Allergic obstructive bronchitis in children

Bronchitis in children: acute, obstructive bronchitis, symptoms, treatment

Bronchitis in children most often occurs in the form of complications against the background of acute respiratory viral infection, influenza or a severe cold, hypothermia. The provoking factors of bronchitis are seasonal sharp temperature changes, especially periods of rain with high humidity, so this disease usually occurs in the fall or spring.

In form, all bronchitis in children are divided into: Acute, Prolonged and Recurrent.

For reasons of occurrence, depends on the pathogen of inflammation and is divided into:

• Viral - influenza, adenoviruses, parainfluenza
• Bacterial - can be acute and obstructive (the causative agent is streptococcus, staphylococcus, moraxelly, hemophilic rod, as well as mycoplasma and chlamydia)
• Allergic, obstructive, asthmatic - arises from irritating chemical or physical factors, such as household chemicals, home dust (read about the symptoms of allergy to dust), animal hair, pollen of plants, etc.

Bronchitis in a child up to a year - symptoms and treatment

Children who are breastfed and who do not have contact with sick children and adults should not have any respiratory illnesses. However, if the child was born prematurely, has congenital malformations of the respiratory organs and other diseases, and also in the family there is children of preschool age who attend kindergartens and are often ill - the development of bronchitis in a child up to a year is possible for the following reasons:

• narrower than the adult, bronchi, a more dry and vulnerable mucosa of the respiratory tract
• existing congenital malformations
• after a viral or bacterial infection
• the presence of individual sensitivity to chemical and physical stimuli - an allergy to anything.

The most basic symptoms of developing bronchitis are a severe dry cough, paroxysmal, accompanied by difficulty breathing, shortness of breath. Gradually, the cough becomes moist, but mucus, sputum during bronchitis in a child up to a year makes it difficult breathing, the normal functioning of the lungs is disrupted, since the airways in infancy are narrow. Bronchitis in children up to a year and even up to 3-4 years is most often the following:

• Acute bronchitis simple
• Obstructive bronchitis
• Bronchiolitis

On acute and obstructive bronchitis, we will dwell in more detail below. And now consider the most common in children under one year oldbronchiolitis.

Bronchitis in children under one year of age - bronchiolitis

This bronchitis affects both small bronchi and bronchioles, develops more often against the background of acute respiratory viral infections, influenza viruses with the subsequent reproduction of pneumococci (and so on. streptococci). In case of inhalation of icy air or sharp concentrations of various gases, bronchiolitis can develop as an independent disease. The danger of such bronchitis is a pronounced bronchoobstructive syndrome with the development of sometimes even acute respiratory failure:

• Characteristic of dry cough attacks, pronounced dyspnea of ​​a mixed or expiratory form with syndromes of swelling of the wings of the nose, with the participation of ancillary muscles, retraction of intercostal spaces of the chest, pallor of the skin, cyanosis.
• The child has dry mouth, no tears when crying.
• The child eats less and drinks than usual, respectively, and his urination is more rare.
• Increased body temperature, but unlike pneumonia, it is less pronounced (see. whether it is necessary to bring down the temperature).
• Shortness of breath to 60-80 breaths per minute, while breathing is grunting, superficial.
• On both sides are heard diffuse wet ringing finely bubbling and crepitating rales.
• Symptoms of intoxication in bronchiolitis in children are not expressed.
• X-ray is determined by the sharp transparency of the lung tissue, the variegation of the pattern, the horizontal standing of the ribs, the absence of infiltrative changes in the lungs.
• If at first there was a simple bronchitis, the attachment of bronchiolitis after a while manifests a sharp deterioration general state of the child, cough becomes more painful and intense, with scant sputum.
• Children are usually very restless, moody, excited.
• The blood test can be slightly changed, a slight leukocytosis and an increase in ESR are possible.
• Usually bronchiolitis in children up to a year has a long course of up to 1-1.5 months.
• The causes of acute bronchiolitis in children are similar to the causes of development of obstructive bronchitis in children older than 2-4 years. The local immune system of the respiratory tract in children under 2 years is weak, protection against viruses is not enough, so they easily penetrate deep into bronchioles and small bronchi.

Treatment of bronchiolitis in children

At home, you can not cure bronchiolitis. When a bronchiolitis occurs, the infant is usually shown hospitalization, so that the child is under the supervision of doctors. In the hospital pediatricians, pulmonologists will establish an accurate diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment. What should my mom do before the ambulance arrives?

You can only alleviate the symptoms of colds - create optimally comfortable air in the room, turn on the humidifier, air purifier.

If there is no high temperature in the child, you can ease breathing with warming creams and ointments, spread them legs, calves. Only with this you need to be cautious if the child has not had any allergic manifestations before, then it helps a lot if a child allergic, warming ointments should be excluded.

To cough softer, you can do steam inhalation-above a boiling pot with a weak saline solution, hold the baby in her arms. Or sit him down at the table and cover with a towel over a cup of hot medical solution.

Try to force the baby to drink more to avoid dehydration, if the child refuses the breast or mixture, give the child just pure water.

In the hospital to relieve the signs of respiratory failure, the baby is given inhalations with bronchodilators and allowed to breathe oxygen. Also at the doctor's discretion, an antibiotic is selected - Sumamed, Macroben, Augmentin, Amoxiclav. It is possible to use various drugs with interferon. Necessarily prescribe antihistamines for the removal of edema at the site of inflammation and a possible allergic reaction to treatment. If symptoms of dehydration are observed, then the necessary rehydration therapy is performed.

