Types of bronchitis in children

Bronchitis in children: acute, obstructive bronchitis, symptoms, treatment

Bronchitis in children most often occurs in the form of complications against the background of acute respiratory viral infection, influenza or a severe cold, hypothermia. The provoking factors of bronchitis are seasonal sharp temperature changes, especially periods of rain with high humidity, so this disease usually occurs in the fall or spring.

In form, all bronchitis in children are divided into: Acute, Prolonged and Recurrent.

For reasons of occurrence, depends on the pathogen of inflammation and is divided into:

Viral - influenza, adenoviruses, parainfluenza
Bacterial - can be acute and obstructive (the causative agent is streptococcus, staphylococcus, moraxelly, hemophilic rod, as well as mycoplasma and chlamydia)
Allergic, obstructive, asthmatic - arises from irritating chemical or physical factors, such as household chemicals, house dust (read about the symptoms of allergy to dust), animal hair, plant pollen and others.

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Bronchitis in a child up to a year - symptoms and treatment

Children who are breastfed and who do not have contact with sick children and adults should not have any respiratory illnesses. However, if the child was born prematurely, has congenital malformations of the respiratory organs and other diseases, as well as in the family there are preschool children attending kindergartens and often ill - the development of bronchitis in a child up to a year is possible by the following reasons:

narrower than the adult, bronchi, a more dry and vulnerable mucosa of the respiratory tract
existing congenital malformations
after a viral or bacterial infection
the presence of individual sensitivity to chemical and physical stimuli - an allergy to anything.

Acute bronchitis in children symptoms treatment

The most basic symptoms of developing bronchitis are a severe dry cough, paroxysmal, accompanied by difficulty breathing, shortness of breath. Gradually, the cough becomes moist, but mucus, sputum during bronchitis in a child up to a year of significant hinders breathing, normal lung function is disrupted, since the airway in infancy narrow. Bronchitis in children up to a year and even up to 3-4 years is most often the following:

Acute bronchitis simple
Obstructive bronchitis
Bronchiolitis

On acute and obstructive bronchitis, we will dwell in more detail below. And now consider the most common in children under one year oldbronchiolitis.

Bronchitis in children under one year of age - bronchiolitis

This bronchitis affects both small bronchi and bronchioles, develops more often against the background of acute respiratory viral infections, influenza viruses with the subsequent reproduction of pneumococci (and so on. streptococci). In case of inhalation of icy air or sharp concentrations of various gases, bronchiolitis can develop as an independent disease. The danger of such bronchitis is a pronounced bronchoobstructive syndrome with the development of sometimes even acute respiratory failure:

Characterized by dry cough attacks, pronounced dyspnea mixed or expiratory form with syndromes of swelling of the wings nose, with the involvement of ancillary muscles, the entrainment of the intercostal spaces of the chest, the pallor of the skin, cyanosis.
The child has dry mouth, no tears when crying.
The child eats less and drinks than usual, respectively, and his urination is more rare.
Increased body temperature, but unlike pneumonia, it is less pronounced (see. whether it is necessary to bring down the temperature).
Shortness of breath to 60-80 breaths per minute, while breathing is grunting, superficial.
On both sides are heard diffuse wet ringing finely bubbling and crepitating rales.
Symptoms of intoxication in bronchiolitis in children are not expressed.
X-ray is determined by the sharp transparency of the lung tissue, the variegation of the pattern, the horizontal standing of the ribs, the absence of infiltrative changes in the lungs.
If at first there was a simple bronchitis, then the attachment of bronchiolitis after a while is manifested by a sharp deterioration of the general condition of the child, cough becomes more painful and intense, with scanty phlegm.
Children are usually very restless, moody, excited.
The blood test can be slightly changed, a slight leukocytosis and an increase in ESR are possible.
Usually, bronchiolitis in children up to one year has a prolonged course until 1 months.
The causes of acute bronchiolitis in children are similar to the causes of development of obstructive bronchitis in children older than 2-4 years. The local immune system of the respiratory tract in children under 2 years is weak, protection against viruses is not enough, so they easily penetrate deep into bronchioles and small bronchi.

Treatment of bronchiolitis in children

At home, you can not cure bronchiolitis. When a bronchiolitis occurs, the infant is usually shown hospitalization, so that the child is under the supervision of doctors. In the hospital pediatricians, pulmonologists will establish an accurate diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment. What should my mom do before the ambulance arrives?

You can only alleviate the symptoms of colds - create optimally comfortable air in the room, turn on the humidifier, air purifier.

If there is no high temperature in the child, you can ease breathing with warming creams and ointments, spread them legs, calves. Only with this you need to be cautious if the child has not had any allergic manifestations before, then it helps a lot if a child allergic, warming ointments should be excluded.

