Osteopenia and osteoporosis: difference, treatment, diet

The difference between osteopenia and osteoporosis

And for that, and for other pathology is characterized by a change in the structure of bone tissue.

What is the difference between osteopenia and osteoporosis? What signs and symptoms are characteristic for each pathology? Are there any features of their treatment? We will answer these and many other questions most fully.

Osteopenia is a condition in which a bone loses its mineral density.

The change in structure and mass makes bones more vulnerable to excessive loads, the risk of fractures increases with minor mechanical influences, a symptom that is characteristic of osteoporosis.

Simply put, in the case of osteopenia, the risk of bone fracture increases in a person, and in the case of osteoporosis, a fracture can occur even from a mild stroke.

Thus, the main difference of pathologies is that osteopenia is the initial stage of destruction of bone tissue, which without proper treatment will develop into such a serious disease as osteoporosis.

The most vulnerable in osteopenia and osteoporosis in places of the skeleton are:

• vertebrae (with a fall on the side or back);
• Shoulders and forearms (falling on the exposed hand);
• tibia;
• the neck of the thigh.

It is not possible to demonstrate the difference between osteopenia and osteoporosis with the help of symptomatology.

Pathologies have approximately similar manifestations, with most oftenosteopenia is detected already when the first compression fracture occurred, the prerequisites for which, it seems, was not.

Or a violation of the structure of bone tissue is detected on the X-ray, which was made for the diagnosis of very different problems.

An experienced therapist who proactively observes the patient for many years (for Russia, this situation still remains from the field of fantasy), may indicate the first symptoms of bone problems:

• a decrease in growth (due to a reduction in the height of the vertebrae) and a violation of posture;
• difficulties with the implementation of the usual actions, during which the person wants, say, sit or get out of the chair;
• pallor of the skin and absence of sunburn (a person stopped to be in the open air);
• fingers of hands became similar to "wax ones".

Painful symptoms are especially pronounced in the mornings, but during the day, they can be intensified due to excessive physical exertion. Aggravation of the condition usually lasts for up to a week.

The reasons why bone tissue changes the structure in both pathologies are similar:

• poor heredity;
• bad habits and sedentary lifestyle;
• endocrine diseases;
• chronic bone diseases;
• long-term use of a number of medications (cytostatics, glucocorticoids, antibiotics, including tetracycline group).

The risk group includes:

• women after the age of 40;
• aged people;
• people with high growth (women - more than 173 cm, men - more than 183 cm);
• people with underweight (anorexic);
• patients suffering from intolerance to a number of products, including dairy products.

In women after 35 years, the probability of fractures is higher, since the physiological density of their bones is initially lower than that of men.

To osteopenia can also result in:

• hormonal failures, including after menopause or in the presence of diabetes mellitus;
• excessive use of alcohol and coffee;
• living in regions with a lack of sunlight, in which the body receives less vitamin D;
• prolonged artificial feeding, including after organ transplants.

Diseases that can provoke osteopenia:

• diseases of the digestive system, accompanied by a violation of the assimilation of mineral substances;
• pathology of blood vessels and circulatory system with violation of the transport functions of nutrients;
• allergies;
• systemic pathology of connective tissue;
• failures in the kidneys and liver.

A typical patient with osteopenia is a woman over 45, of a small stature with excess weight, transferred to an operation to remove internal organs, eating improperly, as she lives alone.

Unfortunately, not always the roentgen helps to reveal which pathology destroys the patient's bones - border state of osteopenia with its high risk of fractures, or osteoporosis.

If relatively recently the medicine had to be content with x-ray studies, thenToday, densitometry or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is used.

The results of densitometry are two indicators - Z and T.

• Z is the theoretical difference between the patient's bone tissue and the norm that is characteristic of a person with a similar physiology (age, body weight, height);
• T is a practical indicator of the correspondence between the density of the patient's bones and the norm.

At the norm of T, minus one. When osteopenia - from minus 1 to minus,. With osteoporosis - more negative,.

