Acute bilateral sinusitis

Bilateral sinusitis

Sinusitis is one of the most common diseases of ENT organs in children and adults. Subcooling, viruses and concomitant diseases of other organs can cause swelling of the nasal mucosa, to disturb the normal outflow of mucus from the maxillary sinuses and to provoke the development of a unilateral or bilateral sinusitis. Most often in children and adults there is acute bilateral sinusitis, which develops against the background of a viral or bacterial disease of the nasal cavity. One-sided process in the maxillary sinuses meets less frequently and is usually diagnosed in secondary maxillary sinusitis, for example, with the spread of infection from the oral cavity.

Types of bilateral sinusitis

There are several main types of bilateral sinusitis:

acute - develops as a result of blockage of the duct of the maxillary sinus, which arose due to viral or bacterial inflammation in the nasal cavity;
chronic - to chronicize the process can lead to "not treated" acute form or chronic foci of infection in a number of located organs: the oral cavity, larynx or pharynx.

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According to the nature of inflammation, several forms of the disease are distinguished:

catarrhal - the easiest form, most often develops with a viral infection, the inflammation affects only the upper layer mucous membrane, edema is expressed slightly, this form of the disease is characterized by a mucous discharge, without color and odor;
exudative or serous - in the nasal sinuses a lot of serous fluid is produced, watery, mucous discharge, but in As a result of the outflow of mucus outflow from the sinuses, this form of the disease is easily complicated by the attachment of bacterial infection and development purulent process;
purulent - arises at bacterial infection or at complication of catarrhal and exudative forms, clinical symptoms are much more pronounced, separated from the nose by purulent, viscous, with unpleasant smell.

Symptoms

Bilateral acute sinusitis usually proceeds quite heavily, patients complain of an increase in body temperature - up to 38-39 degrees, for general malaise, nasal congestion and copious discharge, as well as for headaches worse with movement.

Also, the clinical picture depends on the form of inflammation: catarrhal and serous sinusitis cause far fewer complaints and do not severely disturb the overall well-being of the patient. With these forms of the disease, the main problems of patients become difficulty nasal breathing, copious nasal discharge and dilating and pressing pains in the forehead or orbit.

Two-sided purulent sinusitis proceeds much more heavily: stagnation of secretion in the maxillary sinuses and development of a bacterial infection in the body causes a sharp rise in body temperature, fever, weakness, general malaise, severe headaches, pain in the face and a sense of heaviness in the head. Nasal congestion and nasal discharge with this form of the disease are of little concern to the patient, as his attention is focused on more unpleasant symptoms. To treat purulent maxillary sinusitis is necessary with the help of antibiotics and the sooner antibiotics will be started, the more effective the treatment will be in general.

Chronic bilateral sinusitis is clinically manifested much weaker, but to treat this form of the disease is much more difficult, patients complain of periodically arising difficulty breathing and the appearance of a discharge from the nose, a detailed survey can reveal a decrease in memory and attention, frequent headaches, fatigue and decline the sense of smell.

Sinusitis in the child

Acute, and even more so, chronic sinusitis is almost not found in preschool children.

This is due to the peculiarities of the structure of the maxillary sinus in a child - up to 5-6 years they have not yet fully formed maxillary sinuses.

In a child over 10 years old, the symptoms of acute and chronic sinusitis do not differ from the clinical picture of the disease in adults. But it must be taken into account that in childhood, because of the anatomical features of the structure of the nasal cavity, and also because of imperfection of the immune system of the child, the chronic form disease.

Treatment

Treatment of sinusitis depends on the form of the disease and the severity of the clinical symptoms of the disease.

To treat acute catarrhal or purulent antritis is suggested with the help of antibacterial drugs, washing the nasal cavity with solutions of antiseptics, vasoconstrictor drops, and also use treatment methods such as "cuckoo" or special preparations to dilute and improve the outflow of mucus - sinupret, Sinuporte and others.