Acute bronchitis in children - symptoms

Bronchitis in children is the most common form of respiratory tract disease. Acute bronchitis is an acute inflammation of the bronchial mucosa without symptoms of inflammation of the lung tissue. Simple bronchitis in children is 20% self-contained bacterial disease, 80% - either in the program of viruses (virus Coxsackie, adenovirus, influenza, parainfluenza) or as a bacterial complication after these viral infections.

Clinical symptoms of bronchitis in children are as follows:

First, the child has general weakness, malaise, headache, lack of appetite, then there is a dry cough or cough with phlegm, the intensity of which is rapidly increasing, when listening to dry dry or diffuse wet rales are determined. Sometimes there may be a barking cough in a child whose treatment is slightly different.

In the first 2 days, the temperature rises to 38 ° C, but with a light form, the temperature can be 37-37.2.

After 6-7 days, the dry cough becomes wet, the sputum discharge facilitates the child's condition and is a good sign that the body is coping with the infection and the virus.

On average, the duration of acute bronchitis in children is 7-21 days, but the nature of the disease, the severity of the inflammatory process depend on the child's age, the strength of his immune system, the presence of concomitant chronic and systemic diseases. In case of inadequate or untimely treatment, acute bronchitis can lead to addition - bronchiolitis, pneumonia.

Sometimes after the flu, for some time, the child's condition improves, and then a sharp deterioration, a rise in temperature, a rise in the cough - this is due to the weakening of the immune system in the fight against the virus and the attachment of a bacterial infection, in which case an antibiotic is indicated.

With mycoplasmal or adenoviral acute bronchitis in children, the symptoms of intoxication, such as high fever, headaches, chills, lack of appetite, can be about a week. Usually acute bronchitis is bilateral, however, with mycoplasma bronchitis it is most often one-sided, sometimes combined with conjunctivitis.

Acute bronchitis in children - treatment

Most often, the duration of acute bronchitis in children, whose treatment is correct and carried out on time, should not be more than 14 days, however, in infants, cough can persist for up to a month, as well as for older children with atypical-mycoplasma bronchitis. If suddenly the bronchitis in the child is delayed, it is necessary to exclude a number of diseases:

• aspiration of food
• pneumonia
• cystic fibrosis
• foreign body in bronchi
• tuberculosis infection

A pediatrician prescribes a full treatment package. In addition to implementing all the recommendations of the doctor, you should provide the child with special nutrition and quality care. It is desirable to create in the room the optimum humidity and purity, for this purpose it is convenient to use a humidifier and a cleaner air, often ventilate the room and conduct daily wet cleaning in the room in which the child is. And:

• Abundant drink

Ensure abundant reception of fluids in a warm form. To soften the cough, warm milk with butter or Borjomi mineral water helps, can be replaced with honey.

• Heat

With fever, the temperature just above 38C should take antipyretics - paracetamol in syrup.

• Antibiotics

Antibiotics for bronchitis in children, if recommended by a doctor, should be given strictly by the hour. If taking antibacterial drugs is necessary 3 times a day, this does not mean that you should drink from breakfast, lunch and dinner, which means, that their reception should be 24/3 = 8, every 8 hours, if 1 time per day, then give it only at the same time, for example at 9 o'clock in the morning. 11 rules - how to take antibiotics correctly.

• Cough medicine

With a dry cough, the child can be given antitussive medicines as prescribed by the doctor, and when it becomes wet to go on expectorants. With a dry cough, the means can be combined (Sinekod). If the cough is wet, then expectorants are shown - Mucaltin, Bromhexin, Gedelix, Alpine syrup, Thermopsis herb infusion or its dry extract, Bronchicum, Evcabal, Prospan, breastfeeds.

• Inhalation

Inhalation in bronchitis in children, the symptoms of which are very pronounced, are well helped by inhalation with the usual food soda, called over hot pots, inhalation of sodium bicarbonate using a nebulizer, inhaler.

• For babies

For small and infants who do not know how to clear themselves, doctors advise turning the child more often from one side to the other. In this case, sputum is shifted downward, irritating the bronchial wall, this leads to reflex cough.

• Distractions

For older children, cans, mustards, hot foot baths, they still help, and if the child has strong immunity, such procedures will help to avoid taking antibiotics. You can soar the baby's legs after 1 year, and also rub them with warming agents - turpentine ointments, Barsukor, Pulmaks baby, etc., but only in the case when there is no high temperature, after rubbing, you should warm your feet and wrap up your baby. However, in case of an allergic bronchitis in a child, neither the mustard nor the warming ointments can be used, since the composition of ointments and mustard can worsen the child's condition.

• Compresses

When bronchitis in children, the treatment is helped by compresses from warm oil. Warm sunflower oil to 40 ° C and moisten them with gauze folded several times. This compress should be imposed only on the right side and back of the baby, from above put a plastic bag and a layer of cotton wool, bandage the child around several times. Dress warm clothes, do this procedure for the night, if there is no temperature in the child.

• Folk remedies

Old folk way - radish juice with honey, cabbage juice, turnip juice - any of these juices should be given 1 teaspoon 4 times a day. You can give and cranberry juice, mixing it with honey in a ratio of 3/1, a tablespoon 3 times a day.

• Massage

The first week is well helped by chest massage, older children would be good at performing breathing exercises.

Physiotherapy with bronchitis

In children, these procedures are prescribed and conducted only at the physician's discretion, these are physiotherapy methods that promote the fastest recovery, since they have an anti-inflammatory effect, however, they can not be performed more than 2 times a year:

• Ultraviolet irradiation of the chest
• Mud, paraffin applications on the chest and between the shoulder blades
• Inductometry on the same areas
• Electrophoresis with calcium
• SOLLUX ON THE BREAST
• Aeronisation by the hydroionizer of the respiratory tract with solutions of chamomile, antibiotics.

