Sore feet below the knees: the causes and treatment

Why do the legs hurt below the knees: causes, diseases, treatment

Most of us often encounter such a problem as the pain in the legs below the knee - aching and pulling - it gives us some discomfort and fetters our movements.

However, in spite of this fact, most often we treat the given pain syndrome without due attention, referring to the usual fatigue after a hard working day or for long physical load.

In this article, we will tell you about what can cause pain in the legs below the knees.

Causes of leg pain below the knee

As we have already said, the pain in the legs below the knees can be provoked by the most common factors, for example, heavy physical loads or a long walk, however, as a rule, in order to get rid of such consequences, only relax. However, if you are regularly concerned about pain in this area, it is worth considering what caused these painful sensations. Next, we will list the possible reasons for which the legs below the knee may be aching:

1. Phlebeurysm.

   This disease is the most common cause, because of which the patient regularly faced with such a problem as pain in the legs below the knees, and which is not firsthand known practically every woman. And the fact is that the development of varicose veins is promoted by wearing high-heeled shoes, as a result of which there is an expansion of veins on the legs.

It is worth noting that in its initial stages this disease is very difficult to recognize, for all the symptoms can be leveled to the usual fatigue: by the evening of the foot swelling, there is a dull and fairly monotonous pain that passes if the legs are in a horizontal position; short-term convulsions.

1. Vascular thrombosis. Thrombosis of the vessels of the leg below the knee can be divided into two types - arterial thrombosis and venous, and each of the species proceeds and develops in different ways.

So, for example, arterial thrombosis develops very quickly: in just a few hours the leg below the knee becomes very cold and numb, and because of the lack of blood supply the leg becomes white.

In this case, the patient may experience severe pain in this area.

It should be borne in mind that in this situation it is necessary without fail to provoke ambulance without emergency, for arterial thrombosis within the first few hours after the onset of such symptoms tissue and leg necrosis occur dies.

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Venous thrombosis develops over a period of several days and this disease manifests itself with symptoms such as heaviness and strong and burgeoning pain in the legs, because of which the patient sometimes does not seem to be possible even to step on the patient foot.

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Approximately on the third or fourth day after the onset of the above symptoms begins necrosis of the tissue, which causes gangrene to develop legs.

That is why if you have similar symptoms, you should immediately call for emergency medical attention.

1. Polineuropathy.

   Most often this disease is a consequence of the presence of diabetes, which in turn affects not only the bones and tissues of the organs, but also the nerve endings. By the way, there are cases when the pain in the legs is below the knee - there is a unique symptom of the presence of such a disease as diabetes.

With patient polyneuropathy, a constant and incessant, burning pain in the region of the leg below the knee is disturbed; There may also be numbness and decreased sensitivity.

1. Atherosclerosis obliterans. The essence of this disease is a violation of the blood flow to the lower leg, which occurs due to the narrowing of the lumens of the vessels.

   As a rule, with this disease the patient begins to be bothered by painful sensations in the region of the leg below the knee up to the foot itself.

   Initially, this pain syndrome manifests itself during a long walk or because of debilitating physical exertion, but in view of the progression of the disease, severe pain will manifest itself even in state of rest.

   As this disease progresses on the legs, non-healing ulcers will form in the future, the skin will flake off; nails also undergo pathological changes.

In the future, if you do not take any measures to cure this disease, its subsequent development can lead to tissue necrosis and the development of gangrene, which in consequence can cause amputation extremities. That is why with similar symptoms it is necessary to consult the appropriate specialist, namely - to the surgeon for further surgical intervention.

1. Deficiency of salts and microelements in the body. We all know that our body needs certain trace elements (for example, soda, calcium, potassium, magnesium), without which its normal functioning is impossible.

   And if there is a shortage or presence of any imbalance, our body starts telling us about it signal by the manifestation of painful sensations, which in turn can occur in the most different areas.

   For the same reason, unpleasant sensations can also occur in the region of the leg below the knee; and most often such a deficit manifests itself in the form of cramps in the gastrocnemius muscles.

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   It is not uncommon for a given affliction to "claim" itself at night, thus causing its "owner" to wake up.

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1. Various injuries and injuries. Of course, if there is any injury to the lower leg or knee, the pain in this area will be troubled for a long time, but, nevertheless, with the passage of time, it will still pass.

   However, in the case of a wrong or incomplete treatment that was completed at the time, the previously received trauma will regularly remind oneself "throughout life."

   That is why at the time of receiving any injury it is very important to follow all the instructions of your doctor.