If you can not cure the disease with the help of such methods it is impossible, the patient is prescribed punctures of the maxillary sinuses, with their help they clean the nasal sinuses from mucus and wash them with solutions of antibiotics.

Treatment of chronic sinusitis is much more difficult, especially if the disease is diagnosed in a child, in which case it is necessary to find the cause of chronic inflammation and must eliminate it. These can be carious teeth, chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract, or a decrease in the body's defenses in the child.

Bilateral sinusitis is a serious and unpleasant disease that can cause serious complications, so treatment must under the supervision of a qualified ENT doctor, and after treatment to avoid relapse of the disease, it is worthwhile to think about strengthening the immune system and the whole organism in whole.

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Treatment of acute bilateral sinusitis

The question of what is a bilateral sinusitis, treatment and prevention of this disease, is of interest to many. Almost every person has suffered from this illness at least once in a lifetime.In bilateral sinus sinusitis, there is an inflammation of the sinuses, which are above the upper jaw.

Since both sinuses are affected, the course of the disease is more difficult than with unilateral inflammation. Treatment, in turn, lasts longer. Its duration depends on the age, the physiological state of the patient and the stage at which the treatment was started. When the sinusitis turns into a chronic form, it becomes much harder to treat it.

The causes of bilateral sinusitis

The human body is quite vulnerable. The influence of various factors can cause failures in its operation. This leads to the onset of inflammatory processes.

The main causes of sinusitis:

Postponed viral disease. One of its complications can be inflammation of the maxillary sinuses.
Subcooling the body. This leads to a violation of its functions. Bacteria and viruses that get on the mucous membrane are not destroyed, but multiply and freely infect different organs.
Pathological changes in the structure of the skull. Various curvatures and narrowing contribute to the accumulation in them of natural secretions from the nose. Over time, their transformation into a purulent substance that poisons the surrounding organs.
Activation of staphylococcus, which lives in the blood of almost every person. This process occurs when the body is weakened. It can be time after a disease or surgery.
Viral or bacterial infection. Especially the probability of infection during epidemics is very high. Finding a person in crowded places at this time is quite dangerous for health.
Injured or injured. Mechanical damage to the walls of the maxillary sinuses leads to destruction and inflammation of the mucous membrane.
Smoking. Smoke from cigarettes, passing through the respiratory tract, causes irritation of the mucous membranes. This leads to increased mucus secretion and blockage of the nasal canals.
Weakened immunity. This is due to malnutrition and bad habits.
Increased adenoids. These outgrowths can become sources of infection if they collect more viruses on their surface than they can destroy the immune system.

When a disease occurs, you need medical help.

Self-medication can lead to complications such as meningitis, osteomyelitis and brain abscess.

Symptoms of bilateral sinusitis

Early detection of ailment in a child and treatment with various methods allow to cut sinusitis at an early stage, avoiding many days of suffering.

Symptoms of bilateral sinusitis:

Deterioration of well-being. The person feels an ache in the whole body, heaviness in the legs. There is rapid fatigue. There is a headache, which is concentrated in the forehead and temples.
The temperature rises. At the initial stage of inflammation, it is kept in the range of 3, -3, º C. At an exacerbation it is possible to increase it to 38-3, º С.
There is an active allocation of mucus from the nose, followed by sneezing. At first the selections are transparent, then they turn white. Their transition to a yellow-green color indicates that an inflammatory process has begun in the sinuses.
Nasal breathing becomes difficult. In some cases the nasal passages are clogged with pus completely.
The sense of smell weakens or disappears completely.
There is a strong, unceasing pain in the area of the sinuses, ears and nose. Your teeth may hurt. Because of the proximity of the focus of inflammation and infection, there are unpleasant sensations in the eyes.
The voice becomes deaf and hoarse. Cough begins with profuse phlegm. It is secretions that drain into the larynx. Especially strong is a cough in the morning, when a patient tries to cough up sputum that has accumulated overnight.

