Antibiotics for colds and flu: what's better for adults
People with medical education know for certain that antibiotics for colds and flu are ineffective, and they are not cheap and harmful.
And doctors in polyclinics and those who have just finished medical high school know it.
Nevertheless, antibiotics are prescribed for colds, and some patients recommend these medications for the prevention of infections.
With a common cold without antibiotics, it's best to get by. The patient must ensure:
- bed rest;
- abundant drinking;
- balanced nutrition with a high content of vitamins and minerals in food;
- if necessary, effective antipyretic tablets or injections;
- gargling;
- inhalation and rinsing of the nose;
- rubbing and compresses (only in the absence of temperature).
Perhaps, these procedures can treat cold treatment and limit it. But some patients persistently ask their doctor for a good antibiotic or a cheaper analogue.
It happens even worse, a sick person, in view of the fact that he does not have time to visit a polyclinic, begins self-treatment. The benefits of pharmacies in large cities today are every 200 meters. Such open access to medicines, as in Russia, is not found in any civilized state.
But for the sake of justice it should be noted that many pharmacies began to dispense antibiotics of a wide range of actions only on the prescription of a doctor. However, if you wish, you can always pity the pharmacist, referring to a severe illness or find a drugstore, which is much more important than the health of people.
Therefore, antibiotics for colds can be purchased without a prescription.
When should you take antibiotics for ARI and the flu?
In most cases, the common cold has a viral etiology, and viral infections are not treated with antibiotics. Tablets and injections of a wide spectrum of action are prescribed only in those cases when an attenuated organism has an infection that can not be defeated without antibacterial drugs. Such an infection can develop:
- in the nasal cavity;
- in the mouth;
- in bronchi and trachea;
- in the lungs.
In this situation, antibiotics for flu and cold are needed.
Laboratory methods of research, according to which you can judge the need to take antibacterial drugs, are not always appointed. Often polyclinics save sputum and urine on crops, explaining their policy by the fact that it is too expensive.Exceptions are swabs taken from the nose and throat with sore throat on Lefler's wand (causative agent of diphtheria), selective crops urine in diseases of the urinary tract and selective seeding of the detachable tonsils, which are taken for chronic tonsillitis.
Patients undergoing treatment in the hospital are much more likely to obtain laboratory confirmation of microbial infection. Changes in the clinical blood test are indirect signs of bacterial inflammation. Having received the results of the analysis, the doctor can proceed from the following indicators:
- ESR;
- number of leukocytes;
- an increase in segmented and stab-shaped leukocytes (a shift of the leukocyte formula to the left).
And yet antibiotics for colds doctors appoint very often. Here is an example of this, which is taken from the results of testing one child's medical institution. 420 outpatient cards of small patients from 1 to 3 years were analyzed. In 80% of cases, doctors diagnosed children with ARI, ARVI; acute bronchitis - 16%; otitis - 3%; pneumonia and other infections - 1%.
With pneumonia and bronchitis antibacterial therapy was prescribed in 100% of cases, but in 80% it was prescribed for both acute respiratory infections and inflammation of the upper respiratory tract.
And this despite the fact that the vast majority of doctors understand perfectly well that it is unacceptable to use antibiotics without infectious complications.
Why do doctors still prescribe antibiotics against influenza and colds? This happens for a number of reasons:
- reinsurance due to the early age of children;
- administrative settings;
- preventive measures to reduce complications;
- lack of desire to visit assets.
How can complications be determined without tests?
A doctor can determine by eye that an infection has become a cold:
- the color of the discharge from the nose, ears, eyes, bronchi and pharynx from transparent changes to dull yellow or poisonous-green;
- when a bacterial infection is attached, a second rise in temperature is usually observed, this is typical for pneumonia;
- the urine of the patient becomes cloudy, a sediment can be observed in it;
- in fecal masses there is pus, mucus or blood.
Complications that may occur after ARI are determined by the signs below.
- The situation is this: a person had an acute respiratory viral infection or a cold and was already recovering, when suddenly the temperature jumped to 39, increased cough, there was pain in the chest and shortness of breath - all these signs signal that there is a high probability of development pneumonia.