In addition, it is used:

• biochemical diagnosis, which allows you to record deviations from the norm of calcium metabolism and the level of activity of hormones;
• to exclude myeloma (blood disease belonging to the leukemia group), a biopsy specimen (bone tissue sample from biopsy) of the ilium is being performed.

Without proper treatment, osteopenia will sooner or later develop into osteoporosis, in which fractures can occur from any awkward movement.

Osteopenia (and, of course, osteoporosis) is especially terrible in old age, when the chances of getting a fracture of the neck of the hip multiply increase. This trauma is almost a death sentence. A person confined to bed most often dies of congestive pneumonia.

During the development of osteopenia, neuralgic pathologies arise when a person tries to limit mobility and because of pain present,and because his body simply can not move in the usual rhythm.

Multiple fractures of the ribs cause one of the varieties of pathology - steroid (postmenopausal) osteoporosis.

To successfully combat osteopenia and osteoporosis, the structure of the bones should be monitored, supplying the body with the required amount;

• phosphorus;
• calcium;
• vitamins D, A, C, E, K;
• magnesium;
• silicon;
• manganese;
• boron;
• fluorine;
• zinc;
• copper.

The need for an organism in each of the substances is determined as a result of laboratory tests.

Replenish the lack of vitamins and minerals can be as a diet adjustment with the mandatory inclusion in it sour milk products, and the intake of vitamin-mineral complexes, which are coordinated with the treating doctor.

If we talk about drug treatment, the emphasis is on eliminating the cause that causes osteopenia.For example, if the absorption of nutrients from food is impaired, then the digestive function is restored.

If there is a real threat of the transition of osteopenia to osteoporosis, then hormonal drugs and medicines of the group of biophosphonates are prescribed.

These drugs have serious pressure on the body and often lead to complications, so their reception is monitored daily by a doctor, for which the patient is referred for inpatient treatment.

Analyzing the causes of osteopenia and osteoporosis, the differences are only in the degree of destruction of bone tissue, it is easy to remember the preventive measures:

• regular, healthy and balanced nutrition with mandatory consumption of products containing calcium;
• moderate exposure to sunlight to obtain a light tan;
• regular physical activities taking into account age and opportunities - these can be work at the dacha or hobbies such as dancing, fitness, tourism;
• rejection of bad habits;
• regular check-ups at a medical facility.

If you do not start osteopenia, then you will not be able to get acquainted with osteoporosis. Do not be afraid to "disturb" the doctor with your visit, because after starting a timely treatment, you can quickly restore the structure of bone tissue and avoid major fractures.

A source: https://medeok.ru/osteoporoz/raznica-mezhdu-osteopeniey-i-osteoporozom

What is the difference between osteoporosis and osteopenia?

Osteopenia and osteoporosis, the difference between which is the degree of severity of pathological changes, are diseases characterized by a decrease in bone tissue density.

The main differences are that the first is a background pathological condition, and the second is a full-fledged disease. In osteopenia, there is a tendency to pathological fractures, with osteoporosis the probability of their appearance increases many times.

Clinical pictures of these diseases are similar, but the first one usually does not have severe symptoms.

Difference in the causes

Against the background of age-related changes, bone tissues begin to thin out and lose their former strength. The process of formation of new osteocytes slows down by the age of 30.

And destruction, on the contrary, is accelerating. Minerals are washed away, bone mass is declining, its structure undergoes significant changes.

Even small loads can lead to fractures.

The density of bone tissue in women is initially lower than that of men. The early onset of menopause increases the risk of developing osteopenia and osteoporosis.

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However, this does not mean that these diseases can not be detected in men. They also need to regularly undergo examination and measure bone densities.

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Symptoms of osteopenia can occur with a decrease in the amount of testosterone.

This disease can develop for the following reasons:

• poor heredity;
• hormonal disorders;
• the presence of bad habits;
• deficiency of calcium and vitamin D;
• long-term maintenance of a sedentary lifestyle.

Often reducing the density of bone tissue contributes:

• radiation and chemotherapy;
• oncological diseases;
• dysfunction of the digestive system.

To the development of osteoporosis most often results in a decrease in the level of female hormones, observed during the menopause.

