From this article you will learn: that correctly rendered first aid for bleeding contributes to the survival of the victim;what kind of help should be given with strong or small bleeding;on the types of bleeding;how to properly help in those or other cases.
Contents of the article:
Four main types of
bleeding 1. First aid for arterial hemorrhage
2. Assisting with bleeding from vein
3. First aid for capillary bleeding
4. Assistance for internal bleeding
Types of bleeding When injuring large arteries andveins can lead to life-threatening blood loss. Therefore, it is necessary to stop the blood in the shortest possible time and immediately call forth emergency help. With small damage to blood vessels, it is also very important to stop blood flow in a timely manner. Even with a slight but continuing loss of blood, a person is able to lose consciousness.
Incorrectly delivered first aid can cause harm to the victim, namely: great blood loss, infection and inflammation of the wound.
If the bleeding is not very strong, after the help is also urgently needed to contact the surgeon, since the blood loss can be finally stopped only after the wound is wound and wounded or surgery is performed. Depending on the source of bleeding, it may also be necessary to consult a narrow specialist such as: gastroenterologist, oncologist, pulmonologist, gynecologist.
Briefly about first aid:
- If the bleeding is severe, the injured person should be laid and raised his legs.
- Temporarily stopping blood can be by clamping a damaged vessel or strongly bending a limb or applying a tourniquet.
- Immediately call for first aid.
- Do not touch the wound, do not wash, remove foreign bodies from it.
- If the wound surface is dirty, its edges should be cleaned away from the wound;around the damage apply antiseptic such as iodine, chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide;iodine should not enter the wound.
Four main types of bleeding
Depending on the source, the following main types of bleeding are distinguished:
- Bleeding from the arteries is a great danger, because the loss of a significant mass of blood quickly occurs. This blood is scarlet and beats in the form of a pulsating fountain.
- Bleeding from the veins is also dangerous if the victim does not provide assistance in a timely manner. It is evidenced by the appearance of dark blood slowly flowing from the injured vessel.
- Capillary hemorrhage, often does not present a serious danger. It is observed more often with small superficial damage to the skin.
- Internal( parenchymal) - with it, blood flows into the body cavity of a person. It is very dangerous in case of late recognition. It is often observed with injuries of internal organs, including parenchymal ones. As the blood does not flow outward, it can be established, basically, on such signs as frequent breathing, fainting, blanching.
1. First aid for arterial bleeding
A damaged artery should be immediately squeezed to the bone passing next to it to temporarily stop the blood.
Methods of pressing arteries:
- Sleepy artery - press the palm to the back of the victim's neck and press the fingers of the other hand on the artery.
- The brachial artery is easily accessible, it should be pressed to the humerus.
- It is difficult to stop the blood from the subclavian artery. For this it is necessary to take the victim's hand back and press the artery, located behind the clavicle, to the first rib.
- The axillary artery should be strongly pressed with fingers to squeeze, because it is located quite deep.
- The femoral artery is very large, it needs to be pressed against the femur by the fist. If this is not done, after 2-3 minutes the victim may die.
- The popliteal artery must be pressed in the fossa that has been fossilized, for which no special effort is required.
Location of some arteries on the human body and the place of their stopping 
The areas on the human body that supply blood to the arteries and the places where they need to be squeezed when bleeding The first medical aid for bleeding from the arteries of the limbs is produced by squeezing them, strongly flexing the limb and applying a tourniquet. If you can not squeeze the vessel limbs with your fingers, you must maximize the bend of the limb, first putting on the joint from the inside a thick roller of gauze.
If the blood continues to flow, it is necessary to apply a tourniquet. It must be given quickly, because the blood flows very intensely.
The harness can be held for up to half an hour in the winter and up to an hour in the summer. If the doctor does not arrive within the specified period of time, slowly remove the tourniquet and wait until blood circulation is restored. After that, reapply it. In this case, the pulse on the injured limb should not be probed. Then the blood will stop.
It should be remembered that the tourniquet, if incorrectly applied, presents a greater danger than bleeding itself.
If there is no special harness, it can be replaced with materials such as a towel, belt, bandage. They are twisted with a stick, and fix it to avoid unwinding. Laces, thin rope and similar materials can not be used.
2. Assisting with bleeding from the vein
Such blood loss can occur with deep injuries. Provision of first aid for venous bleeding is carried out immediately. Traumatic veins can suck in air because the pressure in them is below atmospheric pressure. In this case, air bubbles can clog the blood vessels in various organs, which can lead to the death of the victim.
When assisting the wound, do not rinse, cleanse contamination and clots. It is necessary to do the following:
- with a damp cloth it is necessary to clean the skin in the direction from the wound;
- Deep damage close with a sterile swab;
- then cover the wound surface with several layers of sterile bandage;
- put on it an unfolded bandage to ensure pressure;
- this bandage should be bandaged very tightly;
- when blood is seeping through the bandage it is necessary to put on top of the napkin and tightly bandage them;
- raise the limb and leave it in this position.