Prevention of acute bronchitis in children:

Do not allow a prolonged runny nose in a child, timely treatment of any cold and infectious diseases will be the best preventative against penetration of the infection into the lower respiratory tract.

Walking in the fresh air in the park, playing at the cottage, physical exercise in nature, tempering, daily the intake of natural vitamins in fruits and vegetables, and not in tablets is the way to your child's health.

Obstructive bronchitis in children - symptoms

In young children, usually up to 3-4 years of acute bronchitis may be accompanied by an obstructive syndrome - this is an acute obstructive bronchitis. In children, the symptoms of such bronchitis begin more often after viral infections or allergic manifestations on the stimulus.

The main symptoms of obstructive bronchitis:

• Harsh, audible long breath with whistling
• Coughing with attacks, before vomiting, debilitating
• During inhalation, the intercostal spaces are drawn in and chest is swollen with breathing

When obstructive allergic bronchitis in children there is no temperature, it starts because of an allergic reaction to the strongest irritant for the child, and parents can often recall, that recently they bought something for the child - a feather pillow or a blanket made of wool of a camel or a sheep, houses were inhaled with paint from repair or went to visit, where there are cats.

In obstructive bronchitis in children, symptoms can begin on the 3rd-4th day of the flu or ARVI, and may also be caused by other bacteria, which is manifested in the appearance of expiratory dyspnea - an increase in the respiratory rate to 60 per minute, and there are also difficulties in inspiration.

The child begins wheezing, noisy breathing, especially a prolonged wheezing exhale, which is heard by persons near the baby. The thorax is as if swollen, that is, the ribs are horizontally arranged. Cough is dry, obtrusive, bouts, arises suddenly, it does not bring relief and intensifies at night.

If this disease develops not after ARI, then the temperature in the early days is not increased.
Headache, weakness and nausea, are very rare.

When listening there are dry wheezing in the lungs.

X-ray revealed increased transparency, increased pulmonary pattern, in the absence of infiltrative changes in the lungs.

The analysis of blood as a viral infection - lymphocytosis, leukopenia. accelerated ESR, if allergic bronchitis in a child, then eosinophilia.

Almost always obstructive bronchitis is associated with a virus or mycoplasmal infection, relapses of obstructive bronchitis in children most often spontaneously stop by 4 years.
If the bronchioles and small bronchi are affected, then this is an acute bronchiolitis.

Obstructive bronchitis in children differs from asthma attacks, in that obstruction develops slowly, and with asthma the child abruptly begins to suffocate. Although the first attacks of bronchial asthma in children also begin during ARVI. If the obstruction occurs several times a year, it is a signal that the child is at risk for developing bronchial asthma in the future.

Obstructive bronchitis in a child can be due to passive smoking, it can be distinguished by a strong cough with a whistle in the morning, while the child's condition is quite satisfactory. Obstruction with allergies occurs when contact with an allergen and recently it becomes a very frequent manifestation in children prone to allergies, these bronchitis are recurrent and are threatened by the development of bronchial asthma.

Allergic and obstructive bronchitis in children - treatment

Hospitalization

In obstructive bronchitis in children up to a year or 2 years, treatment should be performed in a hospital under the supervision of a pediatrician, in other cases at the discretion of the doctor and parents. Treatment is best done in a hospital if:

• In addition to obstruction in the child, the symptoms of intoxication are decreased appetite, fever, nausea, general weakness.
• Signs of respiratory failure. This is shortness of breath, when the frequency of breathing increases by 10% of the age norm, counting is better done at night, and not during games or crying. In children under 6 months, the respiration rate should not exceed 60 per minute, 6-12 months - 50 breaths, 1-5 years, 40 breaths. Acrocyanosis is a sign of respiratory failure, manifested by cyanotic nasolabial triangle, nails, that is, the body experiences oxygen deficiency.
• It is not uncommon for obstructive bronchitis in children to mask pneumonia, so if the doctor suspects pneumonia from hospitalization can not be denied.

Bronchodilators

Bronchiolithics extend the bronchi, so they are designed to relieve obstruction. To date, they are presented in various forms in the pharma industry:

• In the form of syrups (Salmeterol, Clenbuterol, Ascoril), which are convenient for young children, their disadvantage is the development of tremors and palpitations.
• In the form of solutions for inhalation (see. Berodual for inhalation) - this is the most convenient way for young children, diluting the drug solution fiz.rastvorom, inhalation 2-3 times a day, after the improvement, it is possible to use only at night. The multiplicity and dosage, as well as the course of treatment is determined only by the pediatrician.
• Inhalers-aerosols can be used only for older children (Berodual, Salbutamol).
• Such tableted forms of bronchodilators, like theophylline (Theopack, Euphyllin) are not indicated for the treatment of children with obstructive bronchitis, they have more pronounced side effects, are more toxic than local inhalation forms.

Spasmolytics

Can be used to reduce bronchial spasms. This is papaverine or Drotaverin, No-shpa. Their reception can be carried out with the help of an inhaler, orally in the form of tablets or intravenously in a hospital.