Similar symptoms are typical for both adults and children. In a small child, diagnosing this disease is rather difficult, because children do not know how to blow their nose. Their nose is constantly filled with secretions that can resemble pus. Therefore, to establish an accurate diagnosis, a specialist consultation is necessary.

Diagnosis of the disease is carried out using methods such as:

examination of the otolaryngologist;
ultrasonography;
Magnetic resonance imaging;
radiography;
thermography;
CT scan.

The use of modern equipment allows you to make an accurate diagnosis, choose a method of treatment and prevent an exacerbation of the disease.

Drug treatment of genyantritis

Modern medicine presupposes an effect on the purulent bilateral inflammatory process in a complex way. This allows you to quickly remove pain syndrome, swelling and inflammation. The ultimate goal is the restoration of sinus drainage.

Medication affects the following procedures:

Admission of pain medications. This will give the patient some relief. He can normally eat, sleep and do urgent business.
Rinsing of the nasal passages with warm saline solution. You need to do this with a small rubber enema. The liquid must pass through the courses by gravity. Its forced retraction is not allowed.
Relief breathing. For this, vasoconstrictive nasal drops are used. Cleaned nasal passages will provide a free outflow of purulent substance from the sinuses.
Removal of mucosal inflammation. Getting rid of the edema will greatly improve the patient's condition.
Reception of antibiotics. Such drugs are taken in the form of tablets, powders and injections. Destruction of the infection helps stop the progression of the disease and quick recovery.

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As a rule, recovery occurs in 2-3 weeks.

Physiotherapeutic treatment

The impact on the affected area with the help of electrical medical devices significantly speeds up the process of healing the patient.

During the procedures, the following types of exposure are used:

irradiation of the nasal sinuses with a quartz lamp, which contributes to the destruction of harmful viruses and bacteria;
warming up, which contribute to an easier withdrawal of pus and the removal of pain;
the use of ultra-high-frequency therapy;
application of dynamic current.

You can conduct such procedures both in clinical and at home. In pharmacies, you can purchase various portable medical devices of a certain spectrum of action.

Surgical intervention

The operation is carried out in those cases when the medicamentous and physiotherapeutic methods did not bring the desired results. As a rule, the operation is carried out when the drainage from the sinuses stops due to plugging the channels with pus. If this is not done, then the secretions can penetrate deep into the skull and cause significant harm.

For the treatment of sinusitis, such types of surgical intervention as:

Piercing of the walls of the cavity. Such an event is conducted for both diagnosis and treatment. Drainage tubes are inserted into the cavity through which pus can be pumped out and medication is administered. During washing with physiological solutions, pus is removed from the entire surface of the cavity. This method is the most effective, since it allows you to deliver the medicine directly to the focus of inflammation.
Removal of adenoids. This operation is performed under local anesthesia and relatively painless. The patient is restored within 2-3 hours after its termination. Pain syndrome and swelling disappear after 3 days.
Making holes in the nasal concha. The operation is performed under general anesthesia. The hole is used for drainage in chronic forms of the disease. Despite the efficiency of the outflow, after a few years the hole overgrew.

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Modern medicine offers rinsing cavities without puncture with the help of vacuum devices.

A healthy lifestyle and preventive measures, which must be carried out continuously, are of great importance for the prevention of the disease.

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Bilateral sinusitis: symptoms and treatment

Runny nose in most people is associated with something unpleasant. but not fatal. There is even a proverb: "If the rhinitis is treated, then it will pass in seven days. And if you do not heal - then a week. " This statement reflects the attitude of people to the common cold. However, it is not as harmless as it seems. If it does not pass for a long time or significantly hinders breathing, then one can suspect sinusitis in a person.

What it is?

