able to determine the presence of an ocular pathology in a double image, which unexpectedly arose for no apparent reason, and immediately turn to an ophthalmologist. Somewhat more difficult is the case with young children who do not yet know how to express their thoughts correctly. Especially with congenital paralytic strabismus the child has never seen the correct picture of the world and can believe that everyone sees just like him. Therefore a visit to the ophthalmologist is mandatory at the earliest age.Not eliminated strabismus can progress and lead to severe consequences. In some cases, the brain can completely "turn off" the defective eye.
Treatment
First of all, you need to undergo a complete examination.Since paralytic strabismus can be a consequence of a disease, steps are being taken to eliminate this cause. In parallel, an ophthalmologist may prescribe some procedures that can be considered preparations for a surgical intervention:
electrostimulation of the eye muscles;
exposure to low-frequency currents;
acupuncture.Electrostimulation of the nasal muscles with strabismus
Preparatory period with the use of physiotherapeutic procedures can last from six months to one year.Only after this ophthalmologist can recommend eye surgery. The surgical intervention consists in weakening or tightening the corresponding eye muscle. After that, the vision organ occupies the right position, and all its functions are completely restored. Paralytic strabismus can only be corrected by surgery. Medications are indicated for the treatment of the underlying disease.There are rare cases when eye surgery is impossible for any reason. In this case, the ophthalmologist selects special prismatic glasses for the patient, which allows to restore the binocularity of vision.
Gymnastics with strabismus of this kind can also be useless for the damaged eye, but it will help to maintain a healthy body in a normal state.
Correction of paralytic strabismus surgically is a painless operation with a minimal period of rehabilitation.
Prevention
The only measure of prevention from traumatic lesions of the eye is strict adherence to safety rules.This applies to both professional activities and domestic work. Do not underestimate eye gymnastics, which can significantly reduce the consequences caused by diseases of the nervous system and other organs that negatively affect the visual function.
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First of all, eyesight should be protected. Children from a very young age should be warned against dangerous games and pranks that can lead to eye injuries. Persons over 40 years of age are recommended to visit the ophthalmologist at least once a year. The slightest signs of visual impairment should be the reason for visiting the eye cabinet.
Also read about friendly strabismus and what is lazy eye syndrome.
