The heart is a significant organ, the work of which is not yet fully understood, regardless of the successes and breakthroughs of modern medicine.
This is a kind of pump that pumps blood through which it circulates through the circulatory system and nourishes the entire body.
But sometimes his work fails. Let's see what it is - the sinus arrhythmia of the heart, whether such a rhythm disturbance is dangerous and what.
General information
Sinus arrhythmia implies a heart failure when the difference between cardiacreduction of more than 10% ( if this indicator is less, there is no pathology).In this case, the pulse remains within normal limits( 60-80 beats per minute).
Sinus arrhythmia should be present in a person, because in a calm state the heart beats moderately, and in response to excitement or at the time of physical exertion, the pulse becomes more frequent. It
allows you to see the level of fitness of the heart muscle to the loads of and is, within certain limits, a sign of good health.According to statistics, for arrhythmia accounted for 10-15% of all heart diseases .In recent years, the number of cases has increased. Sinus arrhythmia is most often observed in the elderly, as well as those who abuse alcohol or drugs.
In children, sinus arrhythmia is present quite often, but, in most cases, is not a pathology, since the nervous system simply does not keep up with the growing organism.
Disease does not require treatment if it develops against the background of pronounced nervous experiences. As soon as a person relaxes, it passes by itself. For calming in this case, you can use herbal medicines( valerian, motherwort).
Symptoms of the disease, especially in the early stages, do not show clearly. A person can quite a long time not to guess about the existence of his health problems.
Classification of
Sinus arrhythmia is divided into the following types of heart rate( heart rate):
- Tachyarrhythmia , which tracks frequent heartbeats over 80 beats per minute;blood does not fill the heart in full, because of which all internal organs suffer, blood flow is disturbed.
It is found in people with problems with the thyroid gland, the autonomic nervous system;
- Sinus bradycardia - the patient's heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute;the cause may be fasting or a prolonged diet, increased intracranial pressure, problems with the thyroid gland, taking certain medications.
A decrease in heart rate below 40 beats per minute can lead to fainting or even to cardiac arrest and death;
- Extrasystole - premature contraction of the heart muscle, due to nervous overloads and stresses, bad habits, lack of magnesium and potassium in the body.
The cause may also be forms of ischemic heart disease and cardiac muscle dystrophy. Cardiac output is unproductive. The patient experiences a feeling of sinking heart, deaf tremors in the heart, a sense of anxiety and lack of air;
- Physiological ( respiratory) sinus arrhythmia - is not a deviation from the norm, manifested in the slowing of heart rate on exhalation and acceleration on inspiration.
Adherence to children and adolescents, in adults, sinus respiratory arrhythmia sometimes accompanies vegetative-vascular dystonia, brain diseases, appears after severe infections.
Stages of
The following stages of the disease are distinguished:
- The mild( moderate) sinus arrhythmia - in most cases does not manifest itself, it can be a specific feature of a particular organism, as well as accompanying the elderly.
It is not a deviation from the norm if it is associated with hormonal changes in the body( in adolescents).It is necessary to consult a doctor to determine the exact cause and nature of the disease.
- Sinus arrhythmia of the first degree - symptoms occur rarely and, as a rule, pass by themselves, the patient does not experience discomfort.
Often manifested in respiratory disorders( respiratory arrhythmia), is detected in adolescents during puberty, in athletes, in elderly people. A doctor's consultation is required, especially if there are frequent fainting.
- Sinus arrhythmia of the second degree - the symptoms are expressed most clearly and co-exist with different heart diseases. A person has a strong weakness, fatigue, dyspnea.
- Sinus arrhythmia of the third degree - the symptoms are very clear. It is extremely important to conduct timely diagnostics to identify the exact cause of the disease and prescribe treatment.
There are likely serious complications. It requires a survey of all internal organs.
