Subchondral osteosclerosis of the hip joint, spine

Subchondral osteosclerosis

Osteosclerosis is a change in the normal structure of bone tissue, which is the increased density of the latter. Among pathological changes in bones, sclerosis ranks second after osteoporosis.

Why is this condition considered dangerous? Despite the increased density, bones with osteosclerosis lose elasticity. This leads to the risk of fractures, even with a minor effect of the traumatic factor.

What is the essence of pathology?

Subchondral osteosclerosis is one of the main manifestations of such degenerative-dystrophic diseases musculoskeletal system, such as osteoarthritis and osteochondrosis, as well as the most common type of ossification of the bone tissue.

The word "subchondral" should be understood as "subchondral that is, the densification of bones occurs in those areas that directly adjoin the pathological process affected by the joints.

Such subchondral areas of bones are called end plates.

Osteosclerosis can also be physiological, for example, in children in areas of bone growth there is an increased density (indicated by arrows)

Subchondral sclerosis of articular surfaces does not develop immediately. It appears with the progression of degenerative dystrophic changes in the joints, if the causative factor is not eliminated and effective treatment is not prescribed.

Learn more about the causes of osteosclerosis and its forms here.

Also, subchondral sclerosis is of diagnostic importance, since it is one of the main radiographic criteria of deforming osteoarthritis of the joints and osteochondrosis of the spine.

Causes

As it becomes clear, the causes of subchondral osteosclerosis do not differ from those of arthrosis and osteochondrosis:

• excess weight;
• permanent microtraumatic joints (heavy physical work, professional sports);
• hypodynamic way of life;
• long stay in one position;
• endocrine and metabolic disorders;
• genetic predisposition;
• advanced age;
• associated rheumatological and vascular diseases;
• traumas in the anamnesis;
• congenital or acquired pathology of the musculoskeletal system;
• unhealthy eating;
• poor development of the muscular corset.

Excess weight and unhealthy diet are a direct way to arthrosis of joints and osteochondrosis of the spine

Symptoms of the disease

The signs of subchondral sclerosis depend on the disease, which caused changes in the bones, its stages and localization.

At the initial stages of degenerative-dystrophic changes, sclerosis does not manifest itself in any way and can be detected only when carrying out an X-ray study.

As the pathology progresses, characteristic clinical signs appear. The most common types of subchondral osteosclerosis will be discussed further.

Subchondral sclerosis of the spine

The consolidation of the bone tissue of the vertebrae is observed with osteochondrosis in the area that is directly in contact with the damaged intervertebral disc.

The manifestations of subchondral sclerosis of the spine depend on the localization (cervical, thoracic or lumbar), degree damage to the tissues of the spine and the presence of complications (intervertebral hernia, narrowing of the spinal canal, infringement of the nervous rootlets, etc.).

Patients complain of chronic pain in the neck and back. From time to time there are exacerbations with acute pain syndrome. In the later stages, neurological complications arise, deformities of the spinal column, which can lead to the loss of working capacity and disability.

MRI of the spine will allow not only to establish the fact of osteosclerosis, but also to find its cause

The main risk of sclerosis of vertebral bodies is to increase the risk of spontaneous compression fractures, which can appear even with minimal physical exertion. Therefore, we need to identify the problem as early as possible and do everything possible to prevent its progression and the development of complications.

Osteosclerosis of the hip joint

This localization of sclerosis almost always complicates the course of arthrosis of the hip joint.

Patients complain of chronic hip pain, which first occurs during exercise, and then worries and at rest.

Gradually, the amplitude of movements in the joint is limited, lameness develops.

If the pathological process is not stopped in time, the joint is completely destroyed in time, the function of the lower limb is lost. Such patients will be able to regain the ability to move independently only by surgery for hip joint endoprosthetics.