To cough softer, you can do steam inhalation-above a boiling pot with a weak saline solution, hold the baby in her arms. Or sit him down at the table and cover with a towel over a cup of hot medical solution.

Try to force the baby to drink more to avoid dehydration, if the child refuses the breast or mixture, give the child just pure water.

In the hospital to relieve the signs of respiratory failure, the baby is given inhalations with bronchodilators and allowed to breathe oxygen. Also at the doctor's discretion, an antibiotic is selected - Sumamed, Macroben, Augmentin, Amoxiclav. It is possible to use various drugs with interferon. Necessarily prescribe antihistamines for the removal of edema at the site of inflammation and a possible allergic reaction to treatment. If symptoms of dehydration are observed, then the necessary rehydration therapy is performed.

Acute bronchitis in children - symptoms

Bronchitis in children is the most common form of respiratory tract disease. Acute bronchitis is an acute inflammation of the bronchial mucosa without symptoms of inflammation of the lung tissue. Simple bronchitis in children in 20% of a self-contained bacterial disease, 80% - either in a program of viruses (Coxsackie virus, adenovirus, influenza, parainfluenza) or as a bacterial complication after these viral infections.

Clinical symptoms of bronchitis in children are as follows:

First, the child has general weakness, malaise, headache, lack of appetite, then there is a dry cough or cough with sputum, the intensity of which is rapidly increasing, while listening to determine the dry diffuse or variously moist wheezing. Sometimes there may be a barking cough in a child whose treatment is slightly different.

In the first 2 days, the temperature rises to 38 ° C, but with a mild form, the temperature can be 37-3,.

After 6-7 days, the dry cough becomes wet, the sputum discharge facilitates the child's condition and is a good sign that the body is coping with the infection and the virus.

On average, the duration of acute bronchitis in children is 7-21 days, but the nature of the disease, the severity of the inflammatory process depend on the child's age, the strength of his immune system, the presence of concomitant chronic and systemic diseases. In case of inadequate or untimely treatment, acute bronchitis can lead to addition - bronchiolitis, pneumonia.

Sometimes after the flu, for some time, the child's condition improves, and then a sharp deterioration, a rise in temperature, a rise in the cough - this is due to the weakening of the immune system in the fight against the virus and the attachment of a bacterial infection, in this case it is shown antibiotic.

With mycoplasmal or adenoviral acute bronchitis in children, the symptoms of intoxication, such as high fever, headaches, chills, lack of appetite, can be about a week. Usually acute bronchitis is bilateral, however, with mycoplasma bronchitis it is most often one-sided, sometimes combined with conjunctivitis.

Acute bronchitis in children - treatment

Most often, the duration of acute bronchitis in children, whose treatment is correct and carried out on time, should not be more than 14 days, however, in infants, cough can persist for up to a month, as well as in older children with atypical-mycoplasmic bronchitis. If suddenly the bronchitis in the child is delayed, it is necessary to exclude a number of diseases:

aspiration of food
pneumonia
cystic fibrosis
foreign body in bronchi
tuberculosis infection

A pediatrician prescribes a full treatment package. In addition to implementing all the recommendations of the doctor, you should provide the child with special nutrition and quality care. It is desirable to create in the room the optimum humidity and purity, for this purpose it is convenient to use a humidifier and air purifier, often ventilate the room and conduct daily wet cleaning in the room in which child. And:

Abundant drink

Ensure abundant reception of fluids in a warm form. To soften the cough, warm milk with butter or Borjomi mineral water helps, can be replaced with honey.

Heat

With fever, the temperature just above 38C should take antipyretics - paracetamol in syrup.

Antibiotics

Antibiotics for bronchitis in children, if recommended by a doctor, should be given strictly by the hour. If taking antibacterial drugs is necessary 3 times a day, this does not mean that you must drink from breakfast, lunch and dinner, and this means that their reception should be 24/3 = 8, every 8 hours, if 1 time per day, then give it only at the same time, for example at 9 o'clock morning. 11 rules - how to take antibiotics correctly.

Cough medicine

With a dry cough, the child can be given antitussive medicines as prescribed by the doctor, and when it becomes wet to go on expectorants. With a dry cough, the means can be combined (Sinekod). If the cough is wet, then expectorants are shown - Mucaltin, Bromhexin, Gedelix, Alpine syrup, Thermopsis herb infusion or its dry extract, Bronchicum, Evcabal, Prospan, breastfeeds.

Inhalation

Inhalation in bronchitis in children, the symptoms of which are very pronounced, are well assisted by inhalation with conventional baking soda, called over hot pots, inhalation of sodium bicarbonate using a nebulizer, inhaler.