Prevention of pain in the legs below the knee

As you have already understood, such an ailment as a pain in the legs below the knee can be associated with many different diseases, possible only when referring to the appropriate specialist, however, in some cases, the emerging pain in this area is a common manifestation fatigue. And in this situation it is recommended to adhere to some tips that will help you get rid of such a pain syndrome:

• watch your weight. In the presence of excess body weight, it is recommended to reduce it;
• do sports; the most useful sport for our legs is swimming, swimming helps our calf muscles to always be in the right tone;
• walk daily;

• if possible, give up tight and excessively tight clothing. By the way, there are not many who think about it, but this way it is possible to prevent lymphatic and venous congestion in the legs;
• Avoid the position of "foot on foot this is the position and the blood vessels, which causes the blood flow to decrease;
• balance your diet: in your diet, dairy products, fresh fruits and vegetables should be present daily. It is also important to monitor compliance with the water-salt balance. Remember that a person a day must eat up to three liters of fluid;
• regularly do gymnastics and leg exercises.

A source: http://doctoroff.ru/pochemu-bolyat-nogi-nizhe-kolen

Causes of pain in the legs below the knees

Every day feet get a lot of work. We walk, run, stand, in this regard, few people are surprised by fatigue in the legs at the end of the day.

If your legs hurt below the knees and this happens quite often, you need to think about the cause of the pain, they can indicate the development of the disease.

Causes

Asking the question why the legs hurt below the knees, it is difficult to give an unambiguous answer, because there are many reasons for this.

All the possible reasons for which the leg is hurt below the knee, can be divided into three conditional groups: diseases associated with vertebral column, namely with lumbar spine; trauma, which the person suffered earlier; diseases associated with cardiovascular system.

If we talk about specific reasons, they can become:

• Damage to the patella of the foot where the pain is felt.
• Detachment of the meniscus or other damage to it.
• Inflammation of ankle muscles.
• Inflammation that affects the ligament of the foot, tendons, tendon sheaths, specifically touches the lower leg and knee.
• The rupture of the ligaments of the ankle joint, which will manifest not only unpleasant painful sensations, but also swelling, and also there will be problems with movement. This is easier to determine than others, since pain usually occurs after the patient has fallen. Painful sensations in this case will increase with the load on the foot or when palpating the damaged area.
• Too much stress on the joint and the leg as a whole. Usually appears in athletes who heavily load their feet. There is no serious damage, but the microradiation of the muscles makes themselves felt, so the pain in the leg is below the knee.
• Accumulation of lactic acid. If there is no reason for the pain, the load on the joint was insignificant, and the pains still appeared, then the cause could be lactic acid. It has a special property to irritate the nerve endings of a person's muscles, because of this, and there is pain in the leg below the knee.
• Microtraumas of different origin.
• Excess weight can cause additional stress not only on the legs, but also on the entire body, so it can provoke diseases of various types.
• Problems with bone tissue, this applies to those who have previously suffered fractures, has a cracked bone. Problems with bones can also occur in old age and in women, when they begin menopause. In most of these cases, there is a distinct pain in the bone below the knee.
• Diseases that affect the intervertebral discs of the spine, the patient feels pain because of the jamming of nerves that go to the tips of the toes. Basically, with such diseases, there is pain in the legs below the knees, as well as in the thigh and buttocks.
• Hypoxia of the muscles caused by thrombosis of small arteries, provokes the occurrence of pain in the leg.
• Flat feet, with such a disease there are not only problems with the arch of the foot, but with all the limbs. The reason for this is the extra tension of the foot. The child's legs ache with valgus deformation of the foot. Typically, such a disease affects very young children. Deformation of the foot in this way becomes the root cause of flatfoot in the older age.
• Erysipelas. In addition, that the shin starts to hurt, it turns red, the temperature rises in the affected area and there is a burning sensation in the legs below the knee. At the same time, painful sensations appear mainly in the front. Symptoms of this ailment can be a general malaise of the patient, which is accompanied by a headache, an increase in body temperature, which can reach 40 degrees.
• Pulsating pain usually appears in the toes and is a harbinger of gout.
• If the joint suffers from pain, then usually the cause is rheumatoid arthritis, as for the elderly, among them the most common disease is osteoporosis of the ankle.
• If the legs hurt below the knees only at night, then the cause may be a violation of the mineral metabolism, as an option, the pain may become a manifestation of hypovitaminosis. In addition to normal pain, convulsions may appear, which indicate a lack of trace elements in the body.

Symptoms and complaints of patients

In addition to the fact that the patient has habitual symptoms such as pain, swelling, swelling, others may appear, which only aggravate his condition. These include:

• general tiredness;
• irritability due to a trifle;
• depression, which can drag on;
• constant mood jumps;
• headache.

Patients, referring to a doctor, call in many respects similar symptoms and the course of the disease. Therefore, there are a number of habitual complaints from patients who can confirm the fact that you need to consult a doctor. Usually the attending physician hears similar stories:

"I wake up at night from the fact that I feel a pulsation in the vessels below the knee, it creates the feeling that the vessel is clogged, although I have never had a problem with it."

"The first symptoms arose a few months ago. They showed unpleasant "goose bumps" in the lower leg, periodically appeared, and then again disappeared. Then to such sensations the pain which on sensations reminds a burn "was added.

