Extensive stroke is a deadly disease. Every year more cases of brain damage are registered.
What is dangerous for this disease? How to provide first aid? What could be the consequences of a major stroke, how high are the chances of surviving and how to carry out rehabilitation? Let's understand!
Differences from other forms of
An extensive stroke is a brain damage. Unlike other forms, this kind of disease leads to more serious consequences, and the in many cases - even to the death of .
This has a large area of the brain, , including large blood vessels. If the left hemisphere is affected, a person does not formulate proposals and can not control the right side of the trunk. With more extensive damage to the brain, hearing and sight are affected.
Prevalence and development of
According to statistics, in Russia every year more than 400,000 patients are diagnosed with such a diagnosis, 35% of them die. Every year around the world, there are about 12 million people who have been affected by this disease.
Classification of
The disease is divided into three main types of : ischemic, hemorrhagic and trunk.
Ischemic
The extensive ischemic stroke of is more common than the rest of the , but its effects are much easier than other forms. It is caused by blockage of one or several large vessels of the brain. This kind can be caused by a thrombus and a plaque. In rare cases, the disease develops because of a sharp decline in blood pressure.
There are several types of ischemic stroke:
- lacunar infarction( cavities - lacunae in the brain);
- cardioembolic( partial occlusion of the artery);
- micro-occlusive( blood flow is disturbed);
- atherothrombic( blood flow disorder occurs due to a blood clot separating from the vessel wall);
- hemodynamic( occurs due to a sharp jump in blood pressure).
Hemorrhagic
In case of hemorrhagic stroke , the blood flows into the brain tissue of .An extensive stroke of the brain with a hemorrhage to the brain is much less common, but its consequences are much more dangerous. The following factors lead to it: very high blood pressure( the walls of large vessels burst), congenital malformations and aneurysms of the brain vessels, the consequences of hypertension or other diseases that lead to thinning of the walls of the vessels.
There are two types of hemorrhagic brain stroke:
- intracerebral( due to a sharp BP drop, more common in the elderly);
- subarachnoid hemorrhage( occurs due to ruptured arteries, this kind is dangerous for fat people).
The difference between ischemic and hemorrhagic forms, their symptoms and treatment is the following video:
The stem cell
With the stem type, not the entire brain suffers, but only its base, but it is where the main vital centers are located here: breathing, swallowing, palpitation, etc.
Causes of development and risk factors
The disease is dangerous for any age category( except for children), but its causes and risk factors vary slightly.
- Young people( under 40 years old) .At this age, hemorrhagic extensive stroke is more common. At risk are young people who abuse drugs and cigarettes.
- Middle-aged people( 40-60 years old) .Men aged 40-50 years are more likely to have this disease than women, but by the age of 60 the indicators are leveling off.
The whole point is that men in 40-50 years are subject to atherosclerosis 19% more than women. By the age of 60, this percentage is reduced to almost zero.
- Older people( over 60) .At this age the risk of occurrence is very great( it increases almost 18 times).In people over 60 years on the inner surface of the vessels formed plaques, which lead to blockage or rupture and subsequent bleeding.
Cardiac diseases lead to the formation of thrombi. In the elderly, blood pressure may be high for a long time, which eventually leads to rupture of the vessels.
Symptoms of
Symptoms of the disease are noticeable even for those people who are unfamiliar with medicine:
- loss of ability to formulate simple sentences( if you ask a person to say a phrase, he can not do it);
- violation of the symmetry of the face( the first thing that catches your eye - a wry smile);
- strong weakness in the hand or leg( when walking, one leg will drag, and if a person lifts his hands up, one of them will be lower);
- of the person disturb very strong headaches;
- the consciousness is broken, the patient can fall into a coma;
- the perception is broken: the person who was struck by this disease does not understand speech and can not read the text;
- coordination is violated( the gait becomes "drunk").