- If you suspect a sore throat and diphtheria, the temperature rises, throat pains intensify, tonsils appear on the tonsils, and lymph nodes increase on the neck.
- With an average otitis fluid is released from the ear, when pressing on the tragus in the ear there is a strong pain.
- Symptoms of sinusitis are manifested in this way: the patient has completely lost his sense of smell; In the forehead area there are severe pains that are worse when the head is tilted; the voice becomes nasal.
What antibiotics to drink for a cold?
Many patients ask the therapist this question. Antibiotics for colds should be selected, based on the following factors:
- localization of infection;
- the patient's age (for adults and children, his list of drugs);
- anamnesis;
- individual drug tolerance;
- the state of the immune system.
Sometimes broad-spectrum antibiotics are recommended for use against uncomplicated acute respiratory diseases.
Against some diseases of the blood: aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis.
With obvious signs of weakened immunity:
- a subfebrile condition;
- catarrhal and viral diseases more than five times a year;
- chronic inflammatory and fungal infections;
- HIV;
- congenital pathologies of the immune system;
- oncological diseases.
Children up to 6 months:
- against vaginal rickets;
- against lack of weight;
- against various malformations.
Taking antibiotics for colds is recommended for the following indications:
- Bacterial angina requires treatment with macrolides or penicillins.
- Purulent lymphadenitis is treated with a wide spectrum of action.
- Acute bronchitis, exacerbation of its chronic form, and laryngotracheitis bronchoectatic disease will require the appointment of macrolides. But it's better to do a chest X-ray, which will exclude pneumonia.
- With an acute average otitis, the doctor after the otoscopy makes a choice between cephalosporins and macrolides.
Azithromycin is an antibiotic for colds and flu
Azithromycin (another name Azimed) is an antibacterial preparation with a wide spectrum of action. The active substance of the drug is directed against protein synthesis of sensitive microorganisms. Azithromycin is rapidly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Peak action of the drug occurs two to three hours after admission.Azithromycin is rapidly distributed in biological fluids and tissues. Before you start taking pills it is better to test for the sensitivity of the microflora that provoked the disease. Adult Azithromycin should be taken once a day for an hour before meals or three hours after it.
- In case of infections of the respiratory tract, skin and soft tissues, a single dose of 500 mg is given on the first day of admission, and for three days the patient takes Azithromycin 250 mg per day.
- Against acute urinary tract infections, the patient should once take three tablets of Azithromycin once.
- Against the initial stage of Lyme disease, one tablet is also administered once.
- With gastric infections caused by Helicobacter pylori, for three days the patient should take a single dose of three to four tablets.
The form of the drug - tablets (capsules) of 6 pieces per package (blister).
Other antimicrobial agents
If the patient does not have an allergic reaction to penicillin, antibiotics for influenza can be prescribed from a semi-synthetic penicillin series (Amoxicillin, Solutab, Flemoxin). In the presence of severe resistant infections, doctors prefer "protected penicillins that is, those that consist of Amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid, here is their list:
- Solutab.
- Flemoclav.
- Augmentin.
- Ecoclave.
- Amoxiclav.
With angina this treatment is best.
Names of preparations cephalosporin series:
- Cefixime.
- Ixim Lupine.
- Panzef.
- Supraks.
- Zinatsef.
- Cefuroxime axetil.
- Zinnat.
- Aksetin.
- Super.
In mycoplasmal, chlamydial pneumonia or infectious diseases of ENT organs, the following medicines are prescribed:
- Azithromycin.
- Macropean.
- Azitrox.
- Z-factor.
- Hemomycin.
- Zitrolide.
- Zetamax.
- Sumamed.
In addition, it is possible to use antiviral drugs that are inexpensive but effective in treatment, which suggests an integrated approach to influenza therapy.
The problem is that most pharmaceutical companies in the pursuit of profit now and then throw out into the wide sales network more and more new antibacterial agents. But most of these drugs for the time being could be in stock.
Antibiotics, influenza, cold - what conclusions can be drawn?
So, from all that has been said above, we can conclude that antibiotics should be prescribed only for bacterial infection. Influenza and the common cold are 90% viral, so with these diseases, taking medications antibacterial group not only will not bring benefits, but can provoke a number of side effects, eg:
- decreased immune response;
- oppression of kidney and liver function;
- imbalance of intestinal microflora;
- allergic reactions.
