How to improve vision

The optical system of the eyes provides vital information about the surrounding world every second, and it is impossible to overestimate the importance of good vision for a full-fledged existence.Nevertheless, even with good vision from birth, many people lose some of it (someone more, someone less) already in adolescence. And this is due to a variety of reasons: overexertion of the eyes, malfunctioning of the endocrine or circulatory system, exchange pathologies, poor nutrition, infectious diseases (both ocular and general) and even the usual violation of personal hygiene.

However, the global cause, undoubtedly, has become universal computerization.Many hours of sitting and looking at the monitor, on the screens of tablets and mobile phones, required more resources than those that our eyes have.And, as a result, vision began to deteriorate.

Types of deviations

In order to understand the nature of the arising deviations, it is necessary at least in general terms to represent the principle of the work of the organ of vision:

• The eyeball is covered with sclera- a white sheath of connective tissue that passes into the iris and cornea in the visible part of the eye;
• Cornea, lens and vitreous(inside the eyeball) represent the refracting environment of the eye, and the quality of vision depends on their properties;
• Inside the sclera is covered with retina- a tissue of nerve fibers, which, in the opposite direction from the pupil, condenses and forms a macula (yellow spot). This is the place where the light rays, passing through the eye, are transformed into nerve impulses (signals coming into the visual brain center).

Structure of the eye

When even the slightest failure occurs with this finely organized system, vision begins to deteriorate, and deviations can become permanent.

Myopia

If a person sees distant objects vaguely, and close ones clearly, they say about myopia.However, not everyone imagines what it is.

With normal vision, light rays, refracted on the retina and the lens, passing through the vitreous, focus on the macula.The image entered the visual center, exactly corresponds to its shapes, colors and size, and most importantly - it has clear outlines.

However, if the cornea (or crystalline lens) is too convex, as well as the enlarged size of the eyeball, the light rays do not reach the retina and are focused in front of it.As a result, distant images of the eyes can not be considered. This condition is called myopia (or myopia). Myopia can be corrected by glasses or surgical operation, and at weak degrees it can even be corrected by eye exercises.

Myopia can be congenital and acquired (with eye strain), develops most often in adolescence and in people whose professional activities are related to work on the computer.

Hyperopia

With hyperopia (hypermetropia), there is a visual impairment, the opposite of myopia.T. e. the eye has a short distance from the pupil to the macula, and the focus of the light rays converges outside the eyeball. Thus, a person with farsightedness clearly sees objects at a long distance, and the contours of closely located objects are blurred. Although at strong degrees of farsightedness vision is violated and with respect to distant objects.

Each child is born with a certain degree of hypermetropia, because the size of the eyeball too small and do not correspond to the degree of curvature of the cornea, which almost does not change as growth of eyes.However, the child is growing, and about the school age, his farsightedness disappears. In some cases, hyperopia may persist, then spectacle correction is required, and upon reaching adulthood, a surgical correction of the visual defect is possible.

Presbyopia

If congenital hyperopia develops most often in children, then hypermetropia due to age-related changes, is the lot of older people and is called presbyopia (age farsightedness).

The first changes begin in 40-50 years - depending on the state of overall health and eyes in particular. A characteristic feature of presbyopia is poor vision near, whereas ordinary hyperopia of medium or high degree does not make it possible to clearly see objects located in the distance.

The lens, being one of the refracting media of the eye, has the property of changing its curvature under the influence of tension or relaxation of the ciliary muscle that holds it.The cause of age-related changes is the loss of elasticity of the lens, as well as the loss of the ability of the ciliary muscle to accommodation.

Astigmatism

Astigmatism is characterized by a violation of the shape of the cornea (lens), which becomes elongated along one of the meridians (horizontal or vertical).

When the sphericity of the cornea is broken (rarely - the lens), the light rays, refracted, do not focus in one place, but at least two. Therefore, the image on the retina never reflects the true picture, but turns out to be blurred and distorted.

Like hyperopia, astigmatism is the natural state of the child's eye at birth.Reaching the -3D at birth, by the age of 3 the shape of the eye and the cornea has returned to normal. Moreover, an insignificant degree of astigmatism (before, D) is the natural state of the eyes in most adults. However, such a violation does not have a significant effect on everyday life and is called physiological astigmatism.

If the child is naughty and does not want to draw or view small pictures, learn to read or write, tilts his head or squints, there is a possibility of developing a visual defect.