Causes of
In children and adolescents:
- severe stress, psychological depression;
- intrauterine malformation;
- tumors and heart defects;
- pathology of internal organs;
- heredity;
- poisoning;
- long and severe infections;
- of myocardial disease.
In young people and middle-aged people:
- high blood pressure;
- heart disease;
- chronic lung diseases and thyroid;
- alcoholism and smoking;
- viral infections;
- stress;
- heart surgery;
- lack of potassium and magnesium in the body.
In elderly people, sinus arrhythmia, in addition to the above reasons, is almost always the manifestation of another heart disease, a consequence of other health problems, including age-related ones. Risk factors include: medication, abundant fatty foods, abuse of coffee and cigarettes.
Symptoms and signs
Symptoms of sinus arrhythmia are associated with cardiac rhythm disturbances. A person complains of "fading" of the heart, shortness of breath, lack of air, dizziness, weakness and fainting , he has panic attacks associated with a sense of fear and anxiety.
The first signs of the disease are:
- palpable palpitations;
- pain on the left side of the chest, giving in the arm;
- inability to take a full breath;
- shortness of breath;
- pulsation in the temporal region;
- attacks of severe weakness, dizziness, fainting;
- cold extremities.
Diagnostics
The following methods are used to diagnose sinus arrhythmia:
- ECG( electrocardiogram) - as a paramount method;
- EFI( electrophysiological study);
- echocardiogram;
- monitoring( incidental, Holter);
- test with load;
- orthostatic test;
- laboratory tests( delivery of a general blood test, blood for hormones T3 and T4);
- determination of heart rate variability.
What is sinus arrhythmia, we figured out, but how it looks on the ECG:
Differential diagnosis is to in time to recognize the disease and prevent complications of .That's why the doctor always prescribes ECG for rhythm disturbances and as a preventive therapeutic method that allows to recognize the pathology and works as an initial diagnostic method.
First aid
The attack can be taken by surprise, it suddenly starts and ends as well. The patient should call an ambulance.
Before the brigade arrives, you should try to calm the person, create comfortable conditions, open the window, you can give the sedative ( motherwort, valerian, valocordin).
If the patient loses consciousness , you need to tilt your head back and unbutton the collar. In the absence of breathing and palpitation, it is necessary to do artificial respiration before the ambulance arrives.
Treatment and rehabilitation
Treatment should undergo strictly under the supervision of specialist .Basic methods:
- a healthy balanced diet( refusal of coffee, strong tea, alcohol, fatty and sweet food);
- quitting;
- medication( sedatives, tranquilizers, antiarrhythmics);
- installation of a pacemaker( for severe disease);
- surgical operation;
- traditional medicine( only together with the main treatment and with the permission of the doctor): treatment of asparagus, lemons, walnuts and honey, hawthorn;
- treatment with leeches.
How to treat sinus arrhythmia of the heart in each individual case is determined by the attending physician.
Rehabilitation after an attack of sinus arrhythmia is to get medical help, which will be directed to cardiac rhythm restoration ( drug or electrostimulation), to ensure the most calm conditions.
Learn more about what sinus arrhythmia means from video:
Forecast, complications and consequences
The forecast is highly ambiguous .Physiological arrhythmia does not pose a threat to human health. In young people, the prognosis is generally favorable. With other types of disease, the development scenario is determined by the nature of the underlying disease.
Complications and consequences:
- risk of sudden cardiac arrest;
- stroke;
- infarction;
- heart failure;
- disorders of cerebral circulation;
- thromboembolism;
- coma.
Relapse prevention and prevention methods:
- positive emotions and good mood;
- Avoiding stress;
- Avoiding heavy loads on the heart;
- sparing mode and the most calm situation;
- treatment of concomitant diseases;
- proper nutrition;
- rejection of bad habits.
Sinus arrhythmia is a formidable disruption of the heart, as it is almost always a symptom of another disease. It is very important to diagnose the disease in time and correctly and take appropriate measures. Treatment should be done only under the supervision of a specialist.