Means for coughing

To sputum better departed, various mucoregulatory drugs are used, they help dilute sputum and accelerate its excretion:

• These are preparations with active substance ambroksol (Lazolvan, Ambrobene). These drugs can not be taken for more than 10 days, it is most convenient to use them in the form of inhalations, as well as carbocisteine ​​preparations (Fluiditek, Bronhobos, Mukosol).
• After the cough became wet, the seizures became less intense, the sputum diluted, but it departs badly, ambroxol should be changed to expectorants means for coughing for children, which should be given no more than 5-10 days, including Gedelix, Bronchicum, Prospan, Bronhosan, Herbion (see p. herbion from dry and wet cough), Tussin, Bronchipret, breastfeeding , ,, .
• Codeine-containing drugs for children should not be taken if the child has a seizure-like compulsive cough, as directed the doctor can use Sinekod, Stoptusin Fito, Libexin (with caution in childhood), Bronhicum, Broncholitin.
• Erespal - promotes and removes obstruction, and reduces sputum production, and it also has anti-inflammatory activity, is applied from the first days of the disease, reduces the risk of complications, is contraindicated in children under 2 years old.

Draining massage

To facilitate the departure of sputum, parents can themselves do their child massage the collar zone, chest, back. Especially strong massage should be done for the muscles of the back along the spine. Useful for obstructive bronchitis in children postural massage - that is, efflorescence of the baby's back in the morning, it is necessary to suspend the child from the bed upside down (padding the pillow under his tummy) and tapping the palms folded in the boat for 10-15 minutes. For older children, with a massage, ask the child to take a deep breath, and on an exhalation, tap. Useful and additional exercises such as inflating balloons, blowing out candles.

Antihistamines

Antihistamines are prescribed to children in the presence of allergic reactions. Such medicines for allergies like Eryus in syrup can be taken to children from 1 year, with the half a year it is possible to use Claritin and Zirtek, from 2 years in syrups and drops Cetrin, Zodak, Parlazin (cf. list of medicines for allergies). Such antihistamines of the 1st generation as Suprastin and Tavegil are used less often, only for drying with abundant liquid sputum.

Allergy or virus

If the obstruction is caused by an allergy or a virus - antibiotics can not be used, and even dangerous (see. antibiotics for colds and orgs). The appointment of antibiotics is possible only with the proven infectious origin of bronchitis in children.

When antibiotics are indicated

Treatment of bronchial obstruction with antibiotics is not indicated, only if the child has a fever over 4 days, or has occurred the second temperature jump to 39C after 4-5 days after the onset of the disease, is accompanied by severe intoxication, a strong cough, if with adequate the child suddenly becomes apathetic, sluggish, refuses to eat, has weakness, nausea, headaches and even vomiting. In such cases, the use of antibiotics is justified. They are prescribed only by a pediatrician on the basis of a clinical picture, the presence of purulent sputum (indicating bacterial bronchitis), inflammatory changes in the analysis of blood, as well as with other signs of bacterial bronchitis or pneumonia (wheezing, x-ray signs).

Antiviral drugs

Most doctors recommend that for ARVI and flu, take antiviral drugs, for babies, candles Genferon, Viferon, and also in the form of drops Gripferon, Interferon, take syrups by Orvire (remantadine), and after three years of age tableted forms such as Kagocel and Arbidol, Cytovir 3. But it is worth remembering that if in a family history (close relatives) there are any autoimmune diseases (Sjogren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, diffuse toxic goiter, vitiligo, multiple sclerosis, pernicious anemia, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, myasthenia gravis, uveitis, Addison's disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis, scleroderma), it is impossible to take immunostimulants (Kagocel, Tsitovir, Amiksin), it can cause a debut of an autoimmune disease in a child, perhaps not now, but later (see. more antiviral drugs for orvi).

Hormonal therapy

Hormonal drugs, such as Pulcicort, are indicated only in severe or moderate-onset obstructive bronchitis (usually with the help of a nebulizer), they quickly stop obstruction and inflammation, they are prescribed only by a doctor.

What not to do

When obstructive bronchitis in children - treatment by rubbing and smearing the body of the child with various warming ointments (ointment Dr. Mom, ointments with medicinal plants, essential oils), the use of mustard plasters is unacceptable, since they cause an even more allergic reaction and bronchospasm, especially in children under 3 years old. Also categorically it is impossible to carry out inhalations with bronchitis with various medicinal herbs and essential oils. It is only possible to use such folk remedies for warming up - heat compresses with potatoes, salt, buckwheat.

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapeutic procedures in the acute period are contraindicated, when the obstruction is already stopped, it is possible to perform UHF, electrophoresis or laser.

Hypoallergenic diet and plentiful drink

Any natural drinks - mineral water with milk, tea, broth of a dogrose, it is necessary to drink to the child as often as possible. The diet should be hypoallergenic, but at the same time maximally vitaminized, high in protein and fat content. Exclude from the diet of the child anything that can cause an allergic reaction:

• citrus, red and orange fruit
• purchased spices, sweets, milk cheeses, yoghurts, carbonated drinks, sausages and sausages - everything that contains dyes, flavors, preservatives and flavor enhancers
• honey and other beekeeping products
• fish, grown on fish farms, broiler chickens, as they are stuffed with hormones and antibiotics, which causes allergies.

When caring for a child, you should daily aerate, moisten the room where the child is. It's hot in the apartment should not be, it's better to have a cool, fresh, clean air. After the recovery of the child should be put on a dispensary record with an allergist.

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Allergic bronchitis

Inflammation of the bronchial mucosa - bronchitis - can be caused by a wide range of causes. If the bronchi inflame from exposure to their mucosa of various allergens, a response occurs: the nerve endings of the bronchi are irritated, the blood vessels expand, and the muscles contract. And in the end we get a cough, which is calledallergic bronchitis(as well as asthmatic or atopic bronchitis). It is a protracted disease with frequent relapses.