The severity of pathological changes largely depends on the patient's age.

That's why doctors recommend densitometry for women over 65 who have low body weight and bad habits.

Difference in symptoms

Signs of osteopenia are rarely observed in the early stages of the disease, which can not be said about osteoporosis.

In some cases, even fractures occur in a latent form. Pain syndrome and swelling are absent, the mobility of the affected area is preserved.

The patient does not consult a doctor for a long time, and the treatment does not start on time.

Osteoporosis differs in that it helps to squeeze the vertebrae, change the posture and reduce the growth of the diseased. There are signs of scoliosis.

Fractures lead to the appearance of severe pain syndrome, the intensity of which increases with sudden movements, lifting weights, sneezing and coughing.

Pathological processes in bone tissues become chronic, which is associated with the use of compensatory muscle capabilities.

Osteopenia can not be detected by X-ray examination. Expressed pathological changes in the bones appear only at the stage of osteoporosis, when the bones lose more than 30% of their mass. There are more accurate methods for detecting signs of demineralization.

Differences in the methods of treatment

Unlike osteoporosis, osteopenia does not require the use of serious therapeutic techniques. The measures taken are aimed at stopping the demineralization of bones.

Treatment of osteopenia almost always improves the condition of the musculoskeletal system. Most forms of osteoporosis are considered incurable.

Proper nutrition is the main principle of treating osteopenia. The diet should include foods rich in vitamins and minerals.

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In no case should you refuse meat and dairy products, fish, vegetables and fruits.

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In osteopenia, the bones can still withstand the usual stresses, with osteoporosis even minor effects can provoke fractures.

This should be taken into account when selecting exercises designed to restore the functions of the musculoskeletal system.

Especially dangerous osteoporosis is in terms of trauma to the spine and neck of the thigh.

Osteopenia in young people often develops against a background of dysfunction of the thyroid gland.

Therefore, for its treatment, drugs that correct the level of thyroid hormones are used. In osteoporosis, substitution therapy has a slightly different character.

Female hormones contained in the preparations, contribute to slowing down the process of bone destruction.

A source: https://OrtoCure.ru/kosti-i-sustavy/osteoporoz/otlichie-ot-osteopenii.html

What is osteopenia and how to treat it?

The quality of a person's life largely depends on the condition of his musculoskeletal system, whose health is determined by the strength of the bone tissue.

Decrease in bone density leads to itsweakening, which can lead to a fracture. The beginning of this process is usually called osteopenia.

With its development and the absence of appropriate treatment, the pathological condition becomes osteoporosis.

What is osteopenia

Osteopenia is a condition where bone tissue loses its mineral density.

The loss of bone mass and structure makes it vulnerable to strain and strain, increasing the risk of fracture with a relatively weak external effect.

The diagnosis of osteopenia means that bone mineral density has becomebelow the norm, and there is a great risk that with time (with a loss of more than 5% of bone mass), osteoporosis may develop.

Causes of the disease

Thinning of bone tissue is considered a natural process that begins after a person reaches 30 years of age. But the development of pathology in adult men and women can go much faster if the following factors are present:

• Hereditary predisposition;
• Old age;
• Bad habits;
• Chronic inflammation (rheumatoid arthritis);
• The use of certain types of medications - corticosteroids and antispasmodics;
• Failures of the hormonal system;
• Lack of calcium;
• Hypertension, weakening both muscular and bone tissue;
• A sharp loss of body weight;
• Incorrect diet and diet;
• Exposure to radiation.

In children, the development of osteopenia is possible with a congenital genetic abnormality or corresponding adverse heredity.

But most often pathology is a consequencelack of vitamin Dduring the period of artificial feeding of the child.

Osteopenia is diagnosed at half deeppremature infants, since most of the calcium the body receives in the last trimester of pregnancy.

Symptoms, signs and types

Osteopeniadoes not impersonatecertain symptoms like late stages of osteoporosis, and people are unaware of the developing disease.

Even the cracks do not cause pain until the bone is damaged. Appeal to the doctor at the will of the patient occurs only after a similar case, and only then the doctor chooses the appropriate treatment.

