Symptoms and methods of treatment of keratitis

One of the most dangerous diseases of the eye is keratitis. Its peculiarity is that it can be of a different nature. Before starting treatment, it is important to understand exactly the cause of the pathological process. For treatment, a physician can choose operational or conservative methods.

Definition of disease

Keratitis is a disease characterized by inflammation of the cornea of ​​the eye.It can be bacterial or viral. Very rarely diagnose fungal keratitis.

Keratitis is a serious disease that requires emergency medical care.

In severe cases, patients can be hospitalized to carry out complex anti-inflammatory therapy.Its goal is to prevent the penetration of infection deep into the tissues of the organ of vision.

Clinically, keratitis is a violation of the transparency of the cornea.Inflammation is the basis of inflammation. This is the accumulation of cellular elements in the corneal tissue. These include leukocytes, histiocytes and lymphocytes.

Clinical manifestation of keratitis

Causes

Taking into account the cause, which could provoke inflammation, allergic, traumatic, fungal, viral, herpetic and bacterial keratitis are isolated.

Each of them has its own reasons for development:

1. Allergic. It is very similar to allergic conjunctivitis. It occurs as a result of penetration of the allergen into the eye mucosa. Allergic keratitis of severe form can affect the anterior and posterior parts of the eye, resulting in sclerosis of the membrane.
2. Bacterial.Its development is influenced by bacteria that penetrate the eyes. Most often it is Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacterial keratitis is formed due to non-compliance with the rules for the care of contact lenses. Another pathogenic microflora can be transmitted through the hands, so that a person can become infected with a decrease in local immunity of the mucous organ of vision.
3. Traumatic.Its development is affected by trauma to the eye and its further infection. Trauma can be mechanical, chemical and thermal.
4. Fungal. It develops as a result of infection with parasitic fungi. Diagnosis of such keratitis is poor, resulting in treatment is erroneous, and the lesion penetrates into the deep layers of the cornea with further complication.

In addition to the keratitis species presented, doctors can still diagnose the viral form of the disease, including the herpes virus.The inflammatory process of the viral nature is often deep and affects all layers of the cornea, forming a deep thorn.

Symptoms

Practically for all types of keratitis is characterized by symptomatology, which is not much different.The patient has the following clinical picture:

• pain of varying severity;
• photophobia, which develops into natural and artificial light;
• sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eyes;
• redness;
• involuntary movement of the eyelids, arising due to irritation of the trigeminal nerve receptors.

With any form of keratitis, corneal opacity occurs. If the inflammatory process has touched only the superficial layers of the cornea, then it can resolve more easily, leaving no traces.

If there is deep keratitis, then turbidity leads to the development of a thorn and a decrease in visual acuity.The haze may be yellow, gray, pink or white. It has no sharp edges and the same size.

Possible complications

After a keratitis on a corneal layer there is a cicatrix which negatively influences visual acuity.So it is necessary to immediately consult a doctor at the slightest symptomatology. Otherwise, it can lead to extensive damage to the corneal layer, resulting in blindness.

Scars on the corneal layer after keratitis

Treatment with medication

If you perform keratitis therapy in a hospital, its goal is to delay the development of the pathogen, increase local and general immunity, improve metabolism and restore the cornea.

First of all antiviral agents are introduced into the treatment regimen. They are presented in the form of drops. Drip them every 5-10 minutes. Prescribe the following drugs:

• solutions of idoxuridine (kerecid),
• ,% solution of deoxyribonuclease in a 3% solution of magnesium sulfate.

After the subsidence of acute events occurs, the amount of burial should be reduced to 6-8 times a day.

Eye drops "Oftan Idu" (solution of idoxuridine)

Still can be appointed:

1. Interferon in the form of drops. It drip 4-5 times a day.
2. , 5% Florenoic% tebrofenovaya, or 5% oxolin ointment.

If there are no improvements after 7-10 days, the doctor replaces the antiviral drug.

In the treatment of keratitis it is useful to use immunomodulators.They can be in the form of drops - Pyrogenal and injections - Poludan and Polyacrylamide.

Therapy of keratitis will include mydriatic remedies, and with the addition of a secondary infection, antibiotics - Tetracycline or Erythromycin ointment.To sulfanilamidnym drugs should include 30% solution of Sulfacil Sodium, 10% solution of sulfapiridazine.

Tetracycline ointment is a bacteriostatic antibacterial drug

Treatment of keratitis must necessarily include vitamins A, C, group B and nicotinic acid.Also in the complex therapy include anesthetic, antihistamine:

• Novocaine;
• Dibazol;
• Salicylates;
• Suprastin;
• Diphenhydramine;
• Tavegil.

Antihistamine "Tavegil"

Surgery

To carry out microsurgical intervention, the indication remains the expression of the cornea. Use for this can such techniques:

• microthermocoagulation;
• laser coagulation;
• cryoapplication of the defect.

If there is a sharp decrease in vision and cicatricial scarring of the cornea, then an excimer laser procedure for the removal of superficial scars or keratoplasty is prescribed.If keratitis occurred against the background of secondary glaucoma, then surgical or laser treatment of glaucoma is indicated. In severe form of keratitis, enucleation of the eyeball can be used.

Excimer laser procedure for removal of superficial scars

Folk remedies

Completely cure keratitis with non-traditional methods of medicine is not possible, so that they are used in combination with medications.Such recipes remain effective:

• Sea buckthorn oil. This process instantly eliminates the symptoms of the pathological process - pain and photophobia. In the first days to drip for 1-2 drops at intervals of 1 hour, and after 3 hours. Use this method can even patients with severe pathology.
• Chistel juice.Take the juice of the herb and combine it with a water extract of propolis in the following proportions:. Apply with suppuration of 2-3 drops. Carry out the procedure before bedtime. With a pronounced form of irritation, tingle the drops with a small amount of water extract of propolis.

• Aloe juice.Take a few fresh leaves of the plant, wash and put in the refrigerator for 7-10 days. Then squeeze the juice, filter and send it to a glass container. Add 1 grain to the mummy. To drip a solution two eyes on 1 drop in day. Starting from the second month of therapy, you can already use pure juice without a mummy.
• Lycra.Infusion of the lice can be dripped into the eyes if the cornea becomes turbid. Apply 2 drops once a day.
• Propolis.If there is viral keratitis, burn and injury to the cornea, then you can drip 1% aqueous extract of propolis 1 drop 4-10 times a day. With the help of this tool you can relieve pain, photophobia, lacrimation. The course of therapy will be 4-6 weeks. Then you can take a break for 2 weeks.

Prevention

To prevent the development of keratitis, the following simple recommendations should be observed:

1. Adhere to simple rules of personal hygiene when wearing contact lenses.
2. Protect the tissues of the organ of vision from trauma, the penetration of chemicals.
3. Timely treat conjunctivitis, dacryocystitis, blepharitis, immunodeficiency states and other pathologies that lead to the development of keratitis.

If you can not avoid keratitis, then it is necessary at the initial stage of its development to comply with all the prescriptions of the doctor, take regular medications, drip the eye preparations. This will be an excellent prophylaxis for the progression of the disease.

Video

conclusions

Keratitis is a dangerous disease that, if not properly treated, can lead to severe complications in the form of blindness.It is unacceptable to resort to independent treatment, as it is necessary to know precisely the cause of the development of pathology and to direct all efforts to eliminate it. And you can do this only after passing the diagnosis.