By the way, despite all the achievements, to date cure a person from allergies, which is peculiar (according to opinion of allergists, inadequate) the response of the immune system to an external stimulus, medicine is not able to. So far, it can only detect this irritant, and also facilitate the course of the disease.

So without an allergist here can not do, because only he can conduct an immunological study and determine which particular stimulus was the cause of the disease.

Causes of allergic bronchitis

The allergy is so many that in some it manifests itself in the form of sneezing and a runny nose (seasonal allergic rhinitis) during the flowering of plants, others have slept eyes, for example, from a detergent powder (allergic conjunctivitis). Skin rash (urticaria and atopic dermatitis) can occur when you use a product or after using a cosmetic. There are also a lot of people who, without any cold or other obvious cause, get coughing attacks.

That is, the main cause of allergic bronchitis - allergens, which with inhaled air enter the human body and settle on the bronchial mucosa. In the list of "inveterate" allergens, plants (their pollen) and wool (primarily pets), and bird feathers, detergents, and even ordinary dust in a city apartment also appear. Specialists say that to provoke an allergic bronchitis is capable of a separate product, a medicine or an allergen of bacterial etiology.

In any case, allergic bronchitis in adults is not the result of a cold, but an allergic reaction. However, physicians refer to this disease as one of the variants of the chronic form of bronchial inflammation, since the main symptoms of these diseases are absolutely identical.

If timely resort to the help of doctors, it is possible to avoid the progression of allergic bronchitis, which the lack of adequate treatment will inevitably pass into allergic obstructive bronchitis or bronchial asthma.

Symptoms of allergic bronchitis

The most indicative sign of allergic bronchitis is attacks of persistent coughing, most of the nighttime person is pestering. The temperature of the body does not rise, but if it rises, it is insignificant. But the general condition is painful, and can worsen with the next contact with the allergen.

At the very beginning of the disease, cough is dry, over time it becomes wet, breathing becomes difficult, dyspnea appears. When listening to the bronchi, doctors clearly hear wheezing - dry, wet or wheezing. But if they are audible during bronchial asthma during exhalation, then allergic bronchitis gives such a picture on inspiration. In addition, the inflammatory process of allergic origin (swelling of bronchial mucosa and narrowing of their mouths) occurs only in large and medium bronchi, so there are no asthma attacks that are characteristic of asthma.

However, against the background of the main symptoms of allergic bronchitis, there may sometimes be signs of vasomotor rhinosinusopathy - discharge from the nose due to changes in the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses caused by allergens. Also possible inflammation of the trachea (tracheitis) or inflammation of the mucous membranes of the larynx (laryngitis).

The condition worsens when allergic bronchitis worsens: patients feel a general weakness, at normal temperature begins to throw in sweat. In the lumen of the bronchi, slime accumulates, so when mucous sputum appears, coughing occurs. The laboratory analysis of blood shows the presence of characteristic for allergic diseases of eosinophilia, that is, an increase in the number of granulocyte leukocytes in the blood. And when examining with an X-ray reveals a higher transparency of the lung tissue and some changes in the blood vessels of the bronchi.

Allergic bronchitis in children is at any age - even in infants - and manifests itself in much the same way as in adults: attacks of continuous cough at night at normal or subfebrile temperature, repeated several times a month. Often with such a disease the child becomes capricious, sluggish, often sweats. Acute allergic bronchitis in children can last for two to three weeks.

Physicians categorically state: in order to avoid asthma in the future, parents of children who are allergic bronchitis, you need to treat this disease very seriously and be sure to treat it. And we should start with identifying the allergen that caused the disease.

Allergic obstructive bronchitis

Progressive diffuse (diffuse) inflammation of the bronchi caused by prolonged negative effects of the allergen is an allergic obstructive bronchitis. With this disease, the bronchial narrowing (obstruction) occurs, as a result of which breathing and the yield of mucus accumulating in the bronchi are hampered. The main sign of such bronchitis is bronchial spasms, which give breath and rales.

The development of acute allergic obstructive bronchitis in adults at the initial stages may have the form of catarrh of the upper respiratory tract. However, the sore throat dry cough does not pass from pills and potions, coughing attacks increase at night, breathe becomes more difficult, and breathing itself is accompanied by a characteristic whistle during a shortened expiration. The temperature is low (within + 37.5 ° C), there are headaches. If the disease passes into a chronic form, it is fraught with the irreversible nature of its course with frequent relapses. In addition, against the background of shortness of breath, heart failure develops.

Allergic obstructive bronchitis in children is most often diagnosed at an early age - up to five years, when the anatomical structure of the bronchial tree is not developed enough, and the body can give an allergic reaction to anything from food stuffed with preservatives to a mold on the walls. At night, the child is coughing with violent coughs, but can not clear his throat (there is practically no sputum). But if any expectorant is used, the cough is accompanied by the separation of a large amount of thick sputum. There may be complaints of fatigue, headache and chest pain during and after coughing.

Treatment of allergic bronchitis: the main medications

Treatment of allergic bronchitis must necessarily include the definition of disease-provoking allergen and maximum limitation of contact with it.

Medicamental therapeutic agents should, on the one hand, reduce the intensity of the allergic reaction, and these are antihistamines. On the other hand, it is necessary to reduce cough and to facilitate breathing, for which expectorants and bronchodilators are prescribed.