On the second X-ray, one can note the absence of an articular gap of the hip joint and an increase in the density of subchondral bone tissue, which are signs of coxarthrosis

The risk of sclerosis of this localization is the increased risk of such severe pathologies as fracture of the femoral neck and aseptic necrosis of its head. Therefore, in detecting osteosclerosis of the hip joint, it is first necessary to address the prevention of possible severe consequences.

Sclerosis of the knee joint

It is revealed in the development of deforming osteoarthritis of the knees. Patients complain of pain in the knees with physical activity, and then at rest, a crunch when moving, a gradual decrease in their amplitude, deformation of the knees and lower limbs.

A frequent consequence of subchondral knee sclerosis is the development of varus or valgus deformation (O and X-shaped legs).

O- and X-shaped deformities of lower extremities

Osteosclerosis of the shoulder joint

Shoulder joints belong to the most mobile joints of our body. Therefore, it is often affected by arthrosis. On the development of pathology indicates pain during movements, clicks and crunch, amplitude limitation.

In spite of the fact that sclerosis of the shoulder joint is not a cause of severe disability, as, for example, osteosclerosis of the hip or knee articulation, it significantly impairs the quality of life of such people due to chronic pain and functional insufficiency the joint.

Diagnostic Methods

And still we advise reading:Deforming arthrosis of joints

The main method of intravital diagnosis of changes in bone tissue, including osteosclerosis, is an X-ray study.

On radiographs of good quality, it is possible to examine lesions of multiple sclerosis in different locations. But, unfortunately, it is not enough to make a diagnosis. As first of all it is necessary to reveal the reason of compaction of an osteal tissue.

To this end, a number of diagnostic procedures are carried out:

• MRI or CT;
• densitometry (measurement of bone density);
• laboratory tests of blood and urine;
• Ultrasound of joints;
• genetic tests to exclude hereditary forms of osteosclerosis.

Principles of treatment

Treatment should be comprehensive. It includes such activities as:

1. Medicamentous therapy. It is used, as a rule, in the presence of exacerbations of arthrosis and osteochondrosis, which are accompanied by severe pain syndrome. Applied drugs from the following groups: analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, chondroprotectors, muscle relaxants, B vitamins, vasodilators and decongestants, glucocorticoids and local anesthetics for blockades.
2. Therapeutic gymnastics. It is the main method of therapy of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the musculoskeletal system. It allows you to strengthen the muscles that will protect and maintain damaged joints.
3. Massage and other manual methods of impact on the joints (manual therapy, osteopathy, post-isometric relaxation).
4. Various physiotherapeutic procedures (laser, ultrasound therapy, magnetotherapy, electrophoresis, UHF, balneotherapy, therapeutic mud, spinal traction, etc.).
5. Dietary meals.

It is important to understand that you can not get rid of osteosclerosis, you can only slow down the pathological process or suspend it.

Therefore, at the first alarming symptoms it is necessary to seek specialized medical help in order to establish a diagnosis and make an optimal program of prevention and treatment.

This is the only way to protect yourself from the severe consequences of subchondral osteosclerosis.

A source: http://MoyaSpina.ru/bolezni/subhondralnyy-osteoskleroz

Subchondral osteosclerosis of articular surfaces and spine: symptoms and treatment

I like the class

One of the signs of osteoarthritis along with the destruction of the cartilaginous surface of the joint and the damage of the periarticular ligaments and muscles is subchondral osteosclerosis.

This increase in the density of a portion of the bone lying just below the cartilaginous part. This condition develops because of the increased mechanical stress on bone tissue.

This overload occurs when the cartilage that lined the joint capsule degenerates.

Subchondral osteosclerosis

Causes of development

Subchondral osteosclerosis is not a disease, but a morphological, that is, a structural change. Its cause is osteoarthrosis, a progressive joint disease accompanied by wear of the articular cartilage.

The immediate cause of subchondral osteosclerosis is changes in the joint caused by its congenital weakness (dysplasia), trauma or an autoimmune inflammatory process (for example, in rheumatoid arthritis).

