The attack of bronchial asthma in patients with children and adults develops with increased sensitivity of the bronchi to various allergens, and some patients know what they are allergic to. When contact with allergens arises bronchospasm, which prevents the normal passage of air into the pulmonary system. Bronchial spasm in bronchial asthma is manifested by difficulty in getting out, with a strong cough and an attack of suffocation.
Independently, at home, an attack of bronchial asthma will not work. The disease must be treated with all possible medicinal forms, including inhalation, in order to prevent suffocation.
Today we will consider an attack of bronchial asthma, its symptoms, the provision of emergency care in a fit of suffocation, than how and to remove an attack( its arresting) in a child and an adult at home.
CONTENTS
Causes of an attack of suffocation: why the patient suffocates
The most common causes of an asthmatic attack can be smoking( passive and active), and asthma can also be triggered by household chemicals and immediate medical therapy.
It should be borne in mind that the reasons may be quite different, but they all provoke acute asthmatic symptoms that can occur within a few minutes, so timely pre-hospital care is important.
The mechanism of development of an asthmatic attack is characterized by allergic reactions of a delayed type, when as a result of the action of external and internal stimuli an inflammatory process of the bronchial system is triggered, which provokes an attack of suffocation.
The triggering mechanism of external stimuli( pollen, dust, products, drugs, anesthetics, etc.) directly depends on the severity of asthma and the susceptibility of the patient's immune system. In addition, an external irritant is some viruses and bacteria that, in combination with heredity, can trigger the mechanism of asthma and trigger a new attack.
The triggering mechanism of an attack can depend on the age category of the patient. As a rule, in children suffering from bronchial asthma, by the age of puberty there can come a persistent remission. If the initial mechanism of development of asthmatic diseases occurs at a mature age, a bronchial attack can proceed unpredictably. In some patients, asthma can progress with increasing severity, provoking serious complications, for example, asthmatic status. In others, the attack is able to flow undulating, alternating with remissions and exacerbations.
Signs of bronchial asthma
To determine the causes of the disease, the patient is diagnosed with a clinical picture that manifests itself as respiratory failure. Palpation determines the increase in the liver( especially during pregnancy), which is explained by the displacement of the liver down by enlarged lungs. Diagnosis reveals the expansion of their boundaries, and with auscultation a long long exhalation and deaf tones of a different nature are heard.
During an attack, the diagnosis of cardiac activity determines the increase in heart rate, which subsequently confirms the data of laboratory tests. Diagnosis involves conducting a blood test. If there is an increased amount of eosinophils, then the mechanism of development of bronchial asthma is allergic in nature.
Diagnosis of acute respiratory failure is carried out using a peak flow meter, which determines the maximum rate of exhalation. As a rule, the mechanism of development of an asthmatic attack is characterized by a triad( cough, dyspnea, wheezing).In this case, diagnosis is not difficult.
To determine the mechanism and stage of bronchial obstruction, its changes and the possibility of reversibility, it is possible with the help of spirometry with subsequent evaluation of the result before and after inhalation with beta-adrenomimetics.
Symptoms of an attack of bronchial asthma
The mechanism of a bronchial attack is characterized by acute development, which leads to a deterioration in the general condition of the patient. As a rule, there is shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing. These symptoms are manifested:
- sudden onset or gradual increase in symptoms. There are practically no negative symptoms between attacks, only occasionally auscultatory examinations reveal weak wheezing in the respiratory system;
- attack of bronchial asthma is quite difficult to confuse with other conditions. With a sudden development, dyspnea almost immediately appears, a loud wheezing and a dry, painful cough accompanied by a gasp;
- deserves special attention cough, which appears with asthma. It can be dry and wet. If the initial stage of asthma is not provided with emergency therapy, the symptoms progress dramatically, and dyspnea may become asthmatic;
- the patient feels increased weakness, headaches and heart problems( heart rate reaches 140 beats per 1 minute).There may be skin itching, frequent sneezing and other secondary symptoms;
- with an uncontrolled( protracted) seizure may appear characteristic symptoms of increasing cyanosis, coughing, and a threadlike pulse. They may indicate asthmatic status( the most severe condition of the patient), the development of which requires first aid in any form( inhalation, oral preparations, injections) to avoid complications. To reduce the choking, the patient takes the most comfortable position. This allows you to slightly reduce the symptoms of the disease.
Asthma attack stages
Asthmatic attack is characterized by three stages:
- I stage of severity - a prolonged attack, not amenable to treatment with beta mimetics;
- II stage of severity - at this stage there is an auscultatory manifestation of "mute" areas in the lungs;
- III stage of severity - the most difficult degree, when the symptoms are not amenable to treatment. At the same time, a sharp drop in blood pressure is noted and hypercapnic coma may develop.