First aid
Stroke almost in all cases develops rapidly and suddenly. He can hit a person at any time and anywhere, so everyone should know how to properly provide first aid:
- Gently lay the victim on a hard surface and call an ambulance.
- If a person tears, turn his head sideways.
- Unfasten the collar, remove the necktie and release the neck for breathing.
- Open the window: the victim needs fresh air.
- Do not give the patient any food, water and any medication.
- Rinse and massage the paralyzed arm or leg.
Diagnostics
There are diseases, the symptoms of which are very similar to an extensive stroke, so the diagnosis is simply necessary. The main examination, which should be done in the first place, is a CT scan. It is with the help of her doctor finds a lesion and determines the type of extensive stroke( hemorrhagic, ischemic or trunk).
After computer tomography, the patient will be assigned ultrasound of the brain, EEG and blood tests ( general and biochemical blood test).
Tactics of treatment
Very it is important to begin treatment in the first three hours of after the development of the disease, since in this case the chances of recovery significantly increase. The patient is hospitalized, examines, ascertain the type of stroke and proceeds to treatment.
First of all, physicians restore blood flow to using drugs that destroy blood clots, reduce the temperature of the body( if it is increased) and normalizes blood pressure .Be sure to check the blood sugar level.
In case of ischemic extensive stroke, a preparation called Alteplase is used to destroy thrombus . This agent effectively restores blood flow, however it has contraindications:
- after development of the disease has passed more than three hours;
- during the development of the disease there was a hemorrhage into the brain cavity;
- the age of the patient is greater than 80 or less than 18 years;
- systolic blood pressure exceeds 165 mm Hg. Art.
For intravenous fluids, physiological saline is used, to which the necessary preparations are added. Other solutions can not be used, because stroke is a great risk of developing cerebral edema, for its prevention, the patient is prescribed furosemide, magnesia or mannitol.
In order to prevent the development of severe infections, the patient is prescribed antibiotics .To restore the work of nerve cells will help neurotrophins : Cortexin and Cerebrolysin. Thanks to them, the functioning of the affected limbs can be almost completely restored.
If the stroke was caused by rupture of the vessel and severe bleeding, is very likely to prompt , as the blood must be removed. In the process of treatment in a hospital, the functions of damaged body systems are restored.
Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation after treatment for an extensive stroke can last for many years. During the recovery period, the patient must observe the following points:
- taking medications that reduce the risk of re-development of the disease;
- adherence to a special diet( from the menu completely exclude products that contain cholesterol: mayonnaise and various sauces, eggs, meat of fatty varieties, caviar, sweet and spicy dishes, nutrition suitable for cerebral atherosclerosis);
- physiotherapy( swimming, training in special simulators, therapeutic gymnastics), psychotherapy and regular sessions with a speech therapist( these measures are aimed at restoring speech and motor functions, and a psychiatrist will help improve thinking).
Prognosis of Survival
Can I survive a major stroke? Survival among people with whom he developed is small.
The person who survived this disease becomes disabled .In his behavior there are global changes: he may not recognize relatives, does not understand the purpose of some things he knows, often speech and concentration of attention are disrupted. Many patients are not able to fully move, one side of the body most often remains paralyzed.
People who have suffered a stroke become irritable, a bit inhibited, their memory deteriorates noticeably. Often, patients suffer from depression of .Together with the violation of speech, the visual function suffers, strabismus develops.
Relapse prevention and prevention measures
In order to reduce the risk of developing an extensive stroke, the should adhere to the following preventive measures:
- monitor blood pressure: carry a home blood pressure monitor - if blood pressure is constantly rising, consult a doctor;
- watch your diet, exclude from the menu harmful products;
- more walk in the fresh air, perform simple physical exercises;
- do not be nervous, avoid stress;
- watch your body weight: obesity leads to thrombosis.
Extensive stroke is a very dangerous and insidious disease. It is important to help in the first three hours after the onset of , since it is in this case that the chance of recovery increases. Watch your health and go to hospital for any discomfort.