The administration of these drugs for the prevention of viral-bacterial infections is unacceptable. To take aggressive medications, which are antibiotics, is possible only in extreme cases, when there are all the indications.
The main criteria for the effectiveness of treatment with antibacterial drugs include the following changes:
- relief of the general condition of the patient;
- decreased body temperature;
- disappearance of symptoms of the disease.
If this does not happen, then the medicine needs to be replaced by another one. To determine the effectiveness of the drug from the beginning of treatment should take three days. Uncontrolled use of antibacterial medicines leads to a disruption of the resistance of microorganisms.
In other words, the human body begins to get used to antibiotics and each time demand more aggressive medications. In this case, the patient will have to prescribe not one drug, but two or even three.
All you need to know about antibiotics is in the video in this article.
stopgripp.ru
Whether to drink antibiotics at cold at children or adults?
Everyone who received a diploma from any medical institute is firmly aware and remember that antibiotics for colds, ARVI and flu do not help. This is remembered by doctors in polyclinics, practicing doctors in hospitals. However, antibiotics are prescribed and not infrequently simply prophylactically. Because when you go to a doctor at the hospital, the patient needs treatment.
And in cases with colds, acute respiratory viral infection, in addition to all known rules - abundant drinking, bed rest, vitaminized, limited (diet) meals, medicines and folk methods for gargling, nasal washing, inhalations, rubbing with warming ointments - nothing else is needed, that's all the treatment for colds and is limited. But no, a person expects medicines from the doctor, often just begging for an antibiotic.
Worse, the patient can independently start taking any antibiotic according to his experience or someone's advice. Appealing to a doctor today takes a long time, and medicines are very easy to acquire. No civilized country has such open access to medicines, as in Russia. Fortunately, today most antibiotics dispense prescription antibiotics, but there is always a chance get the drug without a prescription (having mercilessly dispensed a pharmacist or by choosing a pharmacy that values its turnover).
As for the treatment of a cold in a child, here the situation is most often overshadowed by the fact that the pediatrician is simply reinsured, prescribes an effective, good, "child" antibiotic for colds for prevention, in order to avoid possible complications. If the child begins to drink abundantly, moisturize, ventilate the room, at high temperature give antipyretics for children, apply all known means for colds and folk methods - the body must cope with the majority of respiratory viral infections.
And why, then, did the pediatrician prescribe antibiotics?
Because complications are possible. Yes, the risk of complications in preschool children is very high. Today, not every mother can boast of strong immunity and the general good health of her child. And the doctor in this case is guilty, did not notice, did not check, did not appoint. Fear of accusations of incompetence, inattention, danger of prosecution pushes pediatricians to prescribe an antibiotic for children with colds as prevention.It should be remembered that a cold in 90% of cases is of viral origin, and viruses do not cure antibiotics.
Only in cases when the body failed to cope with the virus and complications arose, bacterial infection, localized in the oral cavity, nose, bronchi or lungs - only in this case are shown antibiotics.
Can I understand by analysis that antibiotics are needed?
Laboratory tests that confirm the bacterial nature of the infection are not always performed:
- Since sputum cultures, urine for today is quite expensive for polyclinics and they are trying to save on them.
- Exceptions are smears from the pharynx and nose with angina to the stick of Lefler (causative agent of diphtheria) and selective crops of detachable tonsils with chronic tonsillitis or urine in pathologies of urinary tract ways.
- More chances to get bacteriological confirmation of microbial infection in hospital patients.
- Indirect signs of bacterial inflammation will be changes in the clinical blood test. Here the physician can orient on the rise of ESR, the increase in the number of leukocytes and the shift of the leukocyte formula to the left (increase of stab and segmented leukocytes).
How to understand by feeling that there were complications?
By eye, the attachment of bacteria can be determined by:
- Changing the color of the separated nose, pharynx, ear, eyes, bronchi - from transparent it becomes cloudy, yellow or green.
- Against the background of bacterial infection, as a rule, there is a repeated rise in temperature (for example, with pneumonia, which complicated ARVI).