Causes of osteosclerosis

Factors that increase the probability of pathology:

• obesity;
• excessive physical activity;
• genetic predisposition;
• gout;
• the transferred operations on joints;
• pathological menopause.

Subchondral osteosclerosis occurs in the late stage of osteoarthritis. At this time, the cartilage is already destroyed, and the bare bone surfaces begin to rub against each other. As a result, they are damaged and become uneven.

The processes of bone formation begin to predominate over the physiological destruction of bone tissue. The tissue lying directly under the epiphysis (the end of the bone) is compacted and reconstructed.

There are clinical and roentgenological signs of osteosclerosis.

Symptoms of subchondral osteosclerosis

Sign of bone compaction beneath the articular surface of the bone is pain. Its characteristics differ depending on the main mechanism of occurrence.

The strength of bones is provided by microscopic tubes - intertwined beams.

When the cushioning shock of cartilage is destroyed, the whole load is placed on the bone. As a result, the beams are deformed.

Pain syndrome occurs after a load on the joint, mainly in the evening. In addition, it prevents the patient from walking and prolonged standing. After a night rest, the intensity of pain decreases, or they disappear altogether.

Overloading the bone leads to an expansion of vascular plexuses and congestion of venous blood. This causes irritation of the receptors of the vascular wall and leads to the appearance of prolonged nocturnal pains, which are of a bursting nature.

Symptoms of subchondral osteosclerosis

Subchondral osteosclerosis is diagnosed by radiography and computed tomography of bones. X-ray signs of this pathology:

• the bone substance becomes shallow, there are small partitions in it - trabeculae, the reason for such a change in structure is the restructuring of the processes of formation and bone resorption;
• the superficial (cortical) layer thickens and becomes uneven;
• the lumen of the osseous canal channel narrows down to its full obliteration (overgrowing);
• the shadow of the epiphysis becomes bright and contrasts with surrounding tissues.

Magnetic resonance imaging is rarely used to diagnose subchondral osteosclerosis. This technique is informative for the recognition of lesions in organs rich in water. In the bone tissue of the fluid is small, so the MRI can not detect all the changes.

Treatment of osteosclerosis of the hip and other joints

Osteosclerosis is a sign of osteoarthritis, therefore the main disease should be treated to slow its progression.

Principles of treatment of osteoarthritis:

• weight loss;
• physiotherapy;
• restriction of the load on the affected joint;
• reception of chondroprotectors and anesthetics.

All these measures can only alleviate the symptoms and temporarily inhibit the development of pathology.

They provide an opportunity to maintain a normal quality of life until the moment of surgical treatment.

Endoprosthetics of the joint is the main method of treatment of osteoarthritis, it helps to get rid of subchondral osteosclerosis.

Treatment of osteosclerosis of the hip and other joints

To reduce the intensity of pain caused by osteosclerosis, doctors prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs.

They reduce blood supply and reduce the release of pro-inflammatory substances.

It is recommended to use modern means - selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase, which practically do not harm the digestive organs. This is celecoxib, movalis, nimesulide.

Groups of drugs used:

Group	Active substance (popular representative)
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory - acetates	Indomethacin
Diclofenac (Orthofen)
Aceclofenac (Aertal)
Ketorolac
Oksikamy	Tenoxicam
Lornoxicam
Meloksikam (Movalis)
Propionates	Ibuprofen (Nurofen)
Naproxen
Ketoprofen
Flurbiprofen
Coxiba	Celecoxib
Other NSAIDs	Nimesulid (Nyz)
Chondroprotectors	Chondroitin sulfate (Structum) Glucosamine (Dona)

Based on this table, it is possible to select preparations of different pharmacological groups that alleviate pain in the joints.

Many of these drugs are not only available in tablets, but also in the form of injectable solutions. Intramuscular injection is indicated for acute pain syndrome, tablets and capsules are suitable for permanent use.

It is useful to use ointments with anesthetic and vascular components (troxevasin, fastum-gel and others). Local treatment of osteosclerosis is recommended to supplement with a massage of the affected area, reducing edema and bone remodeling.