For babies

For small and infants who do not know how to clear themselves, doctors advise turning the child more often from one side to the other. In this case, sputum is shifted downward, irritating the bronchial wall, this leads to reflex cough.

Distractions

For older children, cans, mustards, hot foot baths, they still help, and if the child has strong immunity, such procedures will help to avoid taking antibiotics. You can soar your baby's legs after 1 year, and also rub them with warming agents - turpentine ointments, Barsukor, Pulmax baby, etc., but only in the case when there is no high temperature, after rubbing, you should warm your feet and wrap child. However, in case of an allergic bronchitis in a child, neither the mustard nor the warming ointments can be used, since the composition of ointments and mustard can worsen the child's condition.

Compresses

With bronchitis in children, the treatment is helped by compresses made from warm oil. Warm sunflower oil to 40 ° C and moisten them with gauze folded several times. This compress should be imposed only on the right side and back of the baby, from above put a plastic bag and a layer of cotton wool, bandage the child around several times. Dress warm clothes, do this procedure for the night, if there is no temperature in the child.

Folk remedies

Old folk way - radish juice with honey, cabbage juice, turnip juice - any of these juices should be given 1 teaspoon 4 times a day. You can give and cranberry juice, mixing it with honey in a ratio of 3/1, a tablespoon 3 times a day.

Massage

The first week is well helped by chest massage, older children would be good at performing breathing exercises.

Physiotherapy with bronchitis

In children, these procedures are prescribed and conducted only at the physician's discretion, these are physiotherapy methods that contribute to faster recovery, because they have an anti-inflammatory effect, however, they can not be performed more often 2 once a year:

Ultraviolet irradiation of the chest
Mud, paraffin applications on the chest and between the shoulder blades
Inductometry on the same areas
Electrophoresis with calcium
SOLLUX ON THE BREAST
Aeronisation by the hydroionizer of the respiratory tract with solutions of chamomile, antibiotics.

Obstructive bronchitis in children symptoms treatment

Prevention of acute bronchitis in children:

Do not allow a prolonged runny nose in a child, timely treatment of any cold and infectious diseases will be the best preventative against penetration of the infection into the lower respiratory tract. ways.

Walking in the fresh air in the park, playing at the cottage, physical exercise in nature, tempering, daily intake of natural vitamins in fruits and vegetables, and not in tablets - the way to the health of your child.

Obstructive bronchitis in children - symptoms

In young children, usually up to 3-4 years of acute bronchitis may be accompanied by an obstructive syndrome - this is an acute obstructive bronchitis. In children, the symptoms of such bronchitis begin more often after viral infections or allergic manifestations on the stimulus.

The main symptoms of obstructive bronchitis:

Harsh, audible long breath with whistling
Coughing with attacks, before vomiting, debilitating
During inhalation, the intercostal spaces are drawn in and chest is swollen with breathing

In obstructive allergic bronchitis, children do not have a temperature, it starts because of an allergic reaction to the strongest irritant for the child, and parents can often remember that they recently bought something for the child - a down pillow or a blanket made of camel or sheep wool, at home breathed in color from repair or went to visit, where there is cat.

In obstructive bronchitis in children, symptoms can begin on the 3rd-4th day of the flu or ARVI, and may also be caused by other bacteria, which is manifested in the appearance of expiratory dyspnea - an increase in the respiratory rate to 60 per minute, it is also noted difficulties when inhaled.

The child begins wheezing, noisy breathing, especially a prolonged wheezing exhale, which is heard by persons near the baby. The thorax is as if swollen, that is, the ribs are horizontally arranged. Cough is dry, obtrusive, bouts, arises suddenly, it does not bring relief and intensifies at night.

If this disease develops not after ARI, then the temperature in the early days is not increased.
Headache, weakness and nausea, are very rare.

When listening there are dry wheezing in the lungs.

X-ray revealed increased transparency, increased pulmonary pattern, in the absence of infiltrative changes in the lungs.

The analysis of blood as a viral infection - lymphocytosis, leukopenia. accelerated ESR, if allergic bronchitis in a child, then eosinophilia.

Almost always obstructive bronchitis is associated with a virus or mycoplasmal infection, relapses of obstructive bronchitis in children most often spontaneously stop by 4 years.
If the bronchioles and small bronchi are affected, then this is an acute bronchiolitis.

Obstructive bronchitis in children differs from asthma attacks, in that obstruction develops slowly, and with asthma the child abruptly begins to suffocate. Although the first attacks of bronchial asthma in children also begin during ARVI. If the obstruction occurs several times a year, it is a signal that the child is at risk for developing bronchial asthma in the future.