Until then, pathology can develop for several years.

If you detect external signs of active aging of the body, loss of skin elasticity, and nails hardness, you need to understand that bone tissue also has something to lose. These signs should be a signal of the reference to the doctor, while the unequivocal symptom did not become fracture.

Although osteopenia is asymptomatic, pathology in most cases is detected in people withfollowing features:

• Old age;
• Women over 55;
• Admission of glucocorticosteroids;
• Smoking and drinking alcohol;
• Slimness;
• Insufficient mobility;
• Deficiency of calcium and vitamin D.

The process of loss of bone density affectswhole skeleton, but there are the most susceptible departments, according to which osteopenia is usually divided into two types:

1. Hip osteopenia.Characterized by the loss of bone density of the neck of the hip, resulting in a fracture, in some cases, resulting in fatalities;
2. Vertebral osteopenia, affects the lumbar region. In most cases, it is caused by lung disease, internal organ transplantation, the use of anticonvulsants and immunosuppressants, and prolonged starvation.

Diagnostics

Diagnostic measures in case of suspicion of osteopenia resolvethe following tasks:

1. Establishment of the presence of a state of low bone density andrevealingpossible complications in the form of fractures;
2. Definitionthe level of metabolism in the bones with the help of markers showing the level of bone resorption and the rate of calcium metabolism;
3. Definitioncausespathology using differential diagnosis.

Diagnosis of osteopenia is carried out using the following methods:

• Densitometry(one- and two-photon). It is carried out with the help of a radioisotope inserted into the bone tissue, which is distributed along the tissue in proportion to its density. This determines the bulk density of bone (g / cm3);
• X-ray absorptiometry, measures the density of the bone site (g / cm3).Dual Energyits variety measures this indicator for bones of the axial skeleton (lumbar and hip part), peripheral areas.Single-energydetermines the density in a certain area, usually the distal forearm. The radiation power for this study is small, and does not require a special room for this;
• Quantitative Comp. tomography- determines the bulk density (g / cm3) of the bone tissue of the vertebrae of the lumbar region;
• Ultrasound densitometry. Determines the state of bone tissue by the method of propagation in it of an ultrasonic wave.
• Data of densitometry and other methods for determining bone density are compared with the resultsblood and urine testson the maintenance of markers for the exchange of bone tissues, including phosphorus-calcium metabolism.

Osteopenia, like the first stages of osteoporosis, can not be determined by fluoroscopy, since the method is effective only after 30% of bone loss, and densitometry is able to detect a loss, starting with 2-5%.

Treatment

The main goal of therapeutic measures for osteopenia iscessation of developmentdisease.

The degree of development of pathology does not include the use of special medications.

Strengthening of bone tissue is achieved by avoiding harmful habits and harmful food, high motor activity, proper diet, intake of calcium and vitamin D.

1. Calcium preparations:
   • Calcemin - from 260 to 730 rubles;
   • Calcium D3 Nycomed - from 210 to 660 rubles;
   • Complicant calcium D3 - from 135 to 390 rubles;
   • Vitrum of calcium - from 260 to 350 rubles;
   • Natekal - from 320 to 390 rubles.
2. Preparations with vitamin D:
   • Akvadetrim - from 190 to 230 rubles;
   • Ostalon Calcium-D - from 760 to 820 rubles;
   • Alpha D3-Teva - from 315 to 660 rubles;
   • Oxidevit - from 300 to 340 rubles;
   • Osteotriol - from 640 to 770 rubles.

Folk methods

In addition to the doctor's instructions, many people are thinking about how to treat osteopeniafolk remedies.

Here it is worth mentioning that herbal decoctions contribute to a betterassimilation of microelementsand the normalization of the hormonal balance, but can not replace drugs.