Treatment of subchondral osteosclerosis of the spine

Subchondral osteosclerosis of vertebrae occurs in severe cases of osteoarthritis of the spine. To alleviate his symptoms, these methods are used:

• medicamentous treatment, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and chondroprotectors;
• physiotherapy: treatment with magnetic field, ultrasound, administration of anesthetics to the near-vertebral tissues with the help of electrophoresis;
• underwater traction, therapeutic baths, circular shower;
• massage;
• Therapeutic physical exercises aimed at strengthening the muscles of the back.

Treatment of subchondral osteosclerosis of the spine

In severe cases, surgical treatment is possible: implantation of an artificial vertebra or denervation in order to eliminate pain syndrome.

Subchondral osteosclerosis is the consolidation of a part of the bone under the articular cartilage. It occurs with excessive load on bone tissue due to destruction of the cartilaginous layer lining the joints. the cause of this condition is osteoarthritis.

Osteosclerosis most often develops in the hip, knee or 1 metatarsophalangeal foot joint.

It manifests itself as a pain syndrome, for the relief of which anti-inflammatory and cartilage-restoring drugs, physiotherapy, massage and special gymnastics are used.

In severe cases, the joint replacement operation is performed on an artificial joint - endoprosthetics.

A source: http://sustavu.ru/oda/subhondralnyj-osteoskleroz.html

Subchondral osteosclerosis and what is it?

The subchondral bone is that part of the human skeleton that performs two crucial functions. In her cavity is enclosed by the back of the brain, regenerating white and red blood cells.

And also its expanded part is a solid base for articular cartilage, and, thanks to its rich blood flow, supports its structure and normal trophism.

Subchondral osteosclerosis is a pathological condition of the bone, in which excessive formation of bone tissue occurs, increasing its density, and leading to a decrease in the cerebral canal.

Mechanism of osteosclerosis

What is osteosclerosis, and how does the formation of excessive bone substance occur. The tissues of the skeleton constantly go through the processes of its destruction and renewal. Responsible for this are special cells - osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

Under the influence of osteoblasts, a new bone tissue is formed, and they also help the calcium salts to be deposited in the intercellular substance. Osteoclasts, in turn, remove tissue cells by dissolving calcium and collagen.

In the body, these responsible cells act together under the influence of complex hormonal regulation, so that the bone tissue remains unchanged.

Note!

Here there is a paradox - in spite of the fact that the bone tissue thickens, it becomes more fragile. This can be compared with cast iron and steel.

The density of cast iron is much greater than steel, but it can split from impact.

In people suffering from osteosclerosis, one of the signs of the disease are frequent fractures.

This pathology is also dangerous because the bone tissue, growing inside, replaces the bone marrow, and does not allow it to function normally. Therefore, anemia often accompanies the disease.

Subchondral pathology

Subchondral osteosclerosis is not an independent disease. It occurs either as a result of age-related changes in the bones, or is a manifestation of the underlying pathology, most often of osteoarthritis.

Read the same: Symptoms and treatment of sacralisation of the vertebra

This medical term defines a group of diseases that are similar in their morphological and clinical manifestations.

In the process of pathology, when a disease occurs, the following are involved:

• subchondral bone;
• articular cartilage;
• capsule;
• ligaments;
• muscles;
• synovial membrane.

The main clinical manifestations of osteoarthritis are bone deformation and pain during movement.

The essence of pathology is the change in cartilage accompanied by an inflammatory process.

In the course of the disease, one joint can be affected, and there is a generalized lesion of all the major joints (polyostearosis).

Most often, the disease is affected:

• the first joint of the foot;
• joints of brushes;
• the spine;
• hip and knee joints.

The heaviest leaking forms are the defeat of the cervical, lumbar spine, knees, and hip part of the skeleton.