Obstructive bronchitis in a child can be due to passive smoking, it can be distinguished by a strong cough with a whistle in the morning, while the child's condition is quite satisfactory. Obstruction with allergies occurs when contact with an allergen and recently it becomes very frequent manifestation in children prone to allergies, such bronchitis are recurrent and threatened with development bronchial asthma.

Allergic and obstructive bronchitis in children - treatment

Hospitalization

In obstructive bronchitis in children up to a year or 2 years, treatment should be performed in a hospital under the supervision of a pediatrician, in other cases at the discretion of the doctor and parents. Treatment is best done in a hospital if:

In addition to obstruction in the child, the symptoms of intoxication are decreased appetite, fever, nausea, general weakness.
Signs of respiratory failure. This is shortness of breath, when the frequency of breathing increases by 10% of the age norm, counting is better done at night, and not during games or crying. In children under 6 months, the respiration rate should not exceed 60 per minute, 6-12 months - 50 breaths, 1-5 years, 40 breaths. Acrocyanosis is a sign of respiratory failure, manifested by cyanotic nasolabial triangle, nails, that is, the body experiences oxygen deficiency.
It is not uncommon for obstructive bronchitis in children to mask pneumonia, so if the doctor suspects pneumonia from hospitalization can not be denied.

Bronchodilators

Bronchiolithics extend the bronchi, so they are designed to relieve obstruction. To date, they are presented in various forms in the pharma industry:

In the form of syrups (Salmeterol, Clenbuterol, Ascoril), which are convenient for young children, their disadvantage is the development of tremors and palpitations.
In the form of solutions for inhalation (see. Berodual for inhalation) - this is the most convenient way for young children, breeding a medicinal solution with a physical solution, inhalation 2-3 times a day, after improvement, it is possible to use only at night. The multiplicity and dosage, as well as the course of treatment is determined only by the pediatrician.
Inhalers-aerosols can be used only for older children (Berodual, Salbutamol).
Such tableted forms of bronchodilators, like theophylline (Teopec, Euphyllin), are not indicated for the therapy of children with obstructive bronchitis, they have more pronounced side effects, are more toxic than local inhalation forms.

Spasmolytics

Can be used to reduce bronchial spasms. This is papaverine or Drotaverin, No-shpa. Their reception can be carried out with the help of an inhaler, orally in the form of tablets or intravenously in a hospital.

Means for coughing

To sputum better departed, various mucoregulatory drugs are used, they help dilute sputum and accelerate its excretion:

These are preparations with active substance ambroksol (Lazolvan, Ambrobene). These drugs can not be taken for more than 10 days, it is most convenient to use them in the form of inhalations, as well as carbocisteine preparations (Fluiditek, Bronhobos, Mukosol).
After the cough became wet, the seizures became less intense, the sputum liquefied, but it departs badly, the ambroxol should be changed to expectorants for cough for children, which should be given no more than 5-10 days, they include Gedelix, Bronchicum, Prospan, Bronhosan, Herbion (cf. Herbion from a dry and wet cough), Tussin, Bronchipret, breastfeeding, .
Codeine-containing drugs for children should not be taken if the child has a seizure-like obsessive cough, the appointment of a doctor can be used Sinekod, Stopusin Fito, Libexin (with caution in childhood), Bronhicum, Broncholitin.
Erespal - promotes both removal of obstruction, and reduction of sputum production, and also it possesses anti-inflammatory activity, is applied from the first days of the disease, reduces the risks of complications, contraindicated in children under 2 years.

Draining massage

To facilitate the departure of sputum, parents can themselves do their child massage the collar zone, chest, back. Especially strong massage should be done for the muscles of the back along the spine. Useful for obstructive bronchitis in children postural massage - that is, efflorescence of the baby's back in the morning, should to hang the child from the bed upside down (padding the pillow under his tummy) and tapping the palms folded in the boat 10-15 minutes. For older children, with a massage, ask the child to take a deep breath, and on an exhalation, tap. Useful and additional exercises such as inflating balloons, blowing out candles.

Antihistamines

Antihistamines are prescribed to children in the presence of allergic reactions. Such medicines for allergies like Eryus in syrup can be taken to children from 1 year, with the half a year it is possible to use Claritin and Zirtek, from 2 years in syrups and drops Cetrin, Zodak, Parlazin (cf. list of medicines for allergies). Such antihistamines of the 1st generation as Suprastin and Tavegil are used less often, only for drying with abundant liquid sputum.

Allergy or virus

If the obstruction is caused by an allergy or a virus - antibiotics can not be used, and even dangerous (see. antibiotics for colds and orgs). The appointment of antibiotics is possible only with the proven infectious origin of bronchitis in children.

