Ampicillin

Ampicillin refers to semi-synthetic antimicrobial drugs of the penicillin series.

It has a wide spectrum of action, since it is capable of exerting a bactericidal effect on gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic microorganisms. Therefore, it can be successfully used with a combined bacterial infection.

On this page you will find all information about Ampicillin: the full instructions for use for this medication, average prices in pharmacies, complete and incomplete analogs of the drug, as well as reviews of people who have already used Ampicillin tablets. Want to leave your opinion? Please write in the comments.

Clinical and pharmacological group

Antibiotic of the group of penicillins of wide spectrum, destroying penicillinase.

Conditions of leave from pharmacies

It is released on prescription.

Price list

How much does Ampicillin cost? The average price in pharmacies is at the level of70 rubles.

Form of issue and composition

Tablets, capsules, powder for injection, granules for the preparation of suspension.

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IN 1ampicillin trihydrate tablet0.25 g. Potato starch, talc, croscarmellose sodium, calcium stearate, as auxiliary substances.
IN 1ampicillin trihydrate capsule0.25 g. Potato starch and sugar powder.
5 mlsuspensions of ampicillin trihydrate12.5 g and 0.25 g. Sugar, food flavor.
IN 1vial of ampicillin sodium0.25 g, 0.5 g, 1 g and 2 g.

Pharmacological effect

Ampicillin trihydrate is an antibiotic of a group of semisynthetic penicillins. It has antibacterial (bactericidal) action.

It is active against a wide range of Gram-positive (alpha and beta-hemolytic streptococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus spp., Except strains producing penicillinase, Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium spp., Enterococcus spp.) and Gram-negative (Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Salmonella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella spp., Escherichia coli, Bordetella pertussis) of microorganisms. Destroyed by penicillinase and therefore does not affect the penicillinase-forming strains of pathogens.

Indications for use

Ampicillin is useful in diseases that are caused by mixed infections. Assign the drug in the following pathologies:

Sepsis;
Gonorrhea;
Intestinal infections;
Postoperative infections of soft tissues;
Pneumonia;
Bronchopneumonia;
Abscesses of the lungs;
Angina;
Peritonitis;
Cholecystitis;
Urinary tract infections caused by E. coli, enterococcus, proteus;
Other infections caused by susceptible to ampicillin microorganisms.

Contraindications

Ampicillin is contraindicated in the following cases:

Age up to 1 month;
Periods of breastfeeding;
Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in history;
Lymphocytic leukemia;
Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug;
Infectious mononucleosis;
Hepatic failure.

According to the instructions to Ampicillin, this drug should be used with great caution in cases hay fever, bleeding history, renal failure, bronchial asthma, allergies. Consultation with a doctor regarding the advisability of using Ampicillin during pregnancy is also necessary.

Application in pregnancy and lactation

It is possible to use the drug in pregnancy according to the indications in those cases when the benefit to the mother exceeds the potential risk for the fetus.

Ampicillin is excreted in breast milk in low concentrations. If you need to use the drug during lactation, you should decide whether to stop breastfeeding.

Instructions for use Ampicillin

The instructions for use indicate that the dosage of the drug Ampicillin is set individually, depending on the severity of the course, the localization of infection and the sensitivity of the pathogen.

When administered orally, a single dosefor adultsis 250-500 mg, the daily dose is 1-3 g. The maximum daily dose is 4 g.
Childrenthe drug is prescribed in a daily dose of 50-100 mg / kg,children with body weight up to 20 kg- 12.5-25 mg / kg.
The daily dose is divided into 4 divided doses. The duration of treatment depends on the severity of the infection and the effectiveness of the treatment.
Tablets are taken orally regardless of food intake.

To prepare the suspension, 62 ml of distilled water are added to the powder vial. Dosage the finished suspension with a special spoon, which has 2 marks: the lower one corresponds to 2.5 ml (125 mg), the upper one - 5 ml (250 mg). Suspension should be washed with water.

When parenteral administration (in / m, in / in jet or intravenously) a single dosefor adultsis 250-500 mg, the daily dose is 1-3 g; In severe infections, the daily dose can be increased to 10 g or more.

Newborn childrenthe drug is prescribed in a daily dose of 100 mg / kg,children of other age groups- 50 mg / kg. In severe infection, these doses can be doubled.