The following recipes can be used both for the treatment of pathology and for prevention:

• Herbal collection of sleep-grass, woodmaid and chernobylnik in the ratio 2 is poured hot (70 ° C) water and infused for an hour. Do not strain the infusion used on a quarter cup before eating. The course of admission is 1-3 months;
• Harvesting the field field, the root of the dandelion, the intangibles, St. John's wort is poured with boiled water (a tablespoon of the mixture into a glass of water), after a one-hour infusion, is drunk during the day;
• Grass morbid goiter and cones alder in the amount of 1 table. the spoon of the mixture is poured, l. warm boiled water. After infusion for 2 hours, drink a glass after eating. At the same time, seafood and seaweed dishes are added to food;
• Infusion from the root of the comfrey, berries of the sabernik, alfalfa, zopnik, buds, is prepared by adding 1 dessert spoon of the mixture to, l. warm boiled water. After insisting for 2 hours drunk a day;
• Infusion of sporrows, geraniums and horsetail. It is prepared by adding 1 table. spoons to 1 liter. warm water. It is taken half the glass after eating.

To what doctor to address?

If you suspect osteopenia, you should contact the following doctors:

• Endocrinologist, which after the delivery of tests can determine the hormonal imbalance associated with a decrease in bone density;
• Orthopedist, which after the densitometry will establish the diagnosis of the disease.

Diet for osteopenia

Diet iskey momentin the treatment and prevention of osteopenia, since the presence of a sufficient amount of calcium and its good digestibility can stop the development of pathology, and in the future lead to a complete cure.

For this every day, vegetables, greens, fruits, and dairy products should be consumed. Increases bone densitymagnesium, contained in cereals, legumes and vegetables.

The diet itself should beas diverse as possible, including all the necessary elements of nutrition, but at the same time balanced by the ratio of the main components of the products - fat proteins and carbohydrates.

But do not abuse salt and additives containing caffeine, as they contribute to the washing away of calcium from the body.

What can never be done with osteopenia?

After the diagnosis of osteopenia in the life of a person, certain restrictions are introduced until the moment of recovery, so as not to cause a worsening of the pathology, and also to avoid getting an injury associated with a decrease in the strength of the bones. For thisNot recommended:

• Lifting weights;
• Walk in uncomfortable shoes;
• To engage in physical work associated with a heavy load on the joints;
• To get involved in products with a high content of oxalic acid (sorrel, rhubarb, tomatoes), as it promotes the washing out of calcium;
• Drink alcohol, coffee and smoke;
• To lead a sedentary lifestyle.

The state of osteopenia, characterized by an initial stage of bone mineral density loss, is dangerously asymptomatic, and often occurs after osteoporosis has come.

To avoid this, you need to adhere to the basic preventive measures: to lead an active lifestyle, eat right and completely abandon bad habits.

After the onset of the 40-year-old age, it is desirable to undergo periodic diagnosis, since from this period the development of the disease is most likely.

We recommend that you read the table of calcium content in products:

Nutrition FoodCalcium (mg)

Milk pasteurized (,%%%) Sour cream 20% fat content	120
Kefir fatty	86
Kefir low-fat	126
Curd fatty	150
Cottage cheese 5% fat content	164
Yoghurt ( 6%)	124
Milk condensed with sugar	304
Dutch cheese, Russian cheese	1000
Cheese of Kostroma	900
Brynza from cow's milk	530
Processed cheese	760
Ice cream plombir	159
Sprats in oil (canned)	300
Bream in tomato sauce (canned)	424
Pike perch in tomato sauce (canned)	507
Pink salmon in tomato sauce (canned)	340
Fresh fish - bream	25
Fresh fish - Atlantic herring	60
Fresh fish - pollock	40
Carrot	46
White cabbage	48
Parsley (herbs)	245
Salad leaves	77
Beet	37
Sesame	1474
Almond	273
Sunflower seeds	367
Halva tahini	824
Milk chocolate	199
Black currant black	36
Raspberries	40
Orange	34
Groats of oatmeal	64
Buckwheat	70
Rice	40
Beans	150
Bread, wheat	37
Rye bread	44
Apricots, dried	166
Raisins	80
Egg	55

How to forget about joint and spinal pain?

• Does pain limit your movements and full life?
• Are you worried about discomfort, crunching and systematic pain?
• Perhaps you have tried a bunch of medicines, creams and ointments?