When antibiotics are indicated

Treatment of bronchial obstruction with antibiotics is not indicated, only if the child has a fever over 4 days, or there was a second temperature jump to 39C after 4-5 days after the onset of the disease, accompanied by severe intoxication, severe coughing if with adequate treatment, the child suddenly becomes apathetic, sluggish, refuses to eat, has weakness, nausea, headaches and even vomiting. In such cases, the use of antibiotics is justified. They are prescribed only by a pediatrician on the basis of a clinical picture, the presence of purulent sputum (indicating bacterial bronchitis), inflammatory changes in the analysis of blood, as well as other signs of bacterial bronchitis or pneumonia (wheezing, x-ray signs).

Antiviral drugs

Most doctors recommend that for ARVI and flu, take antiviral drugs, for babies candles Genferon, Viferon, and also in the form of drops Gripferon, Interferon, take Orvire syrups (remantadine), and after three years of age tableted forms such as Kagocel and Arbidol, Cytovir 3. But it is worth remembering that if in a family history (close relatives) there are any autoimmune diseases (Sjogren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic red lupus, diffuse toxic goiter, vitiligo, multiple sclerosis, pernicious anemia, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, myasthenia gravis, uveitis, Addison's disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis, scleroderma) it is impossible to take immunostimulants (Kagocel, Cytovir, Amiksin), it can cause a debut of an autoimmune disease in a child, possibly not now, and later (see. more antiviral drugs for orvi).

Hormonal therapy

Hormonal drugs, such as Pulcicort, are indicated only in severe or moderate leaks obstructive bronchitis (usually with the help of a nebulizer) they quickly stop obstruction and inflammation, their appoint only a doctor.

What not to do

In obstructive bronchitis in children - treatment by rubbing and spreading the body of the child with various heating oils (Dr. Mohm ointment, ointments with medicinal plants, essential oils), the use of mustard plasters is unacceptable, since they cause an even more allergic reaction and bronchospasm, especially in toddlers up to 3 years. Also categorically it is impossible to carry out inhalations with bronchitis with various medicinal herbs and essential oils. It is only possible to use such folk remedies for warming up - heat compresses with potatoes, salt, buckwheat.

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapeutic procedures in the acute period are contraindicated, when the obstruction is already stopped, it is possible to perform UHF, electrophoresis or laser.

Hypoallergenic diet and plentiful drink

Any natural drinks - mineral water with milk, tea, broth of a dogrose, it is necessary to drink to the child as often as possible. The diet should be hypoallergenic, but at the same time maximally vitaminized, high in protein and fat content. Exclude from the diet of the child anything that can cause an allergic reaction:

citrus, red and orange fruit
purchased spices, sweets, milk cheeses, yoghurts, carbonated drinks, sausages and sausages - everything that contains dyes, flavors, preservatives and flavor enhancers
honey and other beekeeping products
fish, grown on fish farms, broiler chickens, as they are stuffed with hormones and antibiotics, which causes allergies.

When caring for a child, you should daily aerate, moisten the room where the child is. It's hot in the apartment should not be, it's better to have a cool, fresh, clean air. After the recovery of the child should be put on a dispensary record with an allergist.

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Types and signs of bronchitis

Bronchitis is a disease in which the mucous membrane of the bronchi is inflamed. Types of bronchitis are different in their etiology and causes of onset.

Various factors can provoke the disease, but the main one is a decrease in immunity. If the body has a weak immune system, even an ordinary infection can lead to the onset of the disease.

Some people develop unilateral bronchitis, but basically all bronchi are affected.

Types of bronchitis

According to the development of the disease, bronchitis can be of primary and secondary type. The primary form arises as an independent disease, while the inflammation does not spread further, remains in the bronchi.

The secondary form arises as an additional manifestation against the background of the already present disease.

Acute and chronic bronchitis

Acute bronchitis can have various causes of origin:

viral, bacterial, viral-bacterial infection;
non-infectious factors (effects on the body of chemical and physical substances, allergens);
mixed factors (ingested infection and the action of physico-chemical substances).

There can be inflammation in different parts of the bronchi, so you can divide the bronchitis into such forms:

tracheobronchitis;
bronchitis;
bronchitis, in which the bronchi of medium and small caliber are affected.

Despite the fact that today the disease is treated without problems, with incorrectly prescribed treatment or due to self-medication, not only pneumonia, but also chronic bronchitis can occur.

A major role in the emergence of chronic form is played by pollutants - substances that are contained in the inspired air. They have a different chemical structure and have a negative effect, irritating the bronchial mucosa. The first place is taken by tobacco smoke, for this reason almost every inveterate smoker has chronic bronchitis.

Can I treat bronchitis myself?

Regardless of what type of bronchitis is diagnosed, treatment of the disease should be monitored doctor, and it is better to do it in a stationary environment, because the disease is fraught with serious enough problems with health. Inflammation of the lungs, which can occur as a result of an untreated bronchitis, as is known, in some cases results in a fatal outcome or a complication of the heart.

