Spasm of accommodation: causes, symptoms, treatment, ICD code 10

The era of computerization has brought with it a number of characteristic pathologies: osteochondrosis, obesity, cardiovascular diseases and, of course, eye diseases. Constant sitting in front of the computer, starting from childhood, leads to the occurrence of false myopia - illness of children and young people. Scientific name - spasm of accommodation, and its development occurs with prolonged strain on the eyes.

Definition of disease

The disease has a code for the International Classification of Diseases H 52. 5. The section is called "disturbance of accommodation"."Accommodation" is translated as "accommodation".With respect to the eye, accommodation means the possibility of the same visual acuity at different distances.

The human eye is the most perfect optical device, which makes it possible to distinguish images both near and far. This effect is achieved due to the ability of the lens to change its shape.

However, this ability is based on the plasticity of the ciliary muscle and ligaments, with which the lens is attached to the ciliary body.If the muscles freeze in one static position, then the convexity of the lens does not change, and a person is able to see only at close range.

The disease appears when the ciliary muscle overstrains, resulting in false myopia. A false disease is called because timely treatment can slow down the process and correct vision until complete recovery.

Causes

The disease occurs due to a number of reasons of a different nature. Therefore, spasm in diagnosis is classified into several groups:

• Physiological.It can occur as a response to visual overload in persons who already have eye pathologies (astigmatism or uncorrected farsightedness). Treatment of this type of disease consists in choosing the glasses appropriate for the situation;
• Artificial.It is observed in some patients with the use of preparations-myotics (Phosphacol, Eserin, Pilocarpine, etc.). It does not require special treatment, because vision is restored after drug withdrawal;
• Pathological.With the development of this species there is a change in refraction (the process of refraction of light rays) and reduced visual acuity.

Most often, spasm of a pathological type is observed, and also in a mixture with physiological ones. Pathological spasm develops under the influence of the following factors:

• Prolonged eye strain(poor lighting in class, excessive attention to the TV and computer);
• Absence of a regime: walking in the fresh air, adequate sleep, gymnastics and exercises for the eyes;
• Not suitable for the child in size table and chair;
• Weak muscles of the back and cervical region;
• Close distance from the book being read to the eyes(less than 30 cm);
• Unbalanced diet, lack of sufficient vitamins in the diet.

The cause of the development of the disease can be any deviations in health associated with injuries in the eye, circulatory disorders, pathologies of the spine.

Symptoms

The main symptom of the changes that have started is rapid eye fatigue. If at a constant load the qualitative and quantitative indicators begin to deteriorate (the duration of the voltage, proximity to the object, the emergence of unpleasant sensations), this indicates the need for a thorough examination of ophthalmologist.

Possible symptoms include:

• Sensation of "sand in the eyes
• The appearance of a network of blood vessels on the eyes;
• Blurred image when viewed near;
• Headache;
• Increased fatigue, which can be mistaken for the symptoms of another disease.

Such a state in the absence of attention can last from several months to several years and grow into a permanent short-sightedness, which will no longer be possible to reverse.

Possible complications

In addition to worsening of the general condition, constant fatigue, irritability, decreased ability to see objects on the far distance, spasm of accommodation when ignored can lead to an irreversible consequence - reduced visual acuity and persistent myopia.

Myopia (myopia) is a condition when the image is formed not in the retina of the eye, but in front of it. As a result, objects at a distant distance take a blurred outline.

If you do not start treating false nearsight in time, then reversible changes in the functioning of the eye can become permanent and you or your child will always use glasses or contact lenses if you want to consider something in the distance.

Treatment

For correct treatment, you must correctly diagnose. Therefore, if vision begins to deteriorate, one should not engage in self-medication, and even more so treat the child himself.For the diagnosis, in the first place, the data of the anamnesis are collected, and also the genetic predisposition is determined (whether relatives have eye diseases).

After this, the following examinations are possible: visometry, cycloplegia, ultrasonic biometry, pachymetry, etc.

In addition to purely eye examinations, it is necessary to visit a therapist (pediatrician) and a neuropathologist in order to establish the root causes of pathology.

Medication Therapy

Treatment of the disease is always carried out in a complex way and involves exposure to several directions:

• Reception of eye drops of atropines(dilating the pupil). Their effect is based on relaxing the ciliary muscles, which leads to the removal of spasm. However, this measure is temporary, and spasm can return. The second group of drugs used is myotics, they have the opposite effect and are aimed at reducing the eye muscles;
• Hardware treatmentis carried out with the help of special apparatuses: an electrostimulator, a chromosomal stimulator, a simulator-relaxator "Visotronic a laser abdomen, etc. ;
• Alternative methods: acupuncture, therapeutic massage, manual therapy.

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Long-term, but more sustainable, methods include:

• Exercises for the eyes, allowing to strengthen the ciliary muscle;
• Regular exercise(in particular, swimming);
• Massage(has a general strengthening and therapeutic effect, since often false myopia occurs as a result of problems with the spine);
• Compliance with eye hygiene:good lighting, correct distance to the eyes, exclusion of reading lying or in transport, protection from contamination and overwork;
• Balanced diet:the use of products rich in carotene (carrots, dried apricots, persimmons) and vitamin C (currant, lemons, Bulgarian pepper).

One of the main conditions for preserving and restoring vision are proportionate eye strain. If you or your child feel uncomfortable with the usual daily processes, review the regime of the day and be sure to visit a doctor.

Folk remedies

Treatment at home reduces to the regular performance of various sets of exercises for the eyes, which can restore the functionality of the ciliary muscle and restore visual acuity.

In addition, children from the age of 3 are allowed to wear sidorenko glasses - a special device, the use of which is possible at home. The procedure is conducted daily no more than 10 minutes. a few hours before bedtime.The course of treatment is appointed by the attending physician.

In parallel, it is recommended to include foods that contain vitamins for the eyes.Blueberry is an excellent effect for restoring eyesight.It is best to eat fresh berries, but jam is also a curative effect. Even the juice diluted in water in a proportion of 1: 2 and doused in the eyes (5 drops every morning), has a noticeable positive effect in a week.

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To improve vision, pine needles, Chinese magnolia vine, nettle leaves, dog rose, marigold, honey and other natural ingredients are used.

Only folk recipes can not fully restore sight. As with drug therapy, treatment should combine a set of effects: proper nutrition, exercise, minimal stress.

Prevention

To prevent further development of the disease, as well as for the prevention of spasm of accommodation, it is recommended to constantly pay attention to preventive measures:

• Avoid overloading the eyes. If you or your child is sitting at a computer, every 30 minutes. take a break;
• To observe the hygiene of sight. Sufficient lighting for the workplace. The best option is an incandescent lamp of 75 W, if the lamp is fluorescent - it should have 300 lux. Preferably the lamp is luminescent;
• Refuse from visual loadsat high t;
• Do exercises for the eyeswith signs of fatigue: blink, rotate eyes, squeeze and unclench eyelids, reduce eyes to the nose, change focus (look alternately at near and distant objects).

Often the cause of spasm of accommodation in children is scoliosis and osteochondrosis. Therefore, in parallel, prevent these diseases.

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conclusions

The development of the disease can occur gradually, with minor symptoms. Often the common signs of accommodation spasm remain unaddressed, since they are accepted for general body fatigue. And when a visual impairment is detected, it can be problematic to fix it.

Detection of pathology in the early stages suggests a favorable prognosis and a complete cure. And first of all, special attention should be given to the overall strengthening of the body, proper nutrition and regulation of the daily routine. This will help restore vision and avoid many other health problems.

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