"The feeling of pain in the shin goes from the withers and up to the middle of the calf, it appears after the loads and resembles a pulsation, while you can tolerate."

"I began to run in the evenings, after two weeks of such training, there was pain in my leg. I do not feel painful sensations in the joint. I took a break, which lasts four days, but there is no improvement. "

"After the stress on his feet, there was a sharp pain, a feeling that a little more and she would just break down. The decrease in the load affected positively, but instead of pain, numbness appeared. "

"There were pains after training, before there were no problems with joints or with bones. There was no trauma, either. The pain manifests itself in different ways, it hurts the front from the front, then from the side, then its entire back side. "

If such stories remind you of your feelings, then you should immediately go to the doctor and take a test to find out the cause of the discomfort and start treating the disease.

Diseases that most often cause pain below the knee

In addition to all possible causes of ailments in the lower part of the legs, there are diseases that are considered the most common for pains that occur below the knee.

Varicose veins

All are accustomed to associate varicose veins with huge convex blue veins on their legs, but in the first stages this disease manifests itself somewhat differently.

Patients feel heaviness in the legs, especially below the knee, swelling of the legs, usually at the end of the day.

Pain in the leg is observed after a long stay in the standing position and disappears after the person has rested lying down. In some cases, convulsions occur.

Thrombosis

This disease is different in that its appearance is very difficult not to notice. Thrombosis is characterized by a pronounced clinical picture, arterial and venous thrombosis have their differences.

If the veins suffer, then the patient feels the onset of pain gradually, this process lasts for several days. Then there is a feeling of heaviness and pain when a person tries to get on a damaged leg. The leg is hot and changes color from burgundy to blue.

If the time does not provide medical care, then necrosis of the foot may develop.

When problems arise with the artery, the disease develops very quickly. The leg begins to grow dull, paler, there may be a sharp pain. For 2-4 hours, the leg begins to die, so urgent measures are needed.

Diagnostics

Before deciding what to do with pain in the leg, it is necessary to conduct a survey that will help determine the cause of the disease. For this purpose, a number of surveys are carried out, including:

• analysis of blood and urine;
• In addition to a general blood test, biochemical indices are also needed;
• X-ray;
• ultrasound of blood vessels;
• mRT;
• kT;
• angiography;
• electromyography.

In your case, the doctor can do only a few indicators to confirm the diagnosis that he put, focusing on the symptoms and pain in the leg. But there is a possibility that several diagnostic methods will be needed to determine the cause of the disease.

Treatment

The process of treatment will directly depend on the diagnosis, which will be delivered to you by the attending physician. Treatment of the disease will be carried out using several methods. This can be a medication, surgery, physiotherapy, physical therapy or massage.

The medications are mainly aimed at coping with the pain that does not leave the patient, also eliminate the inflammation, if any.

To restore the body requires the use of a number of vitamins and trace elements.

Among the physiotherapy procedures can be used: electrophoresis, wave therapy, magnetotherapy, laser treatment and other methods of treatment.

That swings therapeutic physical education, then it is prescribed only if there are no contraindications, because physical education can aggravate the situation. As for the massage, foot massage is often used, especially if it is appropriate for flat feet.

The operation becomes the last stage in treatment, surgical intervention is prescribed in the event that other types of therapy did not help. Also, the operation is indicated, if it is obvious that at this stage of the disease the effect will have only such treatment.

Prevention

To keep your feet healthy for longer, you need to adhere to simple rules that help prevent disease:

• go to low heels, try to wear shoes with high heels less often;
• do not squeeze the vessels when sitting, usually this occurs when a person tosses his leg to the leg;
• if you have the first signs of flatfoot, start treating it now, because it only worsens;
• Control your weight, excess weight on your feet speeds up the development of diseases;
• when resting lying on your back, lift your legs up and hold them so it will improve the blood flow in your limbs;
• Do not wear often tight pants, this can provoke lymphatic stasis in the legs;
• walking tours give a moderate load on the legs, and also have a positive effect on the entire musculoskeletal system;
• periodically go barefoot - it's very useful;
• control the water-salt balance of your body.

Do not forget that for a healthy kind of legs you need to constantly monitor them. Training, evening massage or foot bath - and your legs will be beautiful and healthy.

A source: http://drpozvonkov.ru/ossa-musculi-ligamentorum/prichiny-bolej-v-nogax-nizhe-kolen.html

Why do legs hurt from the knee to the foot? Causes, pathologies, treatment

People quite often encounter the fact that the legs hurt from the knee to the foot. About such feelings still say that "feet are buzzing and often do not pay due attention to this.

Pain sensations below the knee can be associated with the usual overwork from physical exertion, long walking, wearing high-heeled shoes. But such a symptom can also be associated with the development of very dangerous pathologies, which can not be cured without medical assistance.

How to determine the danger of the symptom of leg soreness below the knee, and when should you seek medical attention for treatment?