- With bacterial inflammation in the urinary system, urine will most likely become turbid and a visible sediment will appear in it.
- When lesions of the intestinal microbes in the feces appear mucus, pus or blood.
Understand that there are complications of acute respiratory viral infection is possible on the following grounds:
- If after the onset of acute respiratory infections or cold after the improvement on day 5-6, the temperature rises again to 38-39C, deterioration of well-being, cough increases, dyspnea or chest pain occurs during breathing and coughing - high risk pneumonia.
- Increases in sore throat at high temperature or there are raids on tonsils, cervical lymph nodes increase - it is necessary to exclude angina or diphtheria.
- There is pain in the ear, which increases with pressure on the tragus, or from the ear flowed - the average otitis is likely.
- Against the backdrop of a cold there was a pronounced nasal voice, headaches in the forehead or face that intensify when leaning forward or lying down, completely lost the sense of smell - there are signs of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses.
Many ask the question what antibiotics to drink with a cold, what antibiotic is better for a cold? If complications arise, the choice of antibiotic depends on:
- localization of complications
- age of the child or adult
- anamnesis of the patient
- drug tolerance
- and of course, resistance to antibiotics in the country where the disease occurred.
The appointment should be made only by the attending physician.
When antibiotics are not indicated for colds or uncomplicated ARVI
- Muco-purulent rhinitis (rhinitis), lasting less than 10-14 days
- Nasopharyngitis
- Viral conjunctivitis
- Viral tonsillitis
- Tracheitis, bronchitis (in some cases at high temperature and acute bronchitis antibacterial drugs are necessary)
- Attachment of herpetic infection (herpes on the lips)
- Laryngitis in children (treatment)
When it is possible to use antibiotics for uncomplicated cases
- At the expressed signs of the lowered immunity - constant subfebrile temperature, more than 5 r / year catarrhal and viral diseases, chronic fungal and inflammatory diseases, HIV, any oncological diseases or congenital disorders immunity
- In a child under 6 months of age - rickets in infants (symptoms, treatment), various malformations, with a lack of weight
- Against the background of some blood diseases (agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia).
Indications for prescribing antibiotics are
- Bacterial angina (with simultaneous exclusion of diphtheria by taking swabs from the throat and nose) requires treatment with penicillins or macrolides.
- Purulent lymphadenitis requires broad-spectrum antibiotics, consultation of a surgeon, sometimes a hematologist.
- Laryngotracheitis or acute bronchitis or exacerbation of chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis will require macrolides (Macropen), in a number of cases, an x-ray of the chest to exclude pneumonia.
- Acute otitis media - the choice between macrolides and cephalosporins is performed by an ENT doctor after otoscopy.
- Pneumonia (see p. the first signs of pneumonia, treatment of pneumonia in a child) - treatment with semisynthetic penicillins after radiologic confirmation of the diagnosis with mandatory control of the effectiveness of the drug and ray-controlled.
- Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses (sinusitis, sinusitis, etmoiditis) - the diagnosis is established by X-ray and characteristic clinical signs. Treatment is conducted by an otolaryngologist (see p. signs of sinusitis in adults).
Here is an example of a study conducted on the basis of data from a single pediatric clinic, when analyzing medical history data and outpatient cards 420 children 1-3 years old. In 89% of cases, children were registered with ORVI and ARI, 16% with acute bronchitis, 3% with otitis and only 1% with pneumonia and other infections.
And in80% of casesOnly with inflammation of the upper respiratory tract with acute respiratory illness and Orvi antibiotics were prescribed, with pneumonia and bronchitis in 100% of cases. Most doctors theoretically know about the inadmissibility of using antibacterial drugs for a cold or a viral infection, but for a number of reasons:
- administrative settings
- early age of children
- preventive measures to reduce complications
- reluctance to go for assets
they are still prescribed, sometimes in short 5-day courses and with a decrease in dose, which is highly undesirable. Also, the spectrum of pathogens in children was not considered. In 85-90% of cases it is viruses, and among bacterial agents it is 40% pneumococcus, in 15% hemophilic rod, 10% fungi and staphylococcus, less often atypical pathogens - chlamydia and mycoplasma.
