From this article you will learn: whether there are drugs from the pressure without different side effects. Which drugs have fewer adverse effects, and how they help with high blood pressure. Ease of use of different drugs.
Article Contents:
- Hybrid or binary alpha-beta blockers
- Antispasmodic drugs( antispasmodics)
- Alpha-blockers
- Beta-blockers
- Peripheral vasodilators
- inhibitors of ACE or converting enzyme
- Antihypertensive drugs central action
- Inhibitors of angiotensin receptors, or Sartai
- Diureticor diuretics( diuretics)
- Antagonists, or blockers, calcium ions( slow calcium channels)
- Activators of potassium channels
- Sympatholytic drugs, or sympatholytics
- Conclusion
There are no drugs against hypertension without any side effects. All drugs have adverse effects that are associated with:
- individual intolerance;
- by the mechanism of action;
- activity of the constituent elements of the preparation( its decay products);
- cumulative properties;
- by the way of introduction into the body;
- a single effective dose.
The pharmacy market is filled with funds from high pressure. Preparations with the same active principle are released under different names, which they are assigned by pharmacological companies. In order to list them all, one article will not suffice.
But, despite all the diversity, the drugs from high blood pressure are representatives of several major groups, united by a common mechanism of action and side effects:
- Peripheral vasodilators( Апрессин, Молсидомин, Натрия Нитропруссид).
- Antagonists, or blockers, of calcium ions( verapamil, nifedipine, diltiazem).
- Hypotensive drugs of central action( Clofelin, Methyldofa).
- Sympatholytic drugs( Reserpine, Octadin, Raunatin).
- Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors( captopril, enalapril, lisinopril).
- Angiotensin receptor blockers, or Sartans( Lozartan, Valsartan).
- Activators of potassium channels( Minoxidil, Pinacidil).
- Spasmolytic drugs( Dibazol, Fenicaberan, Euphyllin, Theophylline).
- Alpha-blockers( Tropafen, Butyroxane, Prazosin).
- Beta-blockers( Anaprilin, Atenolol, Betaxolol).
- Hybrid alpha-beta blockers( Labetalol, Proxodolol).
- Diuretic or diuretic drugs( hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide, indapamide, diacarb, spironolactone).
Get advice on any medications that lower blood pressure and have fewer side effects, you can have a therapist or a cardiologist.
Further in the article the thesis provides information on each of the groups of medicines indicating the mechanism of action, side effects and main representatives. Groups are sorted in order of increasing number of adverse effects: the first to consider tablets that have little effect on the body as a whole, the latter - drugs with the maximum number of side effects.
Given that individual intolerance in the form of allergic reactions of any form is a common side effect of all drugs, this effect will not be further indicated.
1. Hybrid or binary alpha-beta blockers of
| How do | Adverse effects | essential drugs |
|---|---|---|
| expands peripheral vessels reduces the load on the myocardium They reduce the heart rate and blood volume, which throws heart Improve the nutrition of the heart muscle | Headache Dizziness Nausea unstable chair expression of feelings of fatigue Shortness of breath Toxic hepatitis Hair loss( allopecia) | Labetalol Proxodolol |
2. Spasmolytic prearthritis( spasmolytic)
| How | works Adverse effects | Essential medicines |
|---|---|---|
| Act on smooth vascular musculature, causing their relaxation and expansion Have a moderate ability to stimulate an increase in diuresis Decrease blood viscosity by preventing the adhesion of platelets Reduce heart strain | Weakness Headaches Dizziness Appetite disorder Nausea Feeling of heat all over the body Sweating( gpergidroz) Heartburn | Fenikaberan Dibazol Diprofen Eufillin Theophylline |
3. Alpha-blockers act
| As | Adverse effects | |
|---|---|---|
| basic drugs block the action of hormones, which cause vasoconstriction expressed( epinephrine, norepinephrine) expands peripheral vasculature | Loss of consciousness with abrupt change of position Increased blood viscosity and risk of clot formation in vessels Vascular wall ruptureWhen it pronounced atherosclerosis lesion Changing rhythm of heart muscle contractions( tachy and bradycardia) Dizziness Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Dyspnea Emotional changes Depression | Tropafen Prazosin Butiroksan Phentolamine |
4. Beta-blockers act
| As | Adverse effects of | Essential medicines |
|---|---|---|
| Decrease the strength of cardiac muscle contractions Slim heart rate Decrease the need for myocardiumin oxygen and nutrients Reduces the amount of blood that throws the heart into the systole( cardiac output) | Vomiting, nausea Liquid chair Rare heart contractions( bradycardia) General weakness Dizziness Depression Spasmodic bronchitis Drying of the oral mucosa Inflammationof the mucosa of the eye Changes in sensitivity on arms and legs | Anaprilin Timolol Atenolol Metoprolol |
5. Peripheral vasodilators
| How the | works The unfavorable effects | Essential medicines |
|---|---|---|
| Acts on a small vascular network, relieving spasm and dilating the arterioles and venules Depending on the drug, it can affect both individual types of vessels and all kinds of capillaries Strengthens the contractions of the myocardium Reduce heart strain | Dizziness Headaches Severe blood pressure lowering Collapsoid states Emetic urges, vomiting Increased riMA contractions of the heart muscle Pain in the chest Boosting of the body temperature Change in the color of the facial skin Loss of appetite Decrease in the level of potassium in the blood | Sodium Nitroprusside Molsidomine Appression |
6. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
| How the | works Adverse effects | Essential medicines |
|---|---|---|
| An enzyme that affects the activation of a substance that causes vasospasm is dilatedperipheral arterioles Reduce the load on all parts of the heart muscle Improve myocardial function in violation of its function Increase blood flow in the lungs and kidneys | Heart rate contraction Significant pressure decrease Loss of appetite Headache Taste disorders Reduction in blood of leukocytes Appearanceprotein in the urine Dry nasal cough Increase of the level of the creatinine in the blood( hypercreatininaemia) Muscle weakness Reduction of the level of hemoglobin( | Captopril Lisinopril Enalapril |
7. Center-action hypotensive drugs
| How do | work? Adverse effects of | Essential medicines |
|---|---|---|
| Have a central effect on the vasomotor center in the brain, blocking the activation of the sympathetic system Decrease blood volume with cardiac muscle systole Reduceresistance of peripheral vessels Slow conduction of electrical impulse in the heart | Drying of the mucosa in thein
Constipation Drowsiness breakdown Depression attention disorders Impotence
slowing heart rate Temperature rise
Vomiting Reduced white blood cell count and platelet Toxic hepatitis | Clonidine Methyldopa
Urapidil Guanfacine |
8. Angiotensin receptor blockers,or the Sartans
| As operate | Adverse effects | basic drugs |
|---|---|---|
| replaced by Angitenzin 2 Extend receptor vascular cell peripheral vessels Improve the heart muscle improves blood flow to the liver | Dyspepsia Stool irregularities Dizziness Headache impaired consciousness Drowsiness Painin muscles and joints Cough Decreased level of hemoglobin, leukocytes Flu-like state Increase in levelhepatic enzyme bilirubin( jaundice) Renal dysfunction Increased amount of potassium in the blood | Losartan Valsartan Carzartan Telmisartan |
9. Diuretic or diuretic
| diuretics How do | work? Adverse effects of | Essential medicines |
|---|---|---|
| Increase the excretion of urine(diuresis) Discharge of sodium and potassium ions Decrease the volume of blood that is in the vessels Reduce the load on the heart muscle Eliminate congestionand in the circulatory system of the lungs Decrease the effect on the vessel wall of the sympathetic nervous system | Decrease in the amount of potassium in the blood( hypokalemia) Deceleration of the heart( bradycardia) Low blood pressure Alkalization Increase in plasma glucose Weakness Aspiration to vomit Diarrhea Fainting and collapoid conditions with position change Gout exacerbation Dry mouth Redness of mucosaand the eye Change in sensitivity in the legs and hands Change in sensitivity in the legs and hands | Hydrochlorothiazide Furosemide Indapamide Diakarb Spironolactone |
10. Antagonists or blockers of calcium ions( slow calcium channels)
| How do | work? Adverse effects of | Essential medicines |
|---|---|---|
| Causes vasodilation in allorganism Decrease resistance of fine capillary network Improve blood supply to myocardium Relieve pain in heart Increase fluidityblood, preventing platelets from sticking together Slow conducting wave reductions in cardiac conduction pathways reduces the consumption of the heart muscle of oxygen | vomiting, retching Dizziness Fatigue Drowsiness Swelling of the hands and feet Pain in the occipital and frontal part of the head Constipation heart block Very low pressure Acute myocardial infringement form Redness of the skin on the face and upper body Gum bleeding Increased appetite Extrapyramidal disorders( trembling, unsteady gait) | Verapamil Nifedipine Amlodipine Diltiazem |
11. Potassium channel activators
| How | works | 's adverse effects Adverse effects of | Essential medicines |
|---|---|---|---|
| Causes relaxation of arteriolar walls in the capillary network Reduces strain on the heart muscle | Violation of the rhythm of contractions of the myocardium Feeling of heat and redness in the upper body and face Swelling on the legs and hands Low arterialpressure Loss of consciousness when changing position Vomiting urgency Vomiting Unstable chair Headache Circling of objects in front of the eyesThe inability to sleep
Increased hair growth throughout the body( hypertrichosis) Peeling scalp Scratching | Nicorandil Minoxidil pinacidil |
12. sympatholytic drugs, sympatholytic or
| As operate | Adverse effects | basic drugs displace |
|---|---|---|
| hormones sympathetic nervous system(norepinephrine, adrenaline) in the vessels of the vessels. Reduce the number of myocardial contractions Decrease the discharge of blood in the heart with systole | Guoovokruzhenie breakdown pain in the occipital region Reduction of strength in the muscles Loose stools pain in the parotid region loss of consciousness when you change position swelling in the legs Red eyes deceleration pulse Anxiety Anxiety Depression Insomnia Herpetic eruptions Weight gain Sexual function disorder | Reserpine Octadin Raunatin |
13. Conclusion
Despite the fact that medications for hypertension withoutobochnyh effects no, adverse effects of drugs occur infrequently. Basically, when starting therapy or selecting an effective individual dose.
It is important to remember that when choosing a drug for treatment, the doctor is guided by the age, the presence of complications or concomitant illnesses of the patient, and not the number of side effects. This affects the further course of hypertensive disease and a prognosis for life.