Pain in the legs is also possible with intensive loads, for example, after or during running

Causes of leg pain from knee to foot

Causes of pain arising in the area below the knees, it is necessary to look for in the anatomical structure of the foot. What can cause pain in this area:

• Diseases of arterial and venous vessels;
• Pathologies of nerve fibers;
• Damage and trauma to the small and large tibia;
• Diseases of the osteoarticular system;
• Pathological states of muscles.

If there is any functional or organic damage to any of the parts of the leg, the pain begins to fall into the lower part of the leg.

Sometimes such pain sensations are not dangerous, but also they can be a sign of pathologies that threaten health and human life.

Therefore, it is necessary to establish why the legs hurt from the knee to the foot, and if necessary, seek the diagnosis and treatment to the doctor.

The main reasons why the legs hurt below the knees:

• Injuries (fractures, sprains, ligament or muscle tears);
• Atherosclerosis (formation of plaques in the arteries below the knees);
• Osteoporosis;
• Osteoarthritis, arthritis;
• Polyneuropathy (pathological disorders of nerve fibers);
• Diseases of arteries of the lower extremities (vasculitis, nodular periarthritis);
• Sedavlenie in the soft tissues of the lower limbs;
• Lack of micronutrients;
• Osteochondrosis (with compression of nerve endings);
• Spasm of muscles (muscle tone), caused by prolonged stress on the lower limbs;
• Inflammatory processes developing in the tibia (myositis);
• Varicosity;
• Thrombosis of arteries and veins;
• Osteomyelitis (infectious processes in the inner part of the bones);
• Rheumatic pathologies;
• Lymphostasis of the ankles;
• Benign and malignant tumors of muscles, bones, tissues;
• Abuse of certain types of medicines.

The main causes of pain in the legs below the knees are arthritis, arthrosis, osteoporosis and various injuries

The bones and muscles of the shins carry a tremendous strain, so the bones of the legs from the knee to the foot so often hurt with any change in the body.

The cause of such pain can be physiological conditions, which include rapid weight gain, pregnancy, physical overload, periods of active growth in adolescents and children.

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In such circumstances, the pain is of a moderate nature, usually increases with prolonged stays on the legs and decreases after rest.

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In other cases, the pathology can be determined only by careful diagnosis and clarification of the nature and type of pain, as well as its localization and the frequency of occurrence.

Types of pain and possible pathologies

Pain in the ankle is often a consequence of any deviation from the normal development and functioning of a particular part of the body, one or more organs.

Consider the most frequent types of pathologies, in which the legs are hurt below the knee, and the features of their manifestation.

Possible pathologies	The nature of pain	Additional symptoms	Localization of pain
Spasm or muscle tone with prolonged exertion on the legs	The nature of the pain depends on the received load - static pain occurs with a long standing in one place, the dynamic arises when running, walking, after physical exertion. Pain can be stiffening or arise only when the load is restored to the feet.	-	It hurts the whole muscle, undergoing a load, from the knee to the foot.
Injuries	Pain can be aching, sometimes becomes acute. It can occur with a frequency, depending on the weather.	Serious injury can cause redness and swelling in the place of impact.	Occurs in the place of injury. It can be seen from the outside or inside of the foot.
Inflammatory processes in the lower leg (myositis)	The pain is permanent.	Muscle weakness, chills, fever.	The knees hurt from behind, the pain usually does not change the dislocation.
Atherosclerosis	The pain manifests itself usually when walking, but when going into a chronic form, it can also appear in a state of rest.	The lameness develops, with chronic form trophic changes of integuments are possible.	The pain spreads over the entire surface of the shin.
Varicose veins	Dull, constant pains.	Edema, cramps, "mesh" and "stars" on the skin, heaviness in the legs, swelling of the veins.	The pain is localized throughout the limb region below the knee.
Osteoporosis	Pain in the lower leg occurs with a progressive form of the disease.	Disturbance of the digestive tract, back pain, thinning of the nail plates.	The pain spreads over the entire surface of the shin.
Thrombosis	Shinching pain.	Appearance of cyanotic edema, an increase in local temperature.	The pain is localized at the site of the thrombus, after - spreads over the entire shin.
Osteoarthritis, arthritis	Pain is firing, aching or acute.	Redness and swelling of the limb, the appearance of crunch when moving.	Foots are either in the knee joint or in the lower part.
Osteomyelitis	The pain is felt strongly, sharply.	Inflammation and redness of the joint, fever. Because of the pain syndrome, movement is almost impossible.	Legs hurt below the knees, behind.
Polyneuropathy	Burning sensation, burning feet. The pain is permanent.	The skin takes a pale pink shade, the gait is disturbed. Numbness in the legs, cold extremity syndrome.	Pain in the ankle and burning on the soles.
Rheumatic pathologies	Pain can be varied depending on the nature of the rheumatic pathology, which greatly complicates the diagnosis.	Redness and swelling, loss of strength, stiffness of muscles.	The leg or foot hurts below a knee in front, behind, below or on all shin.
Diseases of the arteries (vasculitis, nodular periarteritis)	The pain is sharp, especially with the progression of the disease.	Pale skin, itching, rashes, itching, swelling.	Pain can be localized in one place, but it can also migrate.
Vascular lymphostasis	Intense severe pain.	Inflammation and otochenost.	The pain is localized throughout the shin area and is accompanied by an inflammatory process.
Soft tissue compression	At the first stages, pain is not manifested, and then starts to build up, constantly increasing up to the atrophy of the foot.	Hematomas.	Depending on the place of injury (squeezing).
Shin Tumors	Acute, often recurring pain.	Weakness, increase in tumor to visible size.	The pain extends to the entire lower leg.
Lack of micronutrients in the blood (magnesium, potassium, calcium)	Pain can be of different strength and intensity.	Convulsions, usually occurring at night.	Often disturbed at night around the perimeter below the knee.
Abuse of certain medications (diuretics, glucocorticoids)	First, there is a slight discomfort below the knee, after which the pain increases, if not stop taking medications.