Mortality from an asthmatic attack occurs very rarely and, as a rule, its immediate causes depend on the possibility of complications. The most dangerous complications are considered acute asphyxia( as a result of blockage of bronchial paths with phlegm) and acute heart failure of moderate severity. In addition, increasing dyspnea leads to the formation of carbon dioxide. Such consequences are extremely dangerous during pregnancy and in children, so emergency preparations are needed to relieve the attack.
Development of an attack in children
The algorithm for the development of bronchial manifestations in children, as well as in adults, presupposes the appearance of harbingers before the onset of an attack. This condition can last from 2-3 hours to several days. At this time the child is hyperactive, irritable, his sleep is disturbed.
The attack usually appears at night. The reasons for this are the increased activity of biological substances that cause bronchoconstriction, precisely in the nighttime. There may be a strong night cough, which is almost impossible to stop. At the peak of a cough, vomiting can occur with viscous mucous sputum, liquid discharge from the nose. Often there is an increase in body temperature, as a result of which diagnosis is difficult.
As a rule, at the stage of development, an attack can be stopped with the help of medication inhalation( for better sputum evacuation), after which the child becomes sluggish and inhibited. It should be borne in mind that in children younger than 3 years the typical development of an attack occurs very rarely. As a rule, there is the appearance of persistent agonizing cough, which disturbs the night sleep of the child.
Development of an attack during pregnancy
Symptomatic manifestations of asthma during pregnancy in predisposed categories of patients, almost no different from the usual, and do not depend on the forms of percolation.
Initially, there is a pre-trauma in the form of chronic development of bronchial diseases or pneumonia in conjunction with bronchospasm, but without an attack of suffocation. At an early stage of development, the attack occurs quite rarely, manifested by a dry cough.
Then the attack increases at night, accompanied by a painful cough, rhinitis and lack of oxygen. Acceleration of an attack during pregnancy can be rapid and unpredictable. In addition to cough, expiratory dyspnea is attached, and then choking occurs.
The most dangerous complication( especially during pregnancy and childhood) is asthmatic status. It occurs when the severity of the symptoms increases and a long attack of suffocation with abundant sputum, which can provoke an increase in blood pressure.
During pregnancy, this can adversely affect the placenta, provoking premature obstetrics. In addition, negative symptoms cause complications in the intrauterine development of the child. To avoid this, a woman during pregnancy should be observed regularly with a doctor.
Emergency Care - Cupping - Attack
In case of an acute bronchial attack, it is necessary to take all necessary measures to provide first aid to the patient before the arrival of a medical team.
- Emergency therapy is aimed at arresting an attack of bronchial asthma by any available methods. To stop an attack it is possible to do or make hot wrappings( trays or basins) on area of finitenesses, it is possible to impose a mustard plaster on stops of the patient;
- emergency therapy is to provide maximum oxygen access. For this, it is necessary to observe the behavioral algorithm: remove clothes that impede free respiratory activity. In order to reduce shortness of breath, the patient should take a comfortable position( standing, leaning in a hard surface with his hands).Such actions promote the involvement of additional muscles in the breath;
- as a rule, every asthmatic person always has an inhaler with him, but not always during an attack a person is able to adequately assess their strength, so sometimes it is necessary to help him in the inhalation in order to remove the attack of suffocation. If necessary, you can do inhalations instead of the patient, repeating them every 30 minutes.
It is important to remember that first aid helps to relieve symptoms only for a short period of time, and it is impossible to completely neutralize them and attack of cardiac asthma without professional medical assistance.
Only a doctor is able to evaluate all the symptoms of the disease and decide on how to treat the patient to prevent various complications of the disease.
Emergency medical care
Despite the fact that the first pre-medical therapy was carried out, the algorithm of measures stipulates that emergency medical services must be called for without fail. Emergency therapy can use the following drugs to neutralize an acute asthmatic attack.
Adrenaline .Allows to remove the spasm of the respiratory muscles, and reduce the formation of mucus in the bronchi. Introduced sc( 0.1% - 0.7 ml).The effect occurs within 5-10 minutes after the administration of the drug. If the attack does not stop and the symptoms increase, there is a risk of complications. In this case, the injection can be duplicated. Preparations of this group have side effects( rapid heartbeat, headache, trembling in the limbs), therefore such medications can be administered only under the supervision of the attending physician. It should be remembered that Adrenaline can not be used when the diagnosis is questionable, because, for example, an attack of cardiac asthma, a post-infarction state and heart failure are contraindications for the introduction of Adrenaline.
Ephedrine .This drug is prescribed to stop an acute attack of cough. Ephedrine has a shorter period of action compared to Adrenaline( 20-30 minutes).Drink 1 / ml of 1% solution. Very often, the use of one Ephedrine is not enough, so Adrenaline and Ephedrine are combined with 1% solution of Atropine( 0.5 ml), which allows you to get a more stable result.