Strabismus

When you look at the subject, both eyes look at it at the same angle.When one of the eyeballs deviates from the visual axis, the visual analyzer receives two images instead of one.There are friendly strabismus (when both eyes alternately mow) and paralytic (when only one eye mows).The reasons for such states can be:

• Injuries or paralysis;
• High and medium degrees of hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism;
• Infectious and somatic diseases;
• CNS disorders, stress;
• Anomalies in the oculomotor muscles.

Strabismus can be congenital or acquired, convergent, divergent and vertical.

The acquired visual defect most often occurs in children, since the child's visual system has a long period of formation.

Amblyopia

The second name of the visual defect is a lazy eye, and its development is most often the result of untreated strabismus.When two images of one object arrive at the visual center, the brain, in an attempt to get a clear picture, suppresses the signals of the mowing eye, "turns it off". With the duration of this condition, the functionality of the eye drops significantly, and it starts to see worse.

Vision with amblyopia

Ways to restore

There are several proven methods that can have a restoring effect on the eye, although each of them is effective for certain types of disorders.

Vitaminotherapy

Any tissue of the body can not function normally without the arrival of certain nutrients, water and oxygen.However, almost all processes in the tissues pass through biochemical reactions, which require specific catalysts. As such catalysts, vitamins almost always act, and therefore their significance is enormous.

Vitaminotherapy is necessary for such vision abnormalities, which are based on age-related changes, metabolic disorders, and diseases associated with immunity or vitamin deficiency.

For the normal operation of the eye, it is mandatory to have a certain amount of the following vitamins in the body:

• A (retinol)is necessary for the timely synthesis of the complex protein of rhodopsin. With a deficiency of this vitamin, night blindness develops, the clarity and brightness of the image decreases;
• B2 (riboflavin)participates in oxidation-reduction reactions and is also necessary to preserve the clarity and brightness of visual perception.

No less important are other vitamins (B6, C, D, E, PP), as well as microelements (calcium, zinc, selenium).

To treat vitamin therapy best by taking natural products, but this is not always enough time. Therefore, after consulting with an ophthalmologist, you can choose one of the vitamin complexes, dietary supplements or drugs in the form of drops.

Gymnastics for the eyes

The effective work of the eyes largely depends on the intensity of the metabolic processes occurring in their tissues, and the quality of incoming nutrition.For this, no doubt, you need a good blood supply, which is provided by various sets of exercises for the eye muscles:

• According to Bates;
• According to Norbekov;
• According to Zhdanov;
• According to Avetisov.

Gymnastics for Norbekov

In addition to training the oculomotor muscles, the system of restorative gymnastics helps to improve the blood supply of the ciliary muscle (responsible for lens work) and circulation of intraocular fluid, which avoids an increase in IOP and atrophy of the visual nerve.

A necessary element of gymnastic complexes, most of their creators consider the preservation of a certain positive attitude and faith in their strength.

Although there are a lot of the most controversial opinions about such recovery methods, with the duration of application they can be effective against weak degrees of visual disturbances.

Laser correction

The use of laser correction techniques is effective at strong degrees of myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, etc. abnormalities, as well as in cases of rapid progression of vision loss or inefficiency of conservative methods.

Example of laser vision correction

The laser makes it possible to correct using several common methods:

• Super LASIK (Super Lasik)- the most common operation, is performed taking into account the individual parameters of the patient, so it gives the most effective results;
• LASIK (LASIK)- is the basic technique and in clinics with the latest equipment is no longer applied;
• Femto LASIK (Femto LASIK)- The difference from LASIK is the cutting of the cornea by a special femto-laser, and not microkeratome;
• Femto Super LASIK (Femto Super LASIK) - the difference from the previous method consists in taking into account individual patient data during the operation;
• Presby LASIK (Presby LASIK)- is carried out taking into account age-related changes in vision;
• PRK (PRK)- used for contraindications to other methods;
• Epi-LASIK (Epi-LASIK)- a kind of basic technique that is used with a thin cornea, but rarely used.

Recommendations for use

The choice of the appropriate method in each case is strictly individual and depends on many factors: the degree of vision impairment, the type of disorder (functional or organic), the patient's health state. Some violations can be eliminated by gymnastic complexes, in other cases only laser correction is possible.

However, when performing any technique, one should take into account the main thing: eyes need this time load on a minimum, otherwise all the resources received will be spent and to restore them not enough.

Video

conclusions

The choice of the most effective measures in each specific case should be under the supervision of the doctor.And even if you decide to do one of the techniques, periodically check the eyes of the ophthalmologist. This will clearly show whether there is an effect or should not waste time and give preference to more radical measures.