If pain in the legs occurs during walking, you should consult a doctor, as this may indicate an inflammation of the synovial membrane or ligaments

Pain in the knee can be classified according to their manifestation:

• Pain and burning occur with polyneuropathy.
• Strong, debilitating pains - rheumatism, malignant tumors, squeezing, severe injuries.
• Aching pains are frequent in bone tumors, arthrosis.
• Drawing pains - inflammation in the shins, spasms and tonus of the muscles.
• Sharp pains - pathology of the arteries, osteomyelitis.
• Dull pains - varicosity, pathology of the arteries.

Professional athletes often also suffer from pain in their legs due to heavy loads during training and playing sports

Severe pain in the lower part of the legs is often present in athletes or persons whose activities are associated with high traffic loads.

The appearance of pain is usually associated with an incident, or they appear due to the development of certain pathologies.

Therefore, if there are additional symptoms, and pain continues to increase, the best solution is to immediately consult a doctor.

Diagnosis and treatment

When diagnosing pain below the knee, all the characteristics of the pain are taken into account: when they arise, where it is localized, how many continue, when they disappear or decrease. This takes into account data on the field, the age of the patient, concomitant diseases, previous operations and injuries.

Then the doctor examines the patient: an examination of the pain zones and a comprehensive evaluation of all the parameters of the body (blood pressure, temperature, palpation of the lymph nodes and abdomen, etc.). After the preliminary diagnosis, additional tests are performed: urine and blood tests, ultrasound, x-ray, etc. depending on the type of pathology.

Noticeable reddening or blueing of the limb is a sign that you should immediately seek medical help

What to do if the legs hurt from the knee to the foot:

• With muscle tone (spasm) treatment is not performed. It is enough to limit physical activity and provide rest to the lower extremities. If the spasms are repeated often and there are seizures, you should look for other causes of such symptoms.
• In case of trauma, an X-ray of the damaged area should be performed, after which, depending on the severity of the lesion, medicamentous (anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs) or non-drug treatment (gypsum, fixing bandage).
• With myositis, prescribe antibiotics, vascular and analgesic drugs, compliance with bed rest.
• Atherosclerosis requires drug therapy (aspirin, phosphodiesterase inhibitors), therapeutic walking, lifestyle changes, and sometimes surgical intervention is required.
• With varicose appoint antiplatelet agents, phlebotonics, surgical removal of veins, laser treatment.
• In osteoporosis, an orthopedist or surgeon prescribes a specialized diet, taking calcitonins, piercephosphates, and hormonal preparations.
• In thrombosis appoint anesthetic drugs, injections of heparin, coagulants, derivatives of routine.
• With arthrosis, arthritis rheumatologist prescribes antipyretic, anesthetic drugs, gypsum, chondroprotectors, arthroscopy, therapeutic mud.
• In osteomyelitis, a traumatologist or surgeon prescribes anti-inflammatory, anti-edematous drugs, antibiotic treatment, ultrasound, surgical intervention, ball therapy, mud treatment.
• With polyneuropathy prescribed painkillers, magnesium preparations, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, vitamins.
• With rheumatism, a rheumatologist prescribes pain relievers, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory drugs, a healthy diet, restoration of immunity.
• In diseases of the arteries, treatment is carried out using cytostatic anti-inflammatory, antiallergic drugs, glucocorticosteroids, angioprotector, exercise therapy, exercise in the pool, hydrogen sulphide baths.
• When squeezing the soft tissues should be treated with anesthetic drugs, the application of a tourniquet, forced diuresis, infusion-transfusion therapy.
• For tumors of the lower leg, surgical intervention, chemotherapy is suggested.

For pains that occur below the knee, treatment should begin with therapy of the pathology or disease that caused such disorders.

It is necessary to begin to limit physical activities and exercise, and then consult a doctor and follow medical recommendations, because

the development of certain diseases with untimely referral to a doctor can lead to immobility, disability and even death.