A source: http://zdorovya-spine.ru/bolezni/osteoporoz/osteopeniya.html

Osteoporosis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Bones are a very important element of the human body, so you should always follow them carefully and seriously.

If you have problems, you should contact your doctor for help.

First of all, this concerns the fact that problems with bone tissue can represent the first symptoms of a dangerous disease - osteoporosis.

What is osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is a disease or a clinical syndrome, which is characterized by a decrease in the density of human bones. This process is characterized by a chronic character and progressive symptoms.

In view of the fact that metabolic functions are broken in the bone, its architectonics change, fragility appears.

Therefore, over time, human bones become more susceptible to various fractures, due to even small mechanical damage.

The main problem faced by patients with osteoporosis of people is the impossibility of performing even the simplest things, since this can lead to an instantaneous fracture. That is, it is far from necessary to hit or perform very hard work, you can just get up wrong, open the door or pick up a package with food.

Such a disease was known to mankind for many millennia. Osteoporosis was discovered during archaeological research even in the ancient Indians of the North American continent.

Similar symptoms were also found on some images of ancient Chinese and Greeks. These comprehensive studies of osteoporosis started in the 19th century with the works of Estley Cooper.

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After him, many other scientists tried to describe some of the symptoms and progression of the disease in patients, but the modern theory of osteoporosis appeared only in 1984.

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It was initiated by the famous Dr. William Albright.

Osteopenia and osteoporosis: the relationship and difference

Osteopenia and osteoporosis are related concepts that have much in common and some distinguishing features.

They are both characterized by the fact that the weight of bones in a person is reduced.

Distinguish these diseases only with the help of the method of densitometry - the study of the structure of bone tissue.

Depending on the result, the following problems can be identified:

1. Indices from SD to -1SD - osteopenia;
2. The indicator is lower SD - osteoporosis;

That is, it can be determined that the primary changes in bone mass are diagnosed as osteopenia, while significant changes indicate osteoporosis.

Types and causes

Types of osteoporosis are determined by a variety of factors, so there are several classifications. First of all, the disease is divided by its location, so it is common or local.

Specialists also divide osteoporosis by the time it occurs in humans. Therefore, there is an innate disease and acquired.

Specialists distinguish the following types of acquired osteoporosis, the factor of occurrence of which are different processes:

• Senile (senile) osteoporosis.In this case, senile osteoporosis is a broader concept that is associated not only with the presence of hormones. It can manifest itself, both in men and in women. Because the consequence of aging is a change in the internal structures of a variety of body organs, the human bones also suffer. It is this process, which consists in the general aging of the whole organism, and leads to the onset of the disease.

The senile appearance is often found in women with a frequency of 25%. In men, this type of osteoporosis occurs less often - in 10-15%. The most difficult consequence of the disease at this age is a fracture of the neck of the hip.

This is connected with the fact that in the old age, healing takes a long time.

Because of this, patients are aggravated by their chronic diseases, so in 30-40 cases, depending on care with conservative treatment a person may not last longer than 1 year after the fracture.

• Post-menopausal osteoporosis. The first type of disease (post-menopausal) is due to the fact that in women after about 60 years hormones are produced substantially in smaller amounts than before this age. That is, after the onset of menopause due to lack of hormones, there may be increased brittleness of the bones, which in some cases leads to frequent fractures.

The proportion of senile and postmenopausal forms accounts for more than 85% of all recorded cases.

This is connected with the fact that up to 25-30 years a person is gaining the greatest mass of their bones, after which they are gradually destroyed.

By the age of 75, the weight loss of various bones can be from a few percent to 50. In the first place, vertebrae suffer.

• Glucocorticoid osteoporosis. The next type of brittle bone is directly related to the patient's intake of glucocorticoids. They are hormones of the adrenal cortex, as well as some synthetic analogues of these substances.
• Secondary osteoporosis.If a person develops secondary osteoporosis, the reasons that led to this can be a great many. Hence the name of this type of disease has occurred, since it occurs second.