Reduce the manifestation of allergies such drugs as suprastin, diazolin and tavegil. The most well-known and frequently used drug of suprastin (tablets and 2% solution for injections) is prescribed to adults and children over 14 years of age, one tablet (25 mg) 3 times a day, and intramuscular injection - 1-2 ml. Children under 14 years are prescribed 0.5 tablets (in grated form) three times a day. The daily dose should not exceed 100 mg. Side effects of suprastin are expressed in weakness, lethargy and dizziness. Among the contraindications - a stomach ulcer, glaucoma, prostate adenoma, an attack of bronchial asthma. During pregnancy and lactation, it is strictly contraindicated to take suprastin.

Antihistamine drug tavegil is available in the form of a solution for injection, syrup and tablets, its effect after intake reaches a maximum after 7 hours and persists for 10-12 hours. It is not prescribed for children under one year, pregnant and lactating women, with lower respiratory tract diseases, prostate cancer, thyrotoxicosis, heart failure and high blood pressure.

The drug is taken 1 mg twice a day (before meals). The dose of tavegil syrup for children from one year to 6 years is one teaspoon. Side effects of Tavegil: increased fatigue and drowsiness, headache and dizziness, impaired coordination movements, cramps, tinnitus, and dry mouth, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation.

For the treatment of allergic bronchitis, doctors must prescribe expectorants - pertussin, broncholitin (on a tablespoon 4 times a day), bromhexine (on a tablet 3 times a day), mucaltin (2 tablets three times a day), thoracic cough and so on. Also widely used bronchodilators, which relax the smooth muscles of the bronchi and promote their expansion. This is neo-theoferdin, atrovent, ketotifen (zaditen), kromolin-sodium (intal), kromoglin (cromosol), cromogexal (lecroline).

For example, neo-theoferdin affects bronchial muscles, reduces the increased vascular permeability and swelling of bronchial mucosa. In addition, this bronchodilator has an analgesic and antipyretic effect. It is taken in the morning or in the afternoon: adults - half or a whole tablet twice a day, children 2-5 years - a quarterly tablet, children 6-12 years - half a tablet once a day. Contraindications of neo-theophedrine: thyroid disease, violation of the coronary circulation, epilepsy, convulsions, glaucoma. And side effects can be in the form of heartburn, nausea, vomiting, headache, sleep disturbance, and heart rhythm.

Among bronchodilators in aerosol form, which reduce the frequency of coughing attacks in allergic bronchitis and bronchial asthma, such agents as salbutamol, terbutaline, fenoterol and hexaprenaline are used.

The drug volmaks (as well as its synonyms: aloprol, albuterol, asmadil, bronhovaleas, ventolin, salamol, salbutol, ekovent) contributes to the elimination of constriction of the bronchi and restores their patency. Adults appoint him to 8 mg 2 times a day (with a glass of water), and children from 3 to 12 years - 4 mg. The drug has side effects: tremor of hands, headaches, tachycardia, peripheral dilatation of the lumen of blood vessels. And among its contraindications: the first half of pregnancy, hypersensitivity to the drug, thyrotoxicosis.

If the therapeutic effect of the above medicines is not effective enough, the attending physician may prescribe a course glucocorticoids: beclomethasone dipropionate (becotide), flunisolide (ingacorta), budesonide or fluticasone. So, the aerosol for inhalation of fluticasone (aka avami, kutiveyt, nazarel, fliksotid and fliksonase) acts as an anti-inflammatory and antiallergic agent. It is not prescribed for children under four years of age, and the local adverse reaction of the body to inhalation can manifest itself in the form of hoarseness of voice and development of candidiasis of the oral cavity and pharynx. It should also be borne in mind that it is impossible to take glucocorticoids for a long time, since they are capable of activating the inflammatory process

Treatment of allergic bronchitis includes such a modern method as specific immunotherapy (SIT), or allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT), or specific desensitization - which is essentially the same thing. With its help, allergists can affect the undesirable reaction of immunity to an external stimulus (of course, if they determine it). SIT is aimed at the immunological nature of allergic bronchitis, that is, it eliminates the symptoms of the disease, and its cause - by reducing the sensitivity of the organism to the allergen.

Treatment of allergic bronchitis with folk remedies

Folk remedies for the treatment of allergic bronchitis are essentially directed at the main symptom of the disease - cough. To extract phlegm from the bronchi, prepare the infusion from the root of licorice (2 tablespoons), the same number of flowers of marigold and dill seeds (1 tablespoon). A mixture of medicinal plants is poured with a liter of boiling water, cook for 15 minutes, and then insist. Take before meals by half a cup three times a day for two weeks. Similarly, a medicinal decoction from the roots of licorice, leaves of mother-and-stepmother and plantain is prepared and applied.

With bronchitis with strong wheezing and shortness of breath, it is useful to drink a decoction of berries with watermelon (per liter of water a glass of berries of viburnum and 3 tablespoons honey) or infusion of such composition: 2 tablespoons of althea root, camomile chamomile and herb clover (or violet tri-color). On a glass of boiling water you need to take 2 tablespoons of this mixture, insist on a water bath for 20-30 minutes. Take 1 tablespoon several times a day.

With a dry cough, sputum extract from a thyme (a small pinch of grass to a glass of boiling water) helps to separate the sputum, which is drunk 50 ml three times a day. As an expectorant is also indispensable and herb oregano (a tablespoon 3 times a day), but pregnant women oregano is contraindicated.

In the treatment of allergic bronchitis folk remedies use honey and aloe. It is necessary to take a glass of liquid honey, well-crushed leaves of aloe and quality Cahors. All mixed, heated (preferably in a water bath) and put for a week in a cool place (not in the refrigerator) - insist. Drink three times a day on a tablespoon - for half an hour before a meal.