The most common types of pathology, depending on the location of the localization, received separate definitions:

• gonarthrosis (dr. Greek. "Knee") - arthrosis of the knee joint;
• coxarthrosis (lat. "Thigh") - arthrosis of the femoral joint;
• osteochondrosis (dr. Greek. "Cartilage") - dystrophic pathologies in the cartilage, most often affect intervertebral discs.

Determine the disease in the sclerotic changes in the bone can only be using radiography. When diagnosed in pictures, the affected areas are visible as a blackout.

Causes and risk factors

Osteoarthritis is a multifactorial disease, but the main reasons are three:

• dysplasia;
• injury;
• inflammation.

In the primary form of the disease, the main risk factors are hereditary mutations and disorders. A person's sex and race can play a role.

Among non-hereditary reasons are called:

• overweight;
• age;
• specific type of activity;
• supercooling;
• trauma, or frequent micro-injury;
• the action of toxins;
• operative intervention.

Also, osteoarthritis can cause various disabilities of the body:

• endocrine disorders;
• deficiency of microelements in the body;
• metabolic disorders;
• neurodystrophic manifestations in the spine.

A fairly common cause is dysplasia, or a violation of the process of bone development, as well as various acquired diseases of the joints and bones.

Knee joint injury

In addition to pain, subchondral osteosclerosis of articular surfaces is accompanied by a characteristic crunch during movement and stiffness.

With gonarthrosis, there are degenerative-dystrophic changes in the knee joint, and the end of "oz" indicates that in this case there is no inflammation. In the inflammatory process, the condition of the knee joint would be defined as gonarthrite.

The load, which is communicated to a person by the force of gravity of the earth, is extinguished by the joints.

The knee is one of the largest and most complex joints, which consists of two subchondral bones - a hollow bone and a tibia.

Inside it there are cartilaginous layers - menisci, which play the role of shock absorbers when moving.

If these cartilaginous parts wear out, or are damaged as a result of trauma, new ones do not grow.

The amount of inter joint fluid decreases, so the bones simply rub against each other, inflammation occurs, which eventually leads to the formation of excessive bone tissue and their deformation.

Hip Joint Disease

Osteoarthrosis of the hip joint takes the leading place among diseases of the musculoskeletal system, as the most important combination of human bones is affected.

The mechanism of damage is the same as that of the knee joints - the cartilage is damaged and the synovial fluid disappears. When the limb moves, there is a strong pain syndrome.

Often, the disease occurs in people who are actively involved in sports, or all the time on their feet.

Symptoms appear when the head of the bone is already destroyed. Therefore, osteosclerosis of the hip joint should be treated better in the early stages, when conservative treatment is still indicated.

At 3-4 stages of treatment can only be prompt.

Subchondral osteosclerosis of articular surfaces can lead to a complete loss of limb function, and, consequently, a loss of human performance.

Spinal cord injury

The existing osteosclerosis of the spine is expressed by pain when turning the head to the sides. This is explained by the infringement of nerves between the vertebrae.

The spine has three main functions:

• supporting;
• Protective, as it protects the spinal cord;
• amortization.

Amortization occurs at the expense of intervertebral disc ligaments, which, when walking and moving, do not allow vertebrae to touch.

When there is defibration and micro-snaps, the vertebrae themselves change - spondylosis, when The widening edges of the vertebrae reduce the opening through which the spinal cord passes nerves.

The enlarged vertebrae themselves begin to irritate the nerve, and pain arises from this.

Read the same: Symptoms and treatment of lumbago syndrome at home

Osteosclerosis of the spine is also dangerous because the risk of developing intervertebral hernia increases.

This, in fact, protrusion of the softened intervertebral disc outward between the vertebrae.

This also leads to the infringement of the nerve, but if it is a question of the cervical spine, the pain rushes into the hand.

Interesting! Depending on which finger hurts and grows numb, the neurologist can determine in what vertebra the changes occur.

Changed osteosclerosis cervical vertebrae can be the cause of vertebral-basilar disease, in which the bony artery is irritated. It is responsible for the blood circulation of the brain, respectively, and for blood pressure, rhythm of the heart beat, and vestibular stability.