In order to correctly apply a bandage, it is necessary:
- When bandaging a hand, it must be bent.
- If the foot is bandaged, it must also be bent at the knee.
- When overlaying the bandage halfway cover his previous turn.
- The position of the bandaged limb should be left the same as it was before bandaging.
Dressing for venous bleeding 3. First aid for capillary bleeding
It often stops on its own. Characteristic is the slow leakage of blood from the entire wound surface. However, there are serious injuries, accompanied by significant blood loss. The greatest danger is represented by internal capillary bleeding.
The main causes of bleeding from the capillaries:
- Diseases of the blood, accompanied by a violation of its coagulation.
- Various traumatic injuries.
- Vascular diseases( tumors, purulent inflammation of the skin, affecting the capillaries).
- Common diseases affecting the walls of vessels such as neoplasms, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis.
- Hormonal disorders.
More often capillary bleeding does not cause a large loss of blood, its danger lies in infection with pathogenic microbes.
When providing medical care for bleeding from capillaries of extremities, the following actions should be performed:
- Raise the damaged limb above the heart area, which helps reduce blood loss.
- For minor injuries, it is necessary to treat the skin around the wound with antiseptics. Top with a bactericidal plaster.
- If the blood goes badly, you need to apply a pressure bandage.
- With very high blood flow, it is necessary to maximally bend the limb above the wound. If this does not work, apply a tourniquet.
- Apply cold to the wound, which will help stop blood loss and reduce pain.
When bleeding from the numerous capillaries of the nose, which is quite common, also need to be able to help. The cause of this may be a weakening of the vessel wall for colds. It can also contribute to the hypertensive crisis, traumatic nasal injuries and other negative factors. First you need to calm the patient, because when a person worries, his heart beats more often, which increases the bleeding.
Stages of assisting with nasal bleeding:
- It is necessary to press the wings of the nose with your fingers, it helps squeeze the bleeding vessels and stop the blood. The head of the patient should be slightly tilted forward, and not thrown back, because it can not control the intensity of blood loss.
- Apply ice or a cold object to the bridge of the nose, so that the coldness reduces the blood vessels. This will help reduce bleeding.
- If the flow of blood continues, in the nasal passages, you must insert the pieces of bandage, folded in a tube, previously moistened with 3% hydrogen peroxide. The ends of these tampons are left outside and fixed with a bandage.
- Six hours after stopping blood very carefully remove the tampons, after moistening their tips, trying not to tear off the formed thrombus.
- To quickly stop blood, the patient should be given a medicine that strengthens the walls of blood vessels - calcium preparations, Ascorutin, Rutin.
- If blood loss continues, the patient should be given a hemostatic medicine( Dicinon, Vikasol), and urgently call an otolaryngologist or call an emergency.
Correct position of the head for stopping nasal bleeding 4. First aid for internal bleeding
Such bleeding can cause diseases or trauma to the internal organs. It is very insidious, because the loss of blood can not be controlled. Also, there is no pain syndrome signaling the danger, so internal bleeding can go unnoticed for a long time. And only when the patient's condition deteriorates sharply, this is paid attention.
The most dangerous of bleedings is the flow of blood from the parenchymal organs, which usually do not have a cavity, and in which the arterial-venous network is well developed. These include organs such as the lungs, pancreas, liver.
Damage to these organs can cause severe bleeding. Independently, it can not stop, because the vessels of these organs are fixed in tissues, and can fall off. Therefore, first aid for bleeding from the parenchymal organs is carried out immediately. The causes of this type of blood loss are traumas, infectious diseases such as tuberculosis;disintegration or rupture of tumors.
Bleeding from the internal organs may be accompanied by the gradual emergence of general subjective symptoms and objective symptoms, namely:
- weakness;
- poor health;
- dizziness;
- fainting;
- lack of interest in everything;
- drowsiness;
- pressure drop;
- blanching;
- frequent pulse.
The main task of first aid for bleeding from internal organs is urgent hospitalization of the patient. Before the ambulance arrives, it is necessary:
- To lay the patient, to ensure peace.
- Apply cold to the stomach or to the chest, depending on the source of the alleged bleeding.
- You can enter haemostatic drugs( aminocaproic acid, Vikasol).
In case of parenchymal hemorrhage with a sharp decrease in pressure, it is necessary to raise the patient's legs above the heart area by about thirty to forty centimeters. Control your breathing and heartbeat all the time. If necessary, carry out resuscitation. The patient should not give painkillers, nor any other medications. Food and water should not be given, it is permissible to rinse the mouth with water.
With fast and correct first aid in case of different types of bleeding, the forecast is favorable, rapid first aid will facilitate faster recovery of the victim.