With the development of complications against the background of the virus, only according to the doctor's prescription, according to the severity of the disease, the age, the patient's anamnesis, such antibiotics are prescribed:
- Penicillin series - in the absence of allergic reactions to penicillins, semi-synthetic penicillins can be used (Flemoxin solutab, Amoxicillin). In severe resistant infections among penicillin preparations, doctors prefer "Protected penicillins" (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid), Amoxiclav, Ecoclave, Augmentin, Flemoclav Solutab. This is the first-line drugs in angina.
- Cephalosporin series - Cefixim (Suprax, Pansef, Iksim Lupine), Cefuroxime aksetil (Zinacef, Supero, Aksetin, Zinnat), etc.
- Macrolides - are usually prescribed for chlamydial, mycoplasmal pneumonia or infections of the ENT organs - Azithromycin (Sumamed, Zetamax, Zitrolide, Chemomycin, Z-factor, Azitrox), Macropen is the drug of choice for bronchitis.
- Fluoroquinolones - are prescribed in cases of intolerance to other antibiotics, as well as with the resistance of bacteria to drugs penicillin series - Levofloxacin (Tavanic, Floracid, Haileflox, Glevo, Flexi), Moxifloxacin (Avelox, Plevilox, Moximak). The fluoroquinolones are completely banned for use in children, since the skeleton is not yet formed, and also because it is preparations "of a reserve that can be useful to a person when he grows up, in the treatment of infections with a drug stability.
In general, the problem of choosing an antibiotic for today is a task for the doctor, which he must decide in such a way as to maximally help the patient in the present and not harm in the future. The problem is complicated by the fact that in the pursuit of today's profits, farmkampanii absolutely do not take into account the seriousness of the increasing stability causative agents of diseases to antibiotics and throw out in a wide network those antibacterial novelties that could be for the time being in reserve.
If your doctor has prescribed an antibacterial drug, you should read 11 rules. How to drink antibiotics correctly.
Main conclusions:
- Antibiotics are indicated for bacterial infections, and the common cold in 80-90% has a viral origin, therefore their reception is not only senseless, but also harmful.
- Antibiotics have serious side effects, such as inhibition of liver and kidney function, allergic reactions, they reduce immunity, cause imbalance of intestinal microflora and mucous membranes in organism.
- The use of antibiotics as a prophylaxis for complications of viral-bacterial infections is unacceptable. The task of the child's parents in time to see a doctor, and the therapist or pediatrician in time to discover the possible deterioration of well-being of the child or adult and only in this case to accept "heavy artillery" in the form of antibiotics.
- The main criterion for the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy is a decrease in body temperature to 37-38 ° C, relief of the general condition, in the absence of this antibiotic should be replaced by another. The effectiveness of the antibiotic is estimated within 72 hours and only after this the preparation changes.
- Frequent and uncontrolled use of antibiotics leads to the development of resistance of microorganisms, and each time a person will require more aggressive drugs, often the simultaneous use of immediately 2 or more antibacterial means.
zdravotvet.ru
When you get a cold, what antibiotics should you drink?
Answers:
Convallaria
Arthur, colds (ARVI, ARD) are caused by viruses, so antibiotics should not be used, because antibiotics have a harmful effect only on bacteria.
Catarrhal diseases can be complicated by bacterial infections, then antibiotics are necessary.
Treatment of colds is carried out by antiviral agents (for example, Arbidol, Amantadine,
Rimantadine, Algirem, Zanamivir, Oseltamivir), ascorbic acid (this is vitamin C), well, and further asymptomatic treatment (cough, fever, etc.).
With any catarrhal disease, you need to take a lot of fluids (mors, tea).
AnnaV
raspberry tea, milk with honey and legs to soar, and not kill immunity with antibiotics!
Elena
With a cold, it is better not to drink antibiotics, but to do with improvised home remedies.
Vero
when cold, antibiotics do not drink
Ari @ nka
any. an antibiotic for the virus does not work.
andree old
do not drink. more hot tea with raspberry honey and lemon
* R * G *
To doctors address!! !
prikolnenko, but the antibiotic is necessary only at bacterial infection!! !
more often viruses cause a cold.