Treatment of osteosclerosis

Treatment of bone changes in a number of cases is difficult because of untimely treatment of the patient for help.

Since there are no pronounced symptoms at the initial stage of the disease, the doctor is consulted when the joints or spine can no longer function normally.

In severe cases, surgical intervention is shown, replacing interarticulate fluid and interarticulate cartilage with implants.

If we talk about the treatment of atherosclerosis itself, then we need to treat a disease, the manifestation of which is the change of bone tissue.

Osteosclerosis is difficult to treat when the bone tissue is overgrown with the cavity of the subchondral bone. There is a deficit of immunity, as the bone marrow, where white blood cells are born, is overgrown.

In especially severe cases, even bone marrow transplantation is necessary.

Among the methods of general therapy prescribed physiotherapy, massage and therapeutic gymnastics, which is conducted under the supervision of a specialist. With a strong pain syndrome, pain medications and drugs can be prescribed to relieve muscle spasm.

In order not to start the process of changing bones, it is important to listen to your own body, because pain is his defensive reaction, which for no reason happens. And most importantly - remember that the best cure for any disease is prevention.

A source: https://spinous.ru/diseases/subkhondralnyy-osteoskleroz.html

Subchondral sclerosis of articular surfaces: treatment, diagnosis of the disease

This is not a disease, but a diagnostic sign. This term is used for examinations of the musculoskeletal system using X-rays.

The presence in the picture of signs of subchondral sclerosis indicates to the doctor the necessity of diagnosing the disease from the group of articular pathologies, the manifestation of which it can be.

What is subchondral sclerosis?

This disease, as a rule, is a consequence of the age-related decrepitude of the body.

Sclerosis is a pathological process in which living cells of internal organs die, and instead of them a coarse connective tissue is formed, which performs only ancillary function. Subchondral sclerosis of articular surfaces is often a sign of osteochondrosis or osteoarthrosis.

The surfaces of bones mating with each other are lined with a flexible, elastic fabric.

This cartilage (from the ancient Greek - "chondros"), which protect them from friction and ensure the elasticity of movements. "Subchondral" means "under the cartilage."

What is under it? A strong subchondral bone (plate) on which the cartilage rests, as on a foundation.

With his trauma, inflammatory damage, bone cells begin to rapidly divide, from which osteophytic growths are formed.

If small lesions are located at the edges, the function of the joint is preserved.

However, marginal bone growths can penetrate deep into the joint, narrowing the joint gap and preventing movement. This is signaled by the pain that appears.

Elderly people often complain of pain in the knee, ankle, wrist, hip joints.

Subchondral sclerosis of the spine becomes the cause of infringement of the nerve roots, and this causes additional pain.

In roentgenology, there are 4 main stages of pathology. It:

• The first stage, at which only the marginal proliferation of bone tissues is observed, the articular cleft is not narrowed;
• 2 nd stage, which is characterized by the presence of pronounced osteophytes, narrowing of the joint gap;
• The third stage, when large outgrowths are outlined in the picture, the crack is barely visible;
• The fourth stage, in which very large osteophytes, flattened bone surfaces, deformed slit are clearly visible.

The most common reasons:

• endocrine diseases, especially diabetes;
• immunological pathologies: rheumatism, lupus erythematosus, etc .;
• metabolic diseases, such as gout;
• circulatory disorders;
• injuries, intra-articular fractures;
• congenital defects (dysplasia) of the joints.

Subchondral sclerosis of articular surfaces can develop under the negative influence of such factors:

• elderly age;
• overweight, obesity;
• sedentary lifestyle;
• hereditary predisposition.

Symptoms

At stage 1 of subchondral sclerosis of articular surfaces, bone tissue deformations are minimal, so freedom of movement is limited only slightly. Painful sensations are absent. However, at 2 stages the mobility of the joints is significantly lost.