Eufillin .This remedy is prescribed if asthma can not be remedied by other means. For cough and suffocation, as a rule, emergency intervention is required, therefore, Eufillin is administered intravenously and very slowly, since sometimes the patient may inadequately respond to this drug. If an asthma attack of mixed form does not go away, it is recommended to make a medicinal mixture that includes Eufillin and cardiac glycosides.
Pipolphen .Quite often, the causes of the disease are allergic. Therefore, in addition to anti-asthmatic drugs, antihistamines may be prescribed in order to more effectively remove asthmatic symptoms. Pipolphen( 2.5% and 0.5%) is administered intramuscularly and intravenously( slowly), when the allergic status increases.
No-spindle and Papaverin .Use of a combination of these medicines is necessary for relaxation of muscular musculature. Drugs are used in injections of 2% solution( 1: 1).If the use of antispasmodics did not help to stop acute symptoms, hospitalization of the patient is necessary in order to avoid complications.
Sometimes Pantopone is prescribed for the withdrawal of asphyxiation with Atropine or Promedol .These remedies are used very carefully, in the presence of the attending physician.
Important! You can not use morphine, since this drug is a narcotic and can make breathing difficult( up to a complete stop) and strengthen the cough.
Complications of
Prolonged course of the disease, as well as improperly diagnosed and treated( especially in pregnancy) can lead to the development of the following complications:
- in the absence of prevention and treatment, asthmatic status may occur;
- possible development of pneumosclerosis and emphysema;
- is often noted for the appearance of respiratory failure and bronchiectasis;
- attack of cardiac asthma;
- as a rule, the attack is accompanied by dehydration, and with extreme severity hypovolaemia, acidosis and hypercapnia are possible.
The most severe is asthmatic status, which is accompanied by a violation of the outflow of bronchial contents. Status develops with a prolonged asthmatic attack, which is not removed with the help of inhalation and oral medications. Asthmatic status in children is fairly easy to determine. In this case, shortness of breath, cyanosis, panic fear and tachycardia.
Asthmatic status in children is treated with removal of bronchospasm and maintenance of vital body functions. The order of therapy depends on the severity of the condition. Quite often correctly rendered pre-emergency urgent therapy, can save a life to the patient.
Prevention
Prevention is to prevent the development of an acute attack, using, first of all, inhalation, and not treat it. For this, it is necessary to abandon bad habits and, especially, from smoking, so even tobacco smoke can cause a severe attack, especially in a child.
It is necessary to regularly carry out wet cleaning in the premises, as it is proved that allergens( dust, houseplants and animals) are the most common causes of asthma. Prevention involves getting rid of indoor flowers( especially geraniums) and limiting contact with animals.
Another measure of prevention is diet compliance. To protect the baby, foods containing an acute allergic attack should be restricted. In addition, it is recommended to perform hardening procedures.
Common means to relieve an attack
In some cases, at home, you can use folk remedies for cough. Most often in order to relieve cough and asthma, the following recipes are used:
- is a proven method of removing an asthmatic attack is potato inhalation with the simultaneous use of hot lingonberry tea. The procedure is as follows: when choking occurs, you should unbutton the tight clothes and, covering your head with a towel, inhale the steamed potatoes in a pot. Hot couples dilate the bronchi, providing maximum help to the patient. At the same time, it is recommended to take a hot broth from cowberry leaves or berries, using them to relieve bronchospasm;
- with acute development of an attack, you can swallow a few pieces of ice, sniff cotton wool soaked with ammonia, and take mustard and put them on the calf area;
- a good expectorant and soothing effect of treatment with folk remedies is observed when the smoke is inhaled during the burning of dry mother-and-stepmother leaves. Their smoke helps to avoid further complications;
- in case of an acute attack for liquefaction of sputum, it is recommended to take a little baking soda( at the tip of a spoonful) or drink 20 ml.sour dry wine;
Often you can meet folk recipes with a tincture of valerian, removing cough. To do this, dilute 20 drops of tincture in a glass of water and drink during an attack.
It is important to note that each stage of the disease requires appropriate therapy. She is appointed by the doctor, providing for the preparation of basic and symptomatic therapy. And, of course, a huge role is played by the prevention of the development of the disease.
It is important to note that folk recipes, as well as medicines, can only be used after a preliminary consultation with a doctor, especially during pregnancy. This will avoid negative consequences.
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Symptoms and causes of bronchial asthma: First aid in case of asthma
Healthy channel, content of the video:
- Disease bronchial asthma.
- Causes of bronchial asthma.
- Symptoms of bronchial asthma.
- Asthma attack in bronchial asthma.
- First aid for bronchial asthma.
Presenter: Irina Lisitsyna. Practitioner of the 1st category: Anna Maslennikova
Information for reference. It is necessary to consult with a specialist.
Asthmatic status: what to do, how to stop an attack of
On the video channel "kostyaisaru".
Asthmatic status is the most terrible complication of bronchial asthma, which has three stages of development.
My contact details:
- Skype: ya_konstantin.
- E-mail: [email protected]
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