»Symptoms» Why do legs hurt from the knee to the foot? Causes, pathologies, treatment

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Why do the legs hurt below the knees?

Back and joint health »Diagnosis

Often you can hear a complaint like a leg below the knee.

But in most cases, no one pays special attention to such a "petty" sign, writing off their symptoms for overwork or walking on their heels.

Often this kind of pain can be a sign of a more serious pathology. Therefore, one must always be critical of one's own state.

Speaking of pain in the legs below the knee, imply a pain syndrome of the shin. The shin is part of the leg from the knee joint to the foot.

Anatomic shin consists of tibial and fibular bones, a large number of muscles, nerve fibers and blood vessels (arterial and venous).

Accordingly, pain can occur with an organic or functional lesion of any anatomical structure of the shin.

Is there a danger?

It should immediately be noted that in some cases, shin pain can be dangerous not only for health, but also for human life.

For example, pain below the knee may be a sign of deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities, and this, in time, is not diagnosed, the condition can lead to clotting of the thrombus and blockage of the pulmonary artery, leading to instantaneous death of a person.

Therefore, if you suffer from pain in the legs below the knee, especially if the pain is constant and relapsing, then be sure to seek medical help to find out the cause of this symptom so that the treatment can be started during.

Thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery often leads to sudden death

Causes of pain syndrome

The following causes may cause pain below the knee:

• the lack of blood in such microelements, as calcium, magnesium, potassium (hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia and hypokalemia), more often the cause of a decrease in the concentration of these trace elements is diet, poor absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, leaching out organism;
• long-term use of some medications (diuretics, drugs that lower the level of cholesterol in the body, glucocorticoid hormones);
• tonic spasm of the leg muscles, which often occurs as a result of physical overstrain, prolonged walking, sports, standing on legs;
• traumatic lesions of anatomical structures in the legs (small and tibial fractures, sprains, rupture of ligaments or muscles);
• inflammatory muscle damage in the leg (myositis);
• atherosclerotic disease in the formation of plaques in the arteries below the knee (obliterating atherosclerosis);
• thrombosis of deep veins or arteries in the legs below the knee;
• varicose veins of the lower extremities;
• osteoporosis;
• with arthrosis and arthritis of the knee, pain can be felt not only in the knee joint, but also in the legs below the knee;
• osteomyelitis (infectious lesion of the inner part of the shin bones), more often occurs in children than in adults;
• polyneuropathy - the defeat of nerve fibers in people who suffer from diabetes, chronic alcoholics, smokers;
• arterial disease in the legs (vasculitis, nodular periarteritis, etc.);
• Rheumatic diseases (dermatopolymyositis, lupus, etc.);
• compression of the soft tissues of the lower leg;
• lymphostasis in the vessels of the legs;
• benign and malignant tumors of bones, muscles and other soft tissues below the knee;
• Paget's disease;
• metastases of cancer of different localization into bone tissue;
• compression of nerve fibers in osteochondrosis or intervertebral hernia of the lumbar spine.

Below we will consider frequent and at the same time dangerous causes of pain in the leg.

Varicose disease of lower extremities

In the initial stages, leg varicose may not be accompanied by typical manifestations in the form of enlarged convoluted superficial veins and it is sometimes difficult to recognize it. The first signs of varicose veins can be:

• feeling of heaviness in the legs;
• swelling of the lower extremities at the end of the day;
• monotonous dull pain in the leg, which appears after a long stay in the vertical position of the legs;
• pain, heaviness and swelling pass after resting in a horizontal position, especially if the feet are put on the pillow (raise them);
• Sometimes cramps are possible.

Thrombosis of the lower leg

As a rule, such conditions develop sharply and are accompanied by a pronounced clinical picture. There are features and differences between the signs of thrombosis of the arteries and veins.

Venous thrombosis

• begins gradually (for several days);
• there is a feeling of heaviness in the legs and a bursting pain from the outer or inner side of the shin (depending on the localization of the pathological process);
• the limb changes color - becomes crimson red, and then cyanotic;
• the shin considerably swells and its circumference increases;
• pain intensifies, the patient can not step on the aching leg;
• to the touch the foot is hot;
• after a while (3-4 days), if not to provide medical care, necrosis and gangrene of the foot begins.

Venous thrombosis of lower limb

Arterial thrombosis

• pathology develops rapidly (for several hours);
• the first signs can be a feeling of numbness of the foot, its cold snap and a sharp pallor (blood flow stops on the arteries of the shin) or often thrombosis manifests itself in the form of sharp, severe pain below the knee;
• if you do not take urgent measures for 2-4 hours, the limb dies (gangrene starts).

Obliterating atherosclerosis

Pain in this disease is caused by a violation of the main blood flow along the arteries of the lower leg when they are damaged by atherosclerotic plaques and narrowing of the internal lumen.

Pain syndrome is characterized by intermittent claudication. Pain in the calf muscles appears when walking for long distances.

