What are the signs of inflammation of the lungs in adults

Pneumonia is called pneumonia. The main cause of the disease are pathogens. Some of them are constantly in the airway of a person. But if the immunity weakens, the bacteria begin to attack the body. Symptoms of inflammation of the lungs in an adult require a doctor to confirm the diagnosis and immediate treatment. This will help avoid complications.

• Varieties of pneumonia and their signs
• Viral
• Bacterial
• Fungal
• Typical pneumonia
• Atypical pneumonia
• Mycoplasmic
• Chlamydial

Varieties of pneumonia and their signs

There are different classifications of pneumonia. The most successful is the systematization for reasons of origin. With its help, you can correctly identify the signs of pneumonia and choose the right drugs for treatment.

Types of pneumonia:

• virus;
• bacterial;
• fungal;
• against immunodeficiency;
• parasitic;
• aspiration;
• paracancrotic.

Viral

Pneumonia causes various viruses - influenza subgroups A and B, respiratory syncytial, adenovirus, metapneumovirus, herpes, measles, rubella, chicken pox. The disease is more common at a young age. Viruses get airborne way into the body and attack the respiratory system. Inflammation of the lung tissue leads to hypoxia - oxygen starvation.

Symptoms:

• acute onset of the disease;
• body temperature - 38-39 degrees, lasts about 10 days, during the day can fall and rise several times;
• rhinitis;
• conjunctivitis;
• frequent coughing;
• dyspnea;
• wet wheezing in the lungs.

Confirm the diagnosis by radiography, sputum examination, blood test. Viral pneumonia occurs mainly during the cold season - during epidemics of influenza or in epidemic outbreaks of measles, chicken pox. As therapy, Tamiflu, Remantadine, Acyclovir, Ganciclovir, Ribavirin, antibiotics (for bacterial complications), expectorant, antipyretic drugs are prescribed.

Important! With viral pneumonia with high fever, hospitalization is recommended, since the risk of complications is high. Babies up to a year old, pregnant and elderly people with chronic illnesses are referred to inpatient treatment immediately. If viral pneumonia is not treated, then complications are possible - meningitis, encephalitis, pulmonary edema, severe respiratory failure.

Bacterial

Infectious inflammatory process in lung tissue is caused by pathogenic microbial flora - pneumococci, staphylococcus, meningococcus, klebsiella, legionella, hemophilic or E. coli. Bacterial pneumonia is in the lead among other forms. In the lung tissue, microorganisms get airborne or hematogenous. Provoke the disease can hypothermia, acute respiratory infections, stress, weakening of immunity, hormonal failures.

Pneumonia is focal or lobar (with lesions of individual parts of the lung or whole lobe), one-sided or bilateral. It often occurs with a cough, but can also without it.

In severe conditions, respiratory failure occurs in the patients, the nasolabial triangle turns blue (the symptom is more common in children), cough is dry, and then with phlegm, a sharp temperature jump of up to 40 degrees, nausea, dizziness.

Dangerous is the bilateral defeat of the lungs, without timely treatment, a fatal outcome is possible.

Signs of bilateral inflammation:

• high fever lasts for a long time, is not removed by usual antipyretic agents;
• cough with phlegm, there may be an admixture of blood;
• dyspnea;
• vomiting due to intoxication;
• pallor of the skin.

Diagnosis is carried out with the help of radiography, blood test, baclos sputum. The disease is treated with antibiotics for two weeks permanently.

Important! Dangerous bilateral pneumonia with atypical course. She has no major symptoms - high fever, coughing! If you do not diagnose the disease in time, do not start treatment, then respiratory failure and death occur.

Fungal

The causative agents of the disease are various kinds of fungi - molds, yeast. Explicit signs of the disease:

• temperature increase;
• dizziness;
• weakness;
• dry cough.

The diagnosis is based on radiography, microbiological examination, blood analysis. It is difficult to accurately determine the pathogen at the onset of the disease, so treatment is often delayed or ineffective. Inflammation is progressing, the fungus multiplies in the lung tissue, and purulent sputum appears.

Fungal pneumonia develops on the background of weakened immunity. Most often occurs in people with cancer, diabetes, HIV, tuberculosis. It can be accompanied by arthritis, erosion of the mucous membrane of the throat, conjunctivitis, erythema nodosum.

Important! If the disease is not treated with antifungal drugs (ketoconazole, Flukonazol), then it can spread from the lungs to the brain and heart with the formation of new foci! The cause of fungal infection can be long-term antibiotic therapy against the background of immunodeficiency (congenital or HIV).

Typical pneumonia

The causative agents of the disease are pneumococci, hemophilia, E. coli, Friedlander's stick. The disease is detected with the radiography of the lungs. In the images, blackouts with clear contours are noticeable.

For proper diagnosis of the disease, it is important to do blood tests and sputum. The main method of treatment - antibacterial therapy with drugs of the penicillin group. The delay in diagnosis or treatment can lead to serious complications.

The main signs of the disease:

• a sharp increase in temperature;
• chills;
• cough with copious sputum;
• pain in the chest.

The disease is characterized by a sharp onset. The patient's breathing is harsh. In the lungs, dry or wet wheezing is heard. Disease with temperature and cough occurs in adults and children.

Sometimes inflammation of the lungs can occur with erased symptoms - without fever and coughing.

Symptoms of inflammation without fever:

• cough moderate or absent;
• labored breathing;
• pallor of the skin;
• hyperemia of the face (blush);
• dyspnea.

Important! The erased form of pneumonia occurs in people with weakened immunity, against the backdrop of uncontrolled antibiotic treatment! Lack of proper treatment can lead to death.

Atypical pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia - this name includes several types of disease. Pathogens - viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa. They provoke diseases with atypical signs. As a result, mild manifestations do not correspond to the real state of the patient. Children and adults are ill. Because of the lack of characteristic symptoms and the response to standard treatment, pneumonia is called atypical.

X-ray examination shows a weak obscuration with fuzzy boundaries. Patients feel bad, although there are no signs of pneumonia. The amount of sputum is small, sometimes there is none at all. Cough dry, there may be pain and choking in the throat. A small leukocytosis is observed in the general blood test. The temperature is often absent, but can sharply rise to 40 degrees, causing headaches.

Types of SARS:

• mycoplasmal;
• chlamydial;
• legionellosis;
• pneumocystic.

Mycoplasmic

The causative agents of the disease are mycoplasmas. The first signs of the disease:

• nasal congestion;
• an obsessive dry cough;
• sore throat.

The disease is transmitted by airborne droplets, they are ill during the autumn-winter period-mainly schoolchildren and young people. The incubation period is about two weeks.

The disease begins gradually. There is a rhinitis, then a cough that persists for several weeks. During the cough a small amount of viscous sputum is released. Patients sometimes experience fever, GI disorder, sleep disturbance. Diagnosis is carried out using radiography and analysis. Treatment is carried out, appointing tetracyclines, macrolides, fluoroquinolones.

Chlamydial

Pathogens are intracellular parasites of chlamydia. They are devoid of the cell wall and are immune to certain antibiotics (penicillins, cephalosporins). Respiratory manifestations of the disease - rhinitis, low-producing cough, high fever. To confirm the diagnosis, laboratory tests and radiography are used. As a therapy appoint macrolides, fluoroquinolones, with inefficiency - tetracyclines.

Important! Pneumonia arises from falling into the lower respiratory tract of a dangerous pathogen!

Provoke the disease can hypothermia, weakening of the immune system, hormonal failures. Symptoms of pneumonia are not always acute. Sometimes a person has a latent form. At any, even insignificant, at first sight, signs it is necessary to address to the attending physician for consultation.