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the cavity of the maxillary, or as it is called, the maxillary sinus. Since the maxillary sinuses are a pair formation, the inflammatory process in them can be either one-sided, there and two-sided. Bilateral sinusitis occurs several times heavier than one-sided and is associated with a large number of various complications. Thus, for example, a triggered bilateral process can be chronized in a relatively short time, and can be transferred from the cavity of the maxillary sinus to neighboring formations, in particular, the brain.

When the infection passes to the brain tissue, its cysts with purulent contents, as well as all kinds of abscesses of the brain, can develop. Subsequently, there is a possibility of developing very serious diseases, such as encephalitis, meningitis or meningoencephalitis. These diseases are very difficult and can threaten not only further health, but also life.

What can be sinusitis?

First of all, if a doctor has diagnosed a man with a "genyantritis then in no case should one think that this is something frivolous and will go away by itself. This applies to both unilateral and bilateral sinusitis. Let us consider in more detail the second of them as more dangerous. The bilateral sinusitis due to the severity of its course can be divided into acute and chronic. The latter proceeds with pronounced remissions. In terms of severity of clinical symptoms and severity of the disease, catarrhal bilateral sinusitis and purulent discharge are distinguished.

Etiology of the disease or causative factors leading to its development

There are a huge number of reasons that can cause bilateral sinusitis. Among them are the following:

all kinds of injuries that have arisen in the area of the nose and upper jaw;
penetration of the infectious agent from an external source, for example, from the nasal cavity, into the maxillary sinus;
thickening of mucus in the nasal cavity and its subsequent congestion;
formation of adenoid and polyposic growths;
the existence of a person with allergic diseases or his predisposition to allergies;
general weakening of all protective forces of the human body, that is, its immunity;
complications arising after the transferred infectious and severe chronic diseases;
inflammatory diseases of teeth and gums, especially untreated;
abuse of strong alcoholic beverages and smoking;
congenital or acquired curvature of the nasal septum.

Catarrhal acute bilateral sinusitis

It is characterized by a very stormy sudden start. In the first days, the patient feels a worsening of the general condition, manifested by such symptoms as lethargy, general weakness, loss of strength, decreased efficiency. Simultaneously, the body temperature rises, and then a rather strong chill appears. There are severe headaches, difficulty in nasal breathing, as well as discharge from the nasal cavity of a serous nature.

Purulent acute bilateral sinusitis

This disease is characterized by a sharp rise in temperature to high enough numbers, a strong deterioration in the overall state, the development of long and painful coughing attacks, as well as secretions from the nasal passage, having a turbid a purulent character. In addition, there are severe headaches that can radiate into the area of the teeth.

Chronic bilateral sinusitis has a more worn-out clinical picture, while the overall condition of a sick person can remain satisfactory. Naturally, people have a question about how to treat bilateral sinusitis.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of bilateral sinusitis should begin with examination and consultation with an otorhinolaryngologist who, on the basis of patient complaints and the severity of the clinical picture will be able to make a preliminary diagnosis, and then confirm it with the help of a number of instrumental methods research. When diagnosed "bilateral sinusitis treatment begin immediately. The list of diagnostic manipulation data includes such modern methods as magnetic resonance imaging, diagnostics with the help of ultrasonic waves, computed tomography, as well as such specific methods as diaphanoscopy and thermography.

Bilateral sinusitis: treatment

The whole process of treatment of bilateral sinusitis is under regular supervision of the doctor and takes an average of two to four weeks. Unsurprisingly. that the treatment of the disease is a rather unpleasant and long process, it is by no means possible to delay it with a march to Laura. In the complex of therapeutic manipulations, which can appoint a doctor, we can distinguish the following:

The regular washing of the nasal cavity with various solutions (this can be as specifically designed for this solution, and broths of herbs that have anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effects, for example, chamomile or calendula). The procedure itself is unpleasant, however it facilitates breathing and disinfects the cavities.
Admission of a full course of antibiotic therapy (an antibiotic can be administered either empirically or after determining the degree of sensitivity of a pathogenic microorganism). This is especially important if the disease provokes streptococci.
Vitaminotherapy (necessary to maintain the defenses of the body in the norm).
When the temperature rises above 3, degrees, it is recommended to start takingantipyretic drugs (the simplest of them is paracetamol). However, the temperature to 38 degrees does not get off. At this time, the body's defenses fight bacteria.
In severe and neglected cases, when individual conservative therapy is ineffective, it is necessary to resort to the implementation of a puncture of the maxillary sinus with the evacuation of its contents and washing the cavity with antiseptic solutions. After such a procedure, sinusitis, as a rule, does not return.
To facilitate the process of nasal breathing, you can use vasoconstrictive drops, but do not use them for more than five days.

It should be understood that systemic and only systemic will allow to cure bilateral sinusitis. Photo of maxillary sinuses filled with pus, can motivate any person to immediately start treatment.

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What is catarrhal bilateral sinusitis

Not many people have an idea of what is catarrhal bilateral sinusitis and why it occurs. The pathology of the upper respiratory tract is very common. Often inflamed paranasal sinuses. They are also called the paranasal sinuses.

There are 4 varieties of these anatomical formations:

paired maxillary sinuses;
frontal;
latticed;
wedge shaped.

Most often, otorhinolaryngologists find inflammation of the maxillary sinuses. In this situation, it is a matter of sinusitis. The inner surface of the maxillary sinuses is lined with ciliated epithelium. In its thickness, there are many special cells capable of producing mucus. The maxillary sinuses perform a number of important functions. They participate in the amplification of voice resonance, warm the incoming air masses, participate in the distribution of weight in the skull. What is the etiology, clinic and treatment of bilateral sinusitis?

Features of catarrhal sinusitis

Sinusitis is a disease characterized by inflammation of the maxillary sinus of the nose.In most cases, this pathology develops against other diseases (influenza, acute respiratory viral infection, scarlet fever). In this case the inflammation can be bilateral and one-sided. Depending on the clinical manifestations and the nature of the course of the disease, acute and chronic catarrhal sinusitis are distinguished. The catarrhal form of inflammation is very common. In this case, it can have a different etiology. Depending on the etiological factor, the following varieties of sinusitis are distinguished:

viral;
posttraumatic;
bacterial;
mixed;
fungal;
allergic nature.

Separately, it is necessary to isolate the genyantritis that has arisen against the background of the use of medications. Catarrhal sinusitis can occur in both children and adults. The highest incidence rate is observed in the autumn-winter period. It is important that bilateral inflammation occurs much less frequently than one-sided inflammation.

Etiological factors

The development of catarrhal bilateral sinusitis is due to several reasons. The most important factors are:

frequent colds;
inadequate or untimely treatment of influenza, ARVI;
supercooling;
decreased immunity;
allergic reactions (polynoses);
curvature of the septum of the nose;
the presence of polyps in the nasal passages;
congenital pathology of the development of the maxillary sinuses;
the presence of acute or chronic rhinitis;
traumatic injury to the face.

Important importance is the focus of chronic inflammation (adenoiditis, pharyngitis). As for the infectious agent itself, it can be bacteria (streptococci, staphylococci), viruses, microscopic fungi. Catarrhal sinusitis can be non-infectious. In this case, it provokes an allergic reaction, taking medications. Most often, inflammation and swelling of the sinus mucosa develop in childhood. In this situation, it is an acute form of inflammation. In the absence of treatment, acute sinusitis easily passes into a chronic, which is much more difficult to cure. Often the infectious agent penetrates into the maxillary sinuses through the blood. The most common cause of catarrhal sinusitis is the pathology of the upper teeth.