Lyudmila Gushchina
None. Plant immunity.
marina is cool
when cold, antibiotics do not drink, they are taken with complications from colds
SUGGEST THE MOST NORMAL ANTIBIOTICS FOR ADULTS for a cold. To the price is not too expensive
Answers:
Maksim
With colds and hypothermia, the body is attacked by viruses and not by microbes. Against viruses, nothing has been invented yet and is not being released. The antibiotic acts against germs, which begin to attack any weakened organ after ORZ or ARVI, most often ears and bronchi. If you do not have complications, antibiotic. should not be taken. Just help the body to cope with the virus: take vit. With, drink more, if not t warm your legs. But take a bath before the end of the disease can not, but otherwise there will be deterioration.
anna collar
in a personal
mass
I was prescribed Flemoxin Solutab, a good one.
Isaeva Olga
And whether it is necessary for colds. ..
Katya Barykova
It is not necessary to drink at cold antibiotics
Lori
ceftriaxone, salutab, suprax... but it is better than national means.
Alla Borisova
Antibiotics are taken only if complications arose, this is not an inoffensive drug. Read here:
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Regina Loginova
when the body is slagged it reduces the production of interferon and the body is attacked by microbes, which first of all eat garbage, turning its in a form that the body can infer, when the critical mass of garbage is withdrawn again, the production of interferon is cut and the microbes are killed... short conclusion))): hunger, bed rest, plentiful drink, reception of enterosorbents, you will help your body to quickly clean and get better
antibiotics kill the entire microflora (and friendly and pathogenic), the pathogenic will recover instantly and continue to shake health
Simona Melamud
I do not cure cold with antibiotics. At all. Heat. Do not go out into the street. Honey. 3 days, and all, but if launched, it is not a cold, but its consequences
Hello. tell me what antibiotics for cold and cough for adults
Answers:
Ekaterina Reveka
summed is an effective thing
Agnidevi Agnidevi
Garlic! The best means you will not find.
Margarita First
Biseptol
Fox
Arbidol
Prokopyuchka
ampicillin, levofloxacin, macropen, tetracyclines
Gregor Laditakidi
Do not do it yourself, Detochka. Each tablet passes through the kidneys and liver. One heals, and the other cripples! Hot tea with lemon often, often or hot grape wine with sugar of the Glintwein type.
MONKEY
Contact your doctor (s). An antibiotic may not suit you. Of course, not a guarantee, and the doctor can appoint the wrong one, but ...
Corporal
Antibiotics should appoint a doctor. They drink them strictly according to the scheme. If they are taken inadequately, bacteria can adapt to it (get used to) and the disease can go on into a chronic form. If you overdo it, you can earn a dysbacteriosis of the stomach, intestines, etc., and then months to set up a special. drugs, microflora.
Irina Semenova
Do you want to treat colds with antibiotics??? Bow!!! Gargles, warm vitaminized drink, fruit drinks, compotes, tea with lemon, raspberries, honey (if there is no temperature)! Socks on your feet! From a cough - it depends on what cough and because of what! If there is a runny nose, then most likely everything in the nose drains into the throat and further, hence the cough. So you need to treat your nose! If a cough comes from below (it is necessary that the doctor listen) - can both tracheitis and bronchitis... You need something expectorant (for example, Haliksol - such a syrup), you can try mother-and-stepmother to brew and take, as written on the package. Well, if all the same tracheitis, or God forbid, is worse - then antibiotics are more likely to be needed - the doctor should appoint - (we in such cases we usually take Sumamed - this is a strong antibiotic, but effective, its dosage is calculated based on your weight. )
And more, helps a lot of mustard powder - pour into socks and go all day (you can and night)!
Treated! Do not be ill!
P.S. Sumamed is taken 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after meals. (the most optimal in the morning - get up and take breakfast before breakfast and then in an hour you can eat).
Sergei
Antibiotics - For colds (at the expense of a decrease in immunity, they will soon provoke its appearance, in general, something will heal), and so - simple prophylaxis - Frequent ventilation of the apartment, the use of multivitamins, beekeeping products (honey, propolis, pergah, pollen), garlic, onions, lemons for food, supplements of dietary supplements, frequent walks in the open air, general hardening - and you and your family will be under reliable protection, believe me - checked on my family and all my relatives and close.