Many people engaged in self-treatment of bronchitis, suffer further chronic bronchial asthma. Therefore, when the first symptoms of the disease should consult a doctor. In addition, bronchitis can have a different etiology, which can not be detected independently. It is necessary to know what antibiotics should be selected in order to kill this or that virus or bacteria that provoked bronchitis.

Catarrhal bronchitis

This species is a neglected form of the disease. Almost always this bronchitis ends in a chronic form. It is characterized by an abundant release of mucus, but the absence of damage processes. It is possible to single out one, but the main reason for the occurrence of the disease is the wrong treatment, even the common cold. Also, the disease can occur in smokers, people living in unsanitary conditions, because of hypothermia and if a person contacts a patient.

Sputum for catarrhal and purulent bronchitis

The main symptoms include a strong, deep, piercing cough, accompanied by sputum, high fever, weakness, sweating. When the disease is at the initial stage, cough may not be strong, but after 2-3 days it is aggravated. If the necessary treatment is not carried out within 2 weeks, the disease is modified into a chronic form, which practically does not respond to treatment.

For the treatment of catarrhal bronchitis, doctors use antibiotics, physiotherapy procedures.The key to success is bed rest, copious drinking and fulfilling all doctor's prescriptions.

Chlamydia bronchitis

It occurs against the background of microorganisms present in the organism from the genus Chlamydia (Chlamydia pneumoniae). The consequences of this type of disease - obstructive bronchitis and bronchial asthma. In most cases, chlamydial bronchitis is affected by children. It should be noted that this form of the disease can be detected only in the laboratory. During the analysis antibodies to chlamydia (or DNA of microorganisms) in blood of the sick person are revealed.

The main symptoms include the appearance of a relapsing dry cough, which in some cases is accompanied by suffocation, breathing wheezing, and the larynx is inflamed. Too high temperature is not typical for this type of bronchitis (3, -38 ° C). Prolonged untreated bronchitis of chlamydial type is characterized by paroxysmal and moist cough. If you do not turn in time to the hospital, chlamydial pneumonia develops.

To treat such types of bronchitis doctors use macrolides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines.

Infectious and toxic bronchitis

Its second name - bronchitis obliterans, it is an uncomplicated form, proceeds easily and almost always ends in absolute recovery. The risk group is the elderly, as well as those with cardiovascular diseases.

Disease of bronchitis obliterans is manifested by runny nose, fatigue, chills due to fever body, pain in the musculature, inflammation of the nasopharynx, dry cough (in the early days), which is replaced wet. Sputum can be white, yellow or green. In the event that the disease is started, the airways narrow, so wheezing occurs. If you do not start timely treatment, you can develop pneumonia. Most often, the disease occurs in the winter due to viruses and pathogens.

Depending on the bacteria or viruses caused by infectious bronchitis, a course of antibiotics, physiotherapy is prescribed.

The toxic form of bronchitis is a very common disease that occurs due to damage to the mucous membrane by chemicals and poisons. What will be the degree of damage depends on how deeply poisonous substances have got into the bronchi (root can develop bronchitis). The first symptoms appear immediately after the poison begins to act. This disease manifests itself in a low-yielding cough, pains and perspiration in the larynx, burning in the chest. Distinguishing signs - the appearance of lacrimation, photophobia, cyanosis of the skin. Breathing becomes hard, a cough increases in the day after the lesion, there is a buzzing and wheezing wheezing, and after a cough, a person experiences rapid breathing of up to 30 breaths per minute. It seems that the patient can not breathe. In some cases, pathological changes in the cardiovascular system, tachycardia, or vegetovascular crises may occur. If intoxication is easy, then recovery occurs in 3-4 weeks.

The peculiarity of toxic inflammation lies in the fact that a serious and deep lesion of the bronchial tree can occur, which causes endobronchitis, peribronchitis. It is for this reason that pneumosclerosis or toxic pneumosclerosis develops.

Sometimes an infection can attach to toxic bronchitis. Such changes in almost all cases lead to the fact that bronchitis becomes chronic.

Treatment of toxic bronchitis should start from the first days of defeat, in order not to suffer a lifelong chronic form in the future.

Spastic, congestive and deforming bronchitis

Spastic bronchitis is typical for childhood. The fact is that in children the bronchial lumens are narrowed much more than in adults. Therefore, the mucous membrane can swell and mucus. For this reason, airway obstruction occurs.

There is a disease mainly against the background of viruses that enter the children's body. The patient has shortness of breath, wheezing at the time when he exhales air, cough, skin becomes pale, sometimes the appearance of cyanosis. Characteristic for spasmodic bronchitis is increased body temperature, increased heart rate and general weakness.