As the joint articulation narrows, pain appears. At 3 stages of the movement is already strongly constrained. Friction of the surfaces of bones causes unbearable pain. At 4 stages, the ability to flex and unbend the joints is lost.

The consolidation of their structure can lead to complete immobility and disability.

When the disease is just beginning to develop, the symptoms are poorly felt. Subchondral sclerosis is manifested by dull pain in the neck, lower back when the head is tilted, body body.

As osteophytes injure blood vessels and nerve fibers, dizziness, ringing in the ears, numbness of limbs, impaired vision, hearing.

At the last stages of motor activity is lost completely.

Knee and elbow joints

At first, the sclerosis of the bony surfaces is manifested with a painless crunch, light clicks at the movements of the hands, feet. Over time, a person begins to experience discomfort, bending limbs.

Gradually, the process of extending the arms or legs becomes more difficult: pain occurs when the person tries to straighten the limb. If subchondral sclerosis is not treated, it becomes increasingly difficult.

Hip Joint

Movement is chained in the morning. Excruciate pain in the waist, pelvis, which worsen when walking, at night.

Subchondral sclerosis of bone surfaces can cause disruption of the bowel, urogenital organs, tachycardia, retrosternal pain, sensation of shortness of breath.

Over time, there is lameness, the patient can not do without a cane, and then without a wheelchair.

How to treat articular surface sclerosis

The main method of diagnosis - radiography, which allows to determine the features of pathology. The treatment of the main ailment is the root cause of the joint disease.

To stop painful sensations, anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics, physiotherapy procedures are prescribed. Improve the condition of the tissues helps with drugs with chondroitin and glucosamine.

However, drugs only stop the progression of pathology.

Surgical interventions are rarely practiced, because even operations do not provide a complete cure.

Partly restore the mobility of the joints help manual therapy, physical therapy, massage, swimming, yoga elements, pilates.

It is important that the food is full, balanced, with lots of vegetables, fruits, seafood.

A source: http://sovets.net/6895-subkhondralnyi-skleroz-sustavnykh-poverkhnostei.html

Subchondral sclerosis of the hip joint

Subchondral sclerosis of the hip joint is a degenerative process in the head of the femur, which develops with deforming arthrosis.

What is subchondral sclerosis?

Sclerosis refers to the replacement of a normally functioning tissue with a connective tissue that can not perform the necessary functions. With subchondral sclerosis, the pathological process occurs in the so-called closure plate.

It is under the articular cartilage and is a peripheral part of the epiphysis - the head of the femur.
The development of subchondar sclerosis provokes dystrophic changes in cartilage: a decrease in its thickness, a decrease in elasticity, and the appearance of roughness.

In connection with this, the depreciation capacity of the cartilaginous tissue worsens, because of which the epiphysis underneath undergoes great loads. This leads to a violation of calcium metabolism and deterioration of blood circulation and bone tissue, as well as subsequent necrosis of its areas.

In place of dead osteocytes, actively dividing cells of connective tissue come.

What is dangerous for this condition?

Subchondral sclerosis is accompanied by the appearance of osteophytes - pathological outgrowths on the surface of the damaged bone.

Their size and strength increase, which seriously limits the amplitude of movements in the joint, up to the contracture - its complete immobility.

In addition, the formation of "bone spurs" is accompanied by increased painful sensations. This causes the person to spare the limb when walking.

As this progresses, this pathological process leads to deformation of the joint surfaces bones, which is fraught with destabilization of the joint, the development of subluxations, dislocations and pathological fractures.

This condition is not considered an independent disease, it is pathological the process that develops most often with degenerative-dystrophic joint disease - arthrosis. Accordingly, the causes of subchondral sclerosis of the hip joint can be as follows:

• injuries that have not been cured properly (fractures of the pelvis or head of the femur, dislocations);
• metabolic disorders (eg, diabetes mellitus);
• endocrine diseases;
• Infectious inflammation of the joint;
• rheumatoid arthritis;
• inflammation of the joint with systemic lupus erythematosus or psoriasis;
• Dysplasia - congenital pathological feature leading to disruption of joint function;
• Perthes disease - aseptic (non-infectious) necrosis of the head of the femur.