The daily dose is divided into 4-6 injections with an interval of 4-6 hours. The duration of the / m introduction is 7-14 days. The duration of IV application is 5-7 days, with the subsequent transition (if necessary) to the / m introduction.

Solution for the / m introduction is prepared by adding to the contents of the bottle 2 ml of water for injection.

For intravenous administration of a single dose of the drug (not more than 2 g) is dissolved in 5-10 ml of water for injection or isotonic sodium chloride solution and injected slowly for 3-5 minutes (1-2 g for 10-15 minutes). With a single dose exceeding 2 g, the drug is administered intravenously drip. To do this, a single dose of the drug (2-4 g) is dissolved in 7.5-15 ml of water for injection, then the resulting solution is added to 125-250 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution or 5-10% glucose solution and injected at a rate of 60-80 cap / min. When i / v drop introduction to children as a solvent used 5-10% glucose solution (30-50 ml, depending on age).

The solutions are used immediately after preparation.

Side effects

In some patients, when taking ampicillin tablets and other forms of this drug, certain side effects may occur:

from the digestive system: gastritis, dysbiosis, abdominal pain, diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis, vomiting, dry mouth, taste change, nausea, stomatitis, glossitis;
hemopoiesis: thrombocytopenia, anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis;
from the side of the central nervous system: convulsions, tremor, headaches;
allergic reactions: skin peeling, hives, itching, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, Quincke's edema; in rare cases - fever, eosinophilia, arthralgia, maculopapular and erythematous rash, malignant and multiforme exudative erythema, exfoliative dermatitis and anaphylactic shock;
Other: superinfection, candidiasis of the vagina, nephropathy, interstitial nephritis.

Overdose

It is manifested by symptoms: nausea, vomiting, agitation, convulsions.

Treatment consists in washing the stomach, taking sorbents, laxatives and symptomatic therapy. Displays whenhemodialysis.

special instructions

During the period of Ampicillin, regular monitoring of the picture of peripheral blood, liver and kidney function is necessary.

When using increased doses in patients with renal insufficiency, toxic effects on the central nervous system can be observed.

The use of ampicillin in patients with sepsis may in some cases lead to a bacteriolysis reaction.

Drug Interactions

Simultaneous application of Ampicillin with:

antibiotics, which have a bactericidal effect, leads to a mutual enhancement of the therapeutic effect;
drugs, one of the decay products of which is PABA (paraaminobenzoic acid), leads to a decrease in their therapeutic effect;
drugs that reduce the level of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, glucosamine, drugs of the aminoglycoside group or purgative drugs, leads to a decrease in drug absorption;
antibacterial drugs that have a bacteriostatic effect, leads to a weakening of the therapeutic effect of Ampicillin;
anticoagulant drugs of indirect effect, leads to an increase in their therapeutic effect;
ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) leads to increased absorption of the drug;
contraceptive drugs, leads to a decrease in their effectiveness.
drugs that reduce gastric acidity, laxatives, Probenecid, Allopurinol, diuretics, Allopurinol, anti-inflammatory drugs medicines of non-hormonal origin or Phenylbutazone, leads to a decrease in the excretion of Ampicillin from the body and an increase in its plasma concentration;

Reviews

"Ampicillin", released in the form of tablets, is very effective in the therapy of various infections. It is very popular due to its availability, activity against many bacteria. Patients give him preference because of the absence of violations of liver function under his influence.

Experts equally often resort to the help of tablets, capsules, granules, nyxes. For children, doctors recommend that you give this medication less often. It can provoke fluorosis (a defect on the enamel of the teeth). When taken orally, it often becomes the cause of dysbiosis.

Analogues

Structural analogs for the active substance:

Ampicillin AMP-KID;
Ampicillin AMP-Forte;
Ampicillin Innotek;
Ampicillin sodium;
Ampicillin-AKOS;
Ampicillin-Ferein;
Ampicillin sodium salt;
Ampicillin sodium salt is sterile;
Ampicillin trihydrate;
Zetsil;
Penodyl;
Pentrexyl;
Stendacillin.

Before using analogues, consult your doctor.

Storage conditions and shelf life

Ampicillin should be stored in a dark and dry place out of the reach of children, at room temperature. Shelf life for capsules and powder is 3, and for tablets - 2 years.