The most unpleasant thing is when the disease affects the bronchial tubes of babies, because they can not yet tell about their feelings. Therefore, at the first sign, especially if the cough of a newborn is wheezing and strong, you should immediately go to the hospital.

This type of bronchitis is fraught with emphysema of the lungs, which occurs if there is no proper treatment for spastic bronchitis.

The treatment is aimed at removing the spasms and destroying as soon as possible the infection that triggered the inflammatory process. For this, bronchodilators, antihistamines, sedatives are used. Requires bed rest. After in-patient treatment, a sanatorium stay is recommended.

Congestive bronchitis occurs on the background of heart failure. In this case, the liquid is located not only in the bronchial region, but also in the intermediate tissue, the alveoli. The disease can occur both without obvious symptoms, and, conversely, with pronounced symptoms. A person can complain of a cough, but no other pathological changes are observed. In some patients, there is no cough, and when listening there are clear dry rales. In some people, breathing becomes difficult because the swelling of the lung tissue develops. During the cough, sputum is clearly secreted with yellowish clots. In sputum with congestive bronchitis there is a large content of protein molecules. It is on this basis that this type of bronchitis is determined in laboratories.

Treatment of congestive bronchitis is carried out only in a stationary setting, because attacks of acute heart failure can be repeated.

The deforming form of bronchitis (destructive) is a diffuse and progressive lesion of the bronchi (diffuse bronchitis). The disease does not occur against the background of allergies. Thus there are bronchospasmatic attacks. Cough accompanied by sputum. This kind of bronchitis almost always becomes chronic. Treatment is carried out only under the supervision of a specialist.

This disease can be inherited, so if there were any cases of illness in the family, the children are at risk. Treatment of deforming bronchitis provides for the elimination of the inflammatory process, the normalization of bronchial patency.

Professional and terry bronchitis

Professional bronchitis is also called dust. This form of aura arises not because of viruses and bacteria, but as a consequence of the mechanical and chemical effects of substances that are contained in the air. Professional type of bronchitis is a chronic disease. Most often this type of bronchitis sick miners, metallurgists, chemists, hairdressers. This form of the disease is divided into dust and toxic-dust (if dust contains poisonous substances that settle on the epithelium, which lined bronchi).

Symptoms: dry cough, practically not accompanied by phlegm, breathing becomes heavy, wheezing, whistling. The disease has several degrees of severity. The disease can occur paroxysmally and occurs several times a year.

The treatment of this type of bronchitis is long and is aimed at eliminating the narrowing of bronchial lumens and the relief of spasmodic cough.

Terry bronchitis in addition to coughing has such symptoms as tingling and itching on the skin, a feeling of tightness in the sternum, pain in the heart area. Then there are wheezing, pain in the waist and abdomen.

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Bronchitis in children: how is treatment folk remedies?

When detect bronchitis in children, treatment with folk remedies is in addition to medical therapy. First of all, of course, it is necessary to conduct timely diagnostics, to determine to what extent the airways are narrowed. All this can be done only by specialists, so it is absolutely necessary to contact the clinic.

Modern equipment easily reveals that lung function is impaired, allows to notice obstructive and restructive disorders affecting respiratory function. Timely diagnosis helps cure bronchitis, not allowing neglect of the disease. Small children are often prone to various diseases, while bronchitis is one of the most common diseases in young children.

Bronchitis is an acute inflammation of the bronchial mucosa, which is caused by the causative agent of the infection. This disease disrupts the usual activity of the bronchial glands, why in them begins the development of a viscous secretion, which is difficult to remove by coughing. Respiratory ways are blocked with phlegm, the child becomes difficult to breathe, and a dry cough begins to excruciate him.

Why does the baby develop bronchitis?

The most common cause of the appearance of this disease is the ingestion of a bacterial or viral infection into the child's organism, which irritates the bronchial mucosa.

It happens that bronchitis is caused, even when an alien object gets into the respiratory tract and damages them (this may be a small detail of a toy or a designer).

In addition, the child's respiratory system can be affected by allergies, infections caused by parasites or poisoning with chemicals.

In addition, the disease can be provoked by sharp seasonal temperature changes, for example, during the rainy season, because during this period, humidity rises. Therefore, in autumn and spring, the probability for a child to develop bronchitis increases several times.

What types of bronchitis are known to modern medicine?

Isolate such types of bronchitis in children, as acute, chronic and recurrent forms.

In addition, for reasons of origin, depending on what was the causative agent of the infection, the disease also has a division.

