Hypermetropia of a mild degree: what it is and how it is treated

Hypermetropia, or hyperopia, as we are accustomed to call this disease, is one of the most common problems with vision.The reasons why there is hypermetropia, quite a lot, but they all lead to a decrease in vision. What is hyperopia and how it is treated we will tell you in detail later.

What it is

DIperometropia is a vision pathology characterized by the fact that the refractive index of the eye changes, and as a result, the image is focused behind the retina, and not on it, as it should be normal.Thus, with farsightedness, a person can clearly see objects that are far from the eyes.

In people with hypermetropia, the ocular axis may be shortened, or the cornea may have a weak refractive power.

Due to the presence of a well-developed accommodation, the farsighted people may not complain about poor vision. But with this pathology, the eyes often get tired and various inflammatory diseases appear.

Hyperopia is associated with the fact that the refractive power of the light rays is not great, so the rays that go from distant objects and pass through the eyes in parallel, do not converge on the retina, but behind it.Doctors suggest that hypermetropia is a congenital pathology of vision, but it can occur after removal of the lens or as a result of a diabetes mellitus.

The manifestation of hypermetropia and how it affects the structure of the eye

Hypermetropia of a mild degree (up to +2 diopters) manifests itself as an insignificant decrease in near vision.This farsightedness is difficult to diagnose, so over time the disease progresses, which leads to serious problems.For example, it becomes difficult for a person to read or work with small objects. The text and outlines of the subject become vague, and you have to increase the distance between the subject and the eyes.

A weak degree of hyperopia occurs in children, usually up to six or seven years. It is not very pronounced and can disappear with time, as the child's eyes develop, grow, and the optical force increases. Physiological hyperopia is a normal phenomenon.

Children for a long time may not notice the deterioration of vision, but there may be some discomfort, headaches and irritability.

Causes

The most common cause of hypermetropia is the shortened size of the eyeball.In addition, hyperopia can appear when the curvature of the lens is greater than the curvature of the cornea.

Two other problems are also associated with the lens. The first - the lens has a refractive power less than twenty diopters. And the second - the lens shifts its position back.

Age changes that begin after forty or fifty years, such as a decrease in accommodative capacity caused by a decrease in the elasticity of the lens, also lead to the development of hyperopia.

Symptoms

With farsightedness, the following symptoms can occur:

• The first signs are manifested in childhood.The child begins to learn worse, quickly becomes tired, the dream is broken.
• Working with objects that are at close range, a person can feel overexertion, fatigue of the eyes, headache, "sand" in the eyes.
• There may be convergent strabismus.It manifests itself constantly or from time to time.
• Conjunctivitis and blepharitis pass to a chronic degree.

Do not ignore these symptoms. With a low degree of hypermetropia, they will tell you about the presence of problems. Timely appeal to the ophthalmologist will help diagnose hyperopia and begin treatment.

Diagnostics

Hypermetropia can be diagnosed by a thorough examination.To do this, the visual acuity is checked on a special device called a phoropter.This can be done on the computer. Then the specialist measures the optical power of the cornea, makes measurements of the length of the eye.

In children and adolescents, hyperopia is detected by temporary disabling of accommodation capacity. To do this, atropine drips into the eye and the vision is checked on the phoropter.

Treatment

The simplest and safest way to treat and correct hypermetropia is glasses.Mainly using glasses correct the farsightedness in children. Unfortunately, glasses, despite their safety, have many drawbacks:

• They are easily dirty;
• They are fogging;
• They can fall and break;
• They are difficult to lead an active lifestyle.

In addition, glasses are limited to the side vision, and the perception of space is impaired.

With the help of glasses, one can not achieve a 100% vision correction with hypermetropia.

If the glasses are picked up incorrectly, the eyes will constantly overwork, and the disease will only progress. To correct sight at farsightedness it is possible and by means of contact lenses.

Visibility at hyperopia (hypermetropia)

Usually they are used for hypermetropia, which is accompanied by amblyopia. Lenses can be assigned to both children and adults.It should be remembered that the use of contact lenses may be accompanied by some inconveniences. For example, they can be felt before your eyes and bring discomfort.

As a result of wearing lenses, complications can arise: allergies, manifested by eye redness, infectious diseases caused by improper care and so on.

But despite this, contact lenses are a good and convenient alternative replacement of glasses for correcting hypermetropia.Hyperopia can be cured in yet another way - it's laser vision correction.This method is used to treat stable hypermetropia in persons over eighteen years of age.

Advantages of laser correction of hyperopia:

• The operation restores vision to normal.There is no need for additional means of vision correction.
• Independence from glasses and contact lenses.

For the treatment of hyperopia, the laser uses two technologies:

• 1. Photorefractive keratectomy- removal of the corneal tissue by evaporation.
  2. Laser keratomileus or LASIK- combining microsurgery and laser technology. It is considered the most effective and safe method of laser correction.

Complications

• Accommodative muscular asthenopia.It develops as a result of a constant excessive tension of accommodation, which leads to eye fatigue, the appearance of headaches and dizziness.
• Blepharitis.It arises from the wearing of incorrectly selected glasses or lenses, because of which there is a constant eye strain, the muscles of the eyelids spasmodic.
• Strabismus.It is a consequence of hypertrophy of the eye muscles or the use of only conservative treatment of hypermetropia.
• Amblyopia.This is the most serious complication that develops due to the fact that vision with farsightedness has not been corrected by glasses or lenses.

Prevention

To prevent the development of hypermetropia, you must protect your eyes from excessive strain. Therefore, when working with small objects or text, you need to create the right conditions:

1. Lighting should be sufficient to avoid annoying glare.Do not use fluorescent lights.
2. Breaks in work every thirty to forty minutes, during which you can sit with your eyes closed and relax, or do exercises for the eyes.

Additional methods of preventing hypermetropia - this is a general strengthening of the body (contrast shower, massage, etc.) and a healthy balanced diet.

Video

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conclusions

Hypermetropia of a weak degree is very difficult to diagnose on its own, but it is very important not to miss those very first nonspecific symptoms that have been described in this article. Timely appeal to the ophthalmologist will allow to start treatment as soon as possible and prevent the development of serious complications that can provoke farsightedness.

Also read about presbyopia: what is this?