Clinical symptoms

Bilateral sinusitis has many symptoms. At the heart of their appearance is local mucosal edema and excess mucus production. The latter is produced by goblet cells. Normally, a healthy person develops mucus a little, and it goes through special ducts. With bilateral sinus sinus, the ducts are clogged. A similar condition can cause a secondary infection, suppuration. The most common symptoms of bilateral sinusitis are:

severity in the region of the maxillary sinuses;
headache;
mucous discharge from the nasal cavity;
increased body temperature (with acute inflammation);
soreness in palpation;
nasal congestion;
impaired sense of smell;
nasal.

It is known that the maxillary sinuses are located on the side of the nasal septum at eye level. With bilateral catarrhal sinusitis, reddening of this area and eyelids can sometimes be observed. Some patients develop lacrimation. Acute inflammation develops suddenly. First there is a feeling of discomfort in the nasal area, then a pain syndrome. The pain intensifies in the evening. In the beginning, the pain is localized in one area. As the disease develops, the pain is determined throughout the head. Children may feel weak.

Due to the accumulation of serous or mucous secretions, breathing through the nose is disturbed. With catarrh of the genyantritis, the secret secret is liquid and transparent. If a putrefactive microflora is attached, it acquires a greenish color and a thick consistency. In this situation, there can be an unpleasant smell. Additional symptoms of the disease include sneezing, sore throat. The temperature can rise to 38 degrees or more. It happens in acute maxillary sinusitis. Catarrhal sinusitis is dangerous for its possible complications. They include the attachment of purulent infection, the formation of abscesses in the brain, inflammation of the meninges (meningitis), thrombosis of the cavernous sinus, purulent tissue melting.

Diagnostic measures

To begin treatment, the doctor must make a correct diagnosis. Diagnosis of catarrhal sinusitis includes a detailed conversation with the patient, examination of the nasal mucosa and the entire face, laboratory and instrumental examination. Inspection should start from the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus. Often, this determines the soreness. The doctor assesses the mobility of soft tissues and their consistency. Rhinoscopy is mandatory. With an acute form of catarrhal sinus, reddening and swelling of the mucosa in the middle nasal passage is revealed. Additional methods of examining the nasal cavity include diaphanoscopy. This method is based on the transmission of maxillary sinuses. The patient has a darkening.

The final diagnosis is made based on the results of the X-ray study. An alternative option is the use of MRI, CT, ultrasound. With bilateral sinus, the sinus transparency is compared with that in the eye sockets. Computed tomography is indicated in case of traumatic injuries of the facial part of the skull, severe degree of sinusitis. This diagnostic method can not be used for pregnant women. Puncture is used to determine the type of pathogen and its sensitivity to antibiotics. Manipulation is performed under local anesthesia.

Tactics of treatment

Treatment of catarrhal sinusitis has the following objectives:

the elimination of infection;
recovery of outflow of mucous secretions;
elimination of the main symptoms of the disease;
prevention of complications.

Treatment is often conservative.

Treatment involves drainage of the sinus sinus cavity, administration of antibiotics, the use of various vasoconstrictors (drops, sprays), sinus heating, physiotherapeutic Events.

Treatment is carried out only after consulting a doctor. With catarrhal inflammation, the secret is liquid, therefore surgical drainage may not be used. As antibacterial agents in the bacterial form of the disease, cephalosporins, semi-synthetic and protected penicillins, macrolides are used.

The best therapeutic effect is possessed by "Levofloxacin "Amoxicillin "Amoxiclav "Cefuroxime". Antibiotics are not always used. It is not appropriate to prescribe them for viral etiology of the disease. In this situation, therapy involves the use of steroids, mucolytics. To eliminate the main symptoms of the disease, humidification of the air, normalization of nutrition, elimination of the effects of allergens are carried out. In severe pain syndrome, drugs from the NSAID group are used. Local treatment involves washing the nose with solutions of antiseptics (Furacillin, sodium hypochlorite). In the allergic form of sinusitis, antihistamines are indicated. Thus, sinusitis should be treated timely and thoroughly.