She makes the patient stop and rest, after the pain subsides, the person continues his journey.

But as the disease progresses, the distances are shortened, and the pain begins to appear and at rest.

Begin to develop trophic changes (chronic ulcers) on the feet, dryness and peeling of the skin, pathological changes on the nails of the lower extremities.

If you do not provide qualified surgical care, then this disease can lead to tissue necrosis and gangrene of the limb.

Micronutrient Deficiency

Pain in the lower leg is often caused by a deficiency in the body of trace elements such as calcium, potassium and magnesium.There are many reasons for this pathological condition.

Pain syndrome is characterized by painful cramps in the gastrocnemius muscles. As a rule, such cramps arise in the middle of the night and wake a sick person. They can have a tonic or clonic character.

Pass themselves after a few minutes to ease the pain, patients actively massaging the leg with a spasm.

Cramping of the calf muscles testifies to a deficiency of microelements in the body

Polyneuropathy with diabetes mellitus

As you know, diabetes is a very insidious disease that slowly and steadily affects all organs in the body, including all the nerve endings.

A characteristic complication of diabetes is diabetic polyneuropathy of the lower limbs.

It often happens that with type 2 diabetes (slow and inconspicuous course) patients turn to the doctor because of pain in the legs.

Whatever caused pain in the legs below the knee, the first thing to do is seek medical help and undergo a complete examination, because such a symptom can signal a serious illness, and not just about fatigue feet.

A source: http://MoyaSpina.ru/diagnostika/pochemu-bolyat-nogi-nizhe-kolen

Pain sensations in the legs from the lower leg to the foot: the nature of the pain, the causes of pain below the knee

Not every person, absorbed in the cycle of everyday life, attaches importance to the heaviness and fatigue in the legs.

The patient comes to the doctor's office only at the moment when his legs begin to hurt so that it becomes difficult to move. Legs can whine from knee to foot.

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Sometimes soreness is caused by uncomfortable shoes, overwork or meteosensitivity. But severe pain below the knee can signal a variety of diseases.

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When it comes to the leg section between the knee and the foot, the shin is meant. Anatomical structure of the shin includes two tibia - large and small, as well as a group of muscles, vessels and nerves. Damage to one or more elements, as a rule, generates a pain syndrome.

The causes of pain from the knee to the foot

To hurt the legs below the knee may be due to the following provoking factors:

• Injuries of different etymologies (sprain and rupture of ligaments, fractures of tibia).
• Tonic spasm of small muscles of the tibia, which arises from prolonged presence in one posture, excessive physical exertion.
• Compression compression of the endings of nerve fibers with intervertebral hernia and osteochondrosis of the lumbosacral spine.
• Inflammatory processes inside the muscles (arthritis, arthrosis, myositis, bursitis).
• Hypovitaminosis
• Osteoporosis
• Prolonged intake of medications
• Obliterating atherosclerosis
• Thrombosis of superficial and deep veins
• Phlebeurysm
• Diseases of a rheumatic nature (dermatopoly myositis, lupus).
• Diseases of a neurogenic nature (ischialgia).
• Metastasis of bone tissue
• Benign and malignant neoplasms of bone elements, soft tissues or muscles of the lower leg
• Arterial diseases of the legs (vasculitis, periarthritis).
• Polyneuropathy
• Osteomyelitis (infectious destruction of the leg bone).
• Rupture of the popliteal cyst (Baker's cyst).

Inflammation of the knee and ankle, caused by arthritis or arthrosis

Both diseasescharacterized by joint damage, however, arthrosis causes degenerative disorders only in the joint structures. Arthritis, in addition to the destructive effect on joints, has a negative effect on the work of internal organs.

Typical symptoms of arthritis and arthrosis:

• Light pain in the first stage, which the patient does not pay attention to. The pain progresses and has a pronounced character in walking, physical activity.
• Crushing due to damage to the articular cartilage.
• Movements in the affected limbs are constrained.
• Decrease in the amplitude of movements in the joint.

Inflammation provokesjoint increase in volume, because of what it can be deformed. In the final stages of the disease, bone tissue degenerates, and the joints that accumulate fibrous deposits lose their habitual form.

Varicose veins of the lower leg

Varicose veins are an insidious disease. Many mistakenly believe that only protruding veins of the legs indicate the onset of the disease.

To avoid having to resort to surgery, it is worth paying attention to the condition of the lower extremities. Often, veins are observed on one of the legs.

This is typical for the first stages of the disease. As the disease progresses, the following symptoms are added to it:

• Pain of a pulling character, after the legs were long in a vertical position.
• Feeling of heaviness in both legs.
• Flexion - extensor movements of the joints are accompanied by pain and discomfort.
• Frequent cramps, especially at night.
• Swelling

Venous and arterial thrombosis of lower extremities

The first symptoms,in case of vein thrombosis, arise 2-3 days after its beginning.

The patient starts complaining about the heaviness in the legs and the bursting pain in the bend of the knee joint. On the swollen leg for a few days, redness develops.