Prevention of allergic bronchitis

In both adults and children, the prevention of allergic bronchitis is the elimination of irritants and the treatment of respiratory pathologies. To exclude contact with allergens, you must:

• at least twice a week to conduct a wet cleaning in a residential building and change the bed linen of the patient weekly;
• from the room where a member of the family, suffering from allergic bronchitis, to remove carpets, upholstered furniture and all plants, and from the children's room - soft toys;
• to exclude access to the patient's living quarters (or completely refuse to keep in the house) dogs, cats, hamster or parrot, and also get rid of other "our smaller brothers", such as cockroaches;
• Allergy-causing foods are completely excluded from the patient's menu.

The most important method of preventionallergic bronchitisand the threat of its transformation into bronchial asthma in children - the normal sanitary and hygienic conditions of their life, as well as the timely detection and correct diagnosis of this disease.

ilive.com.ua

Obstructive bronchitis in children

Obstructive bronchitis in childhood is a fairly common disease of the respiratory tract and is a rather dangerous condition when the lungs are swelling, stools melt and ventilation is disturbed.

Obstructive bronchitis in children: causes

There are several reasons for judging the presence of obstructive bronchitis in a child:

• pathology of bronchial development in the intrauterine period;
• frequent incidence of bronchitis by the child, which were not fully cured in time;
• decreased immunity;
• pathology of pregnancy and maternity: fetal hypoxia, the presence of birth injuries, early infections, or the birth of a premature newborn.

Acute obstructive bronchitis in children: symptoms

The acute form of bronchitis has a number of symptoms:

• increase in the body temperature of the child;
• increased fatigue;
• cough with sputum;
• The pediatrician can determine the presence of wheezing in the lungs.

Obstructive bronchitis in an infant

The greatest danger is obstructive bronchitis in its development in an infant under the age of one year. Since the child is still small enough, a limited range of medicines is used to treat respiratory diseases, which can have a slower therapeutic effect.

If the child has a high body temperature for a long time (above 38 degrees), cough continues, the child is less active, then in such In case of need of hospitalization of the baby with the purpose of carrying out of treatment by antibiotics by their intravenous and intramuscular introduction.

Recurrent obstructive bronchitis in children

If a child has bronchitis more than three times during a calendar year, then a relapsing form of obstructive bronchitis is indicated. The most common in children under five years. Treatment lasting: from 3 to 6 months with the use of ketotifen, beclometh, becotide.

Chronic obstructive bronchitis in children

If a child often has obstructive bronchitis, then in this case they talk about his chronic form. With this form of bronchitis, it is important to continue treatment with antibiotics, but it is necessary to do this by courses in order to avoid getting used to the drugs, which can reduce the effectiveness of treatment. It is advisable to give the child immune medications to increase the body's resistance to viruses and infections.

For improved separation of sputum, parents can use a special massage in the form of tapping on the back of the child.

Allergic obstructive bronchitis in children

If the child is extremely sensitive to different types of allergens (pollen of flowers, dust, smell of detergents), then the appearance allergic form of bronchitis, as a result of which the child is marked by excessive inflammation of the bronchial mucosa.

Obstructive bronchitis: treatment

When choosing the optimal course of treatment, it is necessary to sow sputum for an accurate determination of the sensitivity to various types of antibiotics, which are prescribed often enough for bronchitis. Since antibiotics have a strong curative effect, you need to be completely confident in the effectiveness of their use, since despite its effectiveness, most drugs have a number of adverse reactions that are undesirable in childhood.

The doctor additionally appoints mucolytic drugs: kodelak, erespal, lazolvan, gedelix. If the tablets do not have a positive dynamics in the treatment of obstructive bronchitis, then in this case it is advisable to take a course of injections. Most often this

do in a hospital in the infectious department.

To prevent the emergence of dysbiosis as a complication after bronchitis, it is important to give the child as much as possible sour-milk products containing useful bifidobacteria.

It is possible to conduct special respiratory gymnastics with a child to reduce the risk of complications.

It should be remembered that in no case should one engage in self-medication, since bronchitis has the property of passing into severe forms of pneumonia. A child under three years of age needs mandatory hospitalization, whereas an older child can be treated at home with careful monitoring by a pediatrician.

WomanAdvice.ru

Obstructive bronchitis in children: symptoms and treatment

If obstructive bronchitis is diagnosed in children, treatment should be comprehensive. Bronchitis is a very common pathology of the respiratory system among children and adults. Most often, obstructive bronchitis is diagnosed in preschool children (from 1 to 6 years). In the absence of adequate treatment, inflammation and blockage of the bronchi can cause respiratory failure. What are the etiology, clinic and treatment of this disease?

Characteristics of obstructive bronchitis

Obstructive bronchitis is the inflammation of the bronchial mucosa of various etiologies (bacterial, viral, allergic), in which the permeability of the respiratory tube is impaired. The main cause of obstruction is the accumulation of large amounts of sputum. Often, bronchitis manifests itself bronchospastic syndrome, against which the bronchus clearance diminishes. Against the background of external and internal factors in bronchi, the following changes occur:

• inflammation;
• edema;
• disruption of the ciliated epithelium of the bronchial mucosa and its partial death;
• change in the composition of the secretion of bronchi and increase its viscosity;
• stasis of secretion;
• violation of ventilation.

There are 2 forms of the disease: acute and recurrent. In the latter case there is a repeated development of the disease on the background of pathology of the respiratory tract with influenza, ARVI.

Etiological factors

Bronchitis in a child occurs for various reasons. Most often it is a complication of other diseases. At the same time, inflammation of the upper parts of the respiratory system is first observed, then the inflammatory process spreads downward, reaching the bronchi and even lung tissue.