For example, a virus is considered to be that bronchitis, which was caused by a flu or adenovirus, bacterial - triggered by streptococci, staphylococci, chlamydia or a hemophilic rod, and allergic or obstructive is called the bronchitis caused by chemical irritants or dust in the house, the coat of pets, pollen plants.

How to recognize the beginning of bronchitis in children?

First of all, a child with bronchitis has difficulty breathing, wheezing, poor overall health, the baby becomes sluggish and weak, the temperature may rise.

Coryza - this is a common phenomenon in this disease, especially in its beginning.

However, cough is the most obvious sign of the bronchitis that has begun. It can be both a dry and wet cough with the discharge of purulent sputum or its absence.

With chronic bronchitis, sputum is usually secreted with pus, and in case of acute bronchitis - clear phlegm. A continuous cough can cause pain in the chest.

Methods of treatment of children's bronchitis

Sometimes it happens that bronchitis in young children is difficult. But with rapid diagnosis and the appointment of proper treatment, the mucous membrane of the baby is possible restore quickly enough, the cough disappears, and after a few weeks the disease completely retreats.

All this time the child should be observed by a pediatrician: he diagnoses the disease, determines the severity of bronchitis, prescribes treatment, selects the most suitable medications.

Usually, children are assigned bed rest and a special diet, it is necessary to drink a large amount of liquid, especially if there is an increased temperature. Helping also herbal inhalation and antipyretics.

How are bronchitis treated in children treated with folk remedies?

Folk remedies are able to treat bronchitis in children, while causing minimal damage to their fragile body. Traditional medicine has many good recipes for relieving symptoms of bronchitis.

Recipe 1: decoction against chronic bronchitis

For this herbal decoction is taken 16 st. l. Labrador tea, 4 tbsp. l. kidney birch, 8 tbsp. l. herbs of oregano and 4 tbsp. l. leaves of dioecious nettle. These herbs in fresh form must be crushed, mixed, poured, l boiled water. Put the boil for 10-12 minutes, then pour into a thermos and leave to infuse. Filter once after a lapse of 30 minutes. Drink a decoction of 70 g 3 times a day after eating.

Recipe 2: black radish in the fight against coughing

Black radish juice is often treated dry and wet cough, this remedy is affordable and effective. To do this, the radish is cut into cubes, sprinkled with a lot of sugar and left for 12 hours to brew at room temperature. Thus, the juice is produced, which is drained and given to a sick child every 2 hours for 1 tbsp. l.

Recipe 3: milk decoction, relieving cough

Remarkably struggling with a cough during bronchitis is a milk broth, which includes not only milk, but also figs or onions and garlic. To prepare the broth take a liter of milk, 10 onions and 1 head of garlic. Milk pour into a container, where the onions with garlic lie, put on the stove (should boil), cook on low heat, until the onions with garlic are completely soft. Then the container is removed from the plate, the liquid is filtered, and the juice of mint is added (proportion:). It is accepted for 1 tbsp. l. every 50-60 minutes.

If you use figs, then 2 of its berries are filled with a glass of milk and boiled for 2 minutes. Cooled broth is given to the child 4 times a day (a quarter cup) after eating.

Recipe 4: treatment of acute bronchitis with vegetable oil

Another simple, affordable and yet effective way to overcome the symptoms of acute bronchitis is the use of vegetable oil. To do this, the oil must be boiled with a water bath. Now take a large towel, which is soaked with preheated oil, slightly cool (it should be warm). In this towel the child wraps up, a thin oilcloth is put on top and covered with a warm blanket.

Recipe 5: goat fat (internal and external means)

The popular treatment of childhood bronchitis with such a means as goat fat implies not one method. So, for example, to ingest goat fat is pre-melted, milk is heated, dissolved fat is added, this mixture is allowed to drink to the sick child. In addition, the same melted goat fat is used to lubricate the baby's feet and chest.

And goat's milk will raise the baby's immunity, especially since the body absorbs such milk well, allergic reactions usually do not occur.

Recipe 6: boiled potatoes in the treatment of bronchitis in children

This is one of the best folk recipes, passed the test of time. Unrefined potatoes are brewed, then softened, the resulting mass is given the shape of two flat cakes. Hot (not so that you can burn yourself) tortillas wrapped in a towel and placed on the chest of the child, as well as between the shoulder blades. After that, it is necessary to wrap the baby well and leave lying down until the cakes cease to be warm. Then immediately you need to wipe the child and change. It is best to take this medication before you put the baby to bed.

Folk methods of treating bronchitis are effective and do not cause negative consequences (like dysbiosis), unlike medicines. But, using different ways of treating traditional medicine, it is necessary to remember that it is mandatory to visit a doctor. It is necessary to consult a specialist in any treatment. One should be careful, trying to help the baby on their own, because of allergic reactions to any of the products of folk treatment, no one is immune.