Particular attention should be paid to the presence of factors predisposing to the development of arthrosis and subchondral sclerosis. They are:

• elderly age;
• irrational nutrition;
• smoking;
• overweight;
• hypodynamia;
• heavy physical activity;
• systematic overcooling.
• postmenopausal period;
• osteoporosis.

What are the signs of subchondral sclerosis?

Symptoms of this pathological condition are signs of arthrosis of the hip joint (coxarthrosis), namely, its second and third stages, since it is at these stages of the disease that sclerosis begins and formation takes place osteophytes:

1. Characteristic pain in the joint, which can occur at night, when walking, standing and sitting.
2. Stiffness, stiffness of the joint immediately after awakening, passing after a certain time, is noted.
3. Over time, the limitation of walking distance progresses, it becomes increasingly difficult to overcome certain distances.
4. There is lameness, eventually leading to a pathological type of motion.
5. There is a need to use an additional support - a cane or crutch.

Such symptoms indicate a long course of pathological processes and the presence of irreversible changes.

Therefore, one should not wait for the onset of subchondral sclerosis, it is necessary to go to the doctor at the initial stage development of arthrosis, when in the joint regularly there are unpleasant sensations when walking, and periodically heard crunch.

In order to detect changes, the doctor prescribes an x-ray of the hip joint. For arthrosis, the pictures show:

• narrowing of the joint space;
• the presence of bone acuminate in various sizes - osteophytes;
• compaction of the shadow under the closure plate and in some parts of the femoral head (directly indicative of subchondral sclerosis);
• the appearance in the area of ​​the head of the bone oval enlightenments with clear contours - bone cysts.

In the later stages, there is an impression - the crease of the closure plate, which in the picture is manifested by the discrepancy between the articular surfaces of the bones to each other.

As an additional examination, ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging can be performed.

These methods make it possible to assess the condition of the capsule of the joint, its ligaments, menisci (if it is a pathology of the knee joint), surrounding soft tissues, clarify the localization and size of cysts and osteophytes, assess the degree of subchondral sclerosis.

To choose the most appropriate treatment tactics, it is important for the doctor to know what causes led to the development of arthrosis and sclerosis.

To this end, he can prescribe various blood tests that will help to identify inflammatory processes, metabolic and endocrine disorders, the presence of rheumatoid factor and signs of other conditions.

Treatment and prevention

Elimination of subchondral sclerosis occurs during the treatment of arthrosis.

For this, various medications are used: antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids.

In addition, as a drug treatment chondroprotectors are used, which contribute to the restoration of cartilaginous tissue.

Physiotherapeutic treatment plays a big role, it includes performing special exercises in water, massage, ultrasound therapy, warming up, stimulation with electric current. In addition, it is important to carefully dose the load on the joint.

Prevention of arthrosis and subchondral sclerosis includes the elimination of predisposing factors.

This means that you need to give up harmful habits, ensure that all necessary nutrients enter the body, get rid of excess weight, and do physical exercises.

Such measures will help maintain normal nutrition of the cartilaginous tissue and remove some of the load from the joint by training the muscles.

Separately, it should be said about the timely detection and elimination of congenital dysplasia of the hip joint in children.

Eliminate such a feature without any consequences can be conservative, but only on the condition that the treatment will be started at an early age.

As the child grows up in the joint, irreversible changes occur that in the future become the cause of arthrosis and subchondral sclerosis.

To eliminate dysplasia in late diagnosis is usually possible only promptly. Consultation of the pediatrician is required if the child shows an obvious asymmetry of skin folds (one fold more on one leg) and shortening of one leg.

A source: http://1PoSustavam.ru/tazobedrennyj/subxondralnyj-skleroz-tazobedrennogo-sustava.html