The causes of obstructive bronchitis in children:

• viral diseases (influenza, ARVI, adenovirus infection);
• respiratory mycoplasmosis and chlamydia;
• the presence of parasitic diseases (helminthiases);
• aspiration if swallowing is impaired;
• abnormalities of the esophagus;
• gastroesophageal reflux disease;
• malformations of the organ;
• intrauterine pathology (fetal hypoxia, trauma);
• premature delivery;
• penetration of foreign objects into the bronchi;
• allergic reactions.

Bronchitis in a child is caused by the following bacteria: staphylococci, pneumococcus, protheus, hemophilic rod, Klebsiella. Viral bronchitis occurs more often. Most often bronchitis develops in children:

• often ill with viral diseases;
• attending preschool institutions and schools;
• having a genetic predisposition;
• suffering from allergies;
• with reduced immunity.

Risk factors for the development of obstructive bronchitis: smoking, living in an environmentally unfavorable territory, enzyme deficiency, contact with various toxic substances (salts of heavy metals, silicon).

Clinical manifestations

The main clinical manifestation of this disease is bronchoobstructive syndrome. It is characterized by the following symptoms:

• cough;
• difficulty breathing;
• periodic attacks of suffocation;
• wheezing.

The first symptoms of the disease appear after 2-3 days from the time of the defeat of the respiratory tract. At first, children complain about coughing and runny nose. Cough first dry, paroxysmal. Children become capricious, excitable. Body temperature may increase.

As the inflammatory process develops, the cough becomes productive. Sputum can be dense and difficult to expectorate. A typical sign of obstruction is wheezing. In young children, during coughing, cyanosis of the lips is possible. A similar symptom indicates respiratory failure.

In young children against a background of similar symptoms, sleep and appetite disorders may occur. Infants are likely to experience nausea and vomiting in the presence of a strong cough. Immediately after feeding, the frequency of regurgitation of food.

The main manifestations of obstructive bronchitis in infants:

• cry;
• persistent cough;
• wheezing, noisy breathing;
• fever;
• catarrhal phenomena (runny nose, redness of the throat).

In severe disease, there may be severe shortness of breath. It can arise at rest and under load. If the inflammation and obstruction of the bronchi is a consequence of an allergic reaction, the temperature remains within normal limits. Symptoms of the disease can disturb the patient a week. Then comes the improvement of the condition.In case of severe symptoms of intoxication and development of respiratory failure, the child must be hospitalized.Hospitalization is also required for infants (up to 1 year).

Diagnostic measures

Treatment of obstructive bronchitis in children is organized only after the final diagnosis is made.

Diagnostics assumes:

• general analysis of blood and urine;
• physical examination (percussion and listening to the lungs);
• questioning a sick child or his parents about how the disease developed and what preceded it;
• visual inspection;
• examination of the pharynx;
• measurement of body temperature;
• spirometry;
• X-ray examination.

A blood test can reveal a decrease in the number of leukocytes, an increase in lymphocytes, an acceleration of the ESR. In the case of an allergic nature of bronchitis, eosinophilia is observed. In the process of auscultation of the lungs, wheezing and hard breathing are detected. Differential diagnosis is performed with such diseases as bronchial asthma, laryngotracheitis, cystic fibrosis, bronchiolitis. In some cases, bronchial obstruction is observed with ascariasis or toxocariasis. To exclude this pathology, a feces analysis is required.

Treatment of bronchitis in children

If obstructive bronchitis in children is identified, treatment should primarily be aimed at improving the patency of the bronchi.

Treatment includes the use of drugs that dilute sputum, expectorants, antipyretics, bronchodilators, antispasmodics, copious drinking, physical therapy, compliance with bed rest and diet.

In the case of allergic bronchitis, antihistamines are prescribed (Claritin, Zirtek, Erius, Cetrin). They can be used in the form of drops or syrup. Tableted forms are used much less often.

To improve the patency of the bronchi bronchodilators are prescribed. These medications dilate the bronchi. For children it is preferable to use aerosols or syrups. For the expansion of bronchial tubes, such agents as "Salmeterol", "Ascoril", "Berodual", "Salbutamol" are used. When choosing a medicine, the age of the baby is taken into account. In the case of development of bronchospastic syndrome, "No-shpa" or "Papaverin" is used.

For liquefaction of sputum and its prompt expectoration, "Ambroben", "Lazolvan", "Mukosol", "Prospan", "Gedelix" are shown. Codeine-based antitussive medications are not recommended. In the case of pronounced paroxysmal dry cough, Stopptissin Fito and Sinekod may be used.

Antibiotics are rarely used to treat obstructive bronchitis. They are indicated in case of persistent fever and severe cough. They will be effective only with the bacterial form of bronchitis. Often in the treatment regimen for obstructive bronchitis in children include antiviral drugs. For small children it is advisable to use antiviral drugs in the form of suppositories ("Viferon", "Genferon"), syrup or drops ("Interferon", "Grippferon").

Other therapies

Treatment of obstructive bronchitis can be physiotherapy methods. Physiotherapy is indicated only after the obstruction is removed. In the case of severe disease, the doctor may prescribe glucocorticosteroids. To strengthen immunity, a child should often be in the fresh air, take vitamins, eat right. It is required to limit for a while close contact with other children in order to avoid relapse of the disease.

For a speedy recovery of the baby, parents should air the premises, keep clean. To sputum is better off, parents can do the child a massage. To small children it is not recommended to put mustard plasters and apply warming ointments. Thus, obstructive bronchitis in children is diagnosed very often. Treatment should be conducted only after the appointment of a doctor.

respiratoria.ru

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