Due to the elevated temperature inside the foot, it becomes hot to the touch. To replace reddening with time comes blue.

With arterial thrombosisa symptomatic pattern is formedat an even faster pace. Literally in a few hours the skin below the knee becomes cold.

Violated blood circulation and the leg takes a white tint. Without seeking qualified help within the next five hours, the patient will face tissue death.

Self-medication will not bring any results, so if you have any signs of thrombosis, you should go to the hospital.

Obliterating atherosclerosis

Another reason, because of which the leg will be whining from the knee to the foot, may be obliterating atherosclerosis.Problems of the cardiovascular systemproduce not only swelling below the knee and postthrombophlebitis syndrome, but also obliterating pain.

With this form of atherosclerosis, the main course of blood is broken along the vessels and arteries. The narrowing of the internal lumen of the blood flow is caused by cholesterol plaques. These processes can cause intermittent claudication and severe pain below the knee to the foot.

The pain syndrome increases with long walks.

If you do not take care of the treatment, then in the future on the legs can be formed trophic ulcers. The skin in the region of the shin will permanently dry and peel off.

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Confirm the diagnosis with a biochemical blood test, which will show the current level of cholesterol. The disease is most often affected by people with diabetes and high blood pressure, a significant role is played by heredity.

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Without timely medical care, the patient risks remaining without a limb due to complications such as gangrene and necrosis.

Polyneuropathy

One of the reasonspainful sensations in the region of the lower leg and footis polyneuropathy. There is a similar disease as a complication of type 2 diabetes.

People who abuse alcohol also suffer from peripheral nerve endings. Toxins formed during the breakdown of alcohol products, disrupt the nutrition of the tissues of the lower extremities.

There is a whole group of symptoms:

• Dull, unremitting pain. Legs begin to hurt at night
• Decreased sensitivity of the legs
• Tingling, crawling feeling
• Feet grow numb and freeze
• Trophic change of skin. The hairline disappears, the skin pigments, dries.
• Weak muscle fibers, up to complete hypotrophy.

Lack of vitamins and trace elements

Unbalanced nutrition and enthusiasm for various dietsCreates a deficiency of nutrients in the body. There is a shortage of elements such as calcium, magnesium, potassium.

For this reason, the human shins can be sore and cramps in the calf muscles may appear. Lack of calcium often leads to night cramps.

That the shin has ceased to hurt, it is necessary to massage the problem zone and the spasm will abate.

Traumatization

It happens that after training in the gym or jogging the leg starts to hurt.Pain syndrome develops immediatelyafter graduation or after 8-10 hours.

Most likely, the cause of soreness is the stretching of the muscles. The pain covers the area below the knee, but can also be localized in the thigh.

Damaged muscles tense slightly and increase in size, with palpation, patients indicate unpleasant sensations. The region of the lower leg swells.

Mostly the gap develops in the zone of the tendon transition into the muscle. There are three degrees of muscle rupture: light, medium, heavy.

At the last degree, a complete detachment of the muscle fibers from the attachment site occurs.

Muscle ruptureIt is characteristic for episodes when the limb suddenly bends to the side different from the directed force.

This can happen with a sudden braking during running. At the same time, the leg suddenly begins to hurt in the place of the rupture, as if a direct blow were made on it.

As the size of the hematoma and edema increase, soreness will increase.

Exercise stress

Often feetbegin to ache due to professional working conditions, when a person is in an unchanged position. Sellers, machine operators, hairdressers are forced to stand on their straight legs all the time.

By the end of the day there is a heaviness in the lower extremities, the legs swell and begin to ache. The same physical load creates conditions for stagnant processes in the legs, especially below the knee, which makes the pain unbearable.

Diagnosis and treatment

To identify the true cause of pain, andto choose the necessary tactics of medical manipulations, modern diagnostic tests are needed. All of them are carried out after the patient has already been examined by a traumatologist and submitted the necessary tests.

Methods of diagnosis include:

• X-ray. Assign a foot injury when traumatizing, with suspicion of a tumor, to eliminate osteomyelitis and other joint diseases.
• Computer and magnetic resonance imaging. It detects damaged bone tissue. Contrasting is used for the analysis of soft tissues and blood vessels.
• Phlebography. With a contrast agent injected into the vein, an X-ray is taken. It makes it possible to diagnose venous thrombosis.
• Dopplerography. Ultrasonic method for the detection of vascular thrombosis.

Selection of treatment and recovery proceduresdirectly depend on for what reason the legs began to hurt. Depending on the nature of the pain and severity of the disease, the doctor prescribes either an outpatient or a stationary regimen.

Therapy of such diseases includes such methods as:

• Medication
• Physiotherapy
• Physiotherapy

There are complex cases where the only correct solution will be an operation.

A source: http://artrit.guru/nediagnostirovannye-boli/boli-v-kolenyah/bol-v-nogah-bolit-ot-kolena-do-stopy.html