The reason may be:

1. Diabetes.
2. Malignant tumors.
3. Chronic kidney disease, which led to kidney failure.
4. Diseases of the lungs.
5. Thyrotoxicosis, which is an excessive production of hormones by the thyroid gland.
6. Hypothyroidism, characterized by insufficient formation of thyroid hormones.
7. Chronic hepatitis.
8. Primary hyperparathyroidism.

Osteoporosis in women

Such a disease as osteoporosis, is much more common in girls than in men. It is connected with a different hormonal background.

Since menopause occurs in women, the amount of the corresponding hormones decreases with time.

Menopause can be caused, both by aging of an organism, and by artificial processes.

Estrogen directly affects the formation and destruction of bone tissue. If it is normal, then these processes occur at approximately the same level.

If the level of estrogen falls, then the destruction of bone tissue predominates over its synthesis.

This is the reason why women are more prone to osteoporosis than men.

Osteoporosis in children

Increased fragility of bones in children is often determined closer to adolescence. But there are cases when osteoporosis affects newly born babies. This is due to various intrauterine pathologies and other factors:

• Prematurity of the fetus or its hypoxia.
• Hypotrophy.
• Multiple pregnancy.
• Failure to follow the correct way of life of the mother during pregnancy.
• Chronic diseases of the maternity organism, etc.

Symptomatology

Symptoms of osteoporosis can be completely absent for a long time. This period can take several years.

In other cases, some factors that characterize the disease manifest themselves, but neither the patient nor his attending physician pay attention to them.

This is connected with the fact that these symptoms can be signs of completely different diseases. Only in case of getting to the reception with a surgeon or orthopedist, they can assume the presence of osteoporosis in the patient.

The main symptoms of osteoporosis are as follows:

1. Cramped legs at night.
2. The appearance of a large amount of plaque on the teeth.
3. Periodontitis.
4. Pain syndrome in the lumbar region and in some areas of the bones.
5. Stratification of nail plates and obvious fragility of nails.
6. Formation of gray hair.
7. Hernias in the intervertebral department.
8. Problems of the digestive tract as a result of pressing the bent spine on them.
9. The onset of diabetes mellitus.
10. Allergic reactions.
11. Diseases of metabolic disorders of the body and metabolism.
12. Increased heart rate.

In addition to the above, there are a number of quite serious symptoms of osteoporosis, which necessarily always need to pay close attention:

• Frequent fractures of bones.
• The appearance of a sense of heaviness in the area between the shoulder blades.
• Sensation of muscle weakness.
• Decreased growth.
• Curvature of the spine, scoliosis.

If the first list of symptoms can accompany osteoporosis at the first stages of its development, then the second - on the latter. Often at the last stages, the disease can not be reversed, it can only be stopped and not allowed to progress further.

Medical treatment

For the treatment of brittle bones, three important types of drugs are used:

1. Effective on the metabolism inside the bone.
2. Inhibiting the process of bone destruction.
3. Stimulating synthesis of bone tissue formation.

The first variant of treatment includes preparations of calcium and vitamin D, flavone compounds (Osteohin) and Osseino-hydroxyapatite complex.

In order for bones to continue to deteriorate, doctors recommend the use of estrogens in the case menopause, calcitonins in case of thyroid problems, bios-phonants of different generations and preparations strontium.

In order to stimulate the synthesis of bone tissue, parathyroid hormone contained in Teriparatide, fluoride salts with senile type of osteoporosis and somatotropic hormone with certain contraindications.

Home treatment

Osteoporosis can be slightly adjusted at home. First of all, such treatment requires an appropriate diet.

To take calcium is not effective without simultaneous intake of vitamin D, it is best to be in the sun. First and foremost, this is necessary for young people, since in the old age this way the element is practically not absorbed.

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At home, you can also do some physical exercises and do massages. It is best to talk with the doctor beforehand, who will show the appropriate technique for their conduct.

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One way to increase the amount of raltsiya in the body is the use of the egg shell, which is infused with lemon juice. The problem with this option is that any pharmacy products give a much more effective result.

Diet

In case of osteoporosis, a corresponding therapeutic diet is prescribed, which must be adhered to to keep the disease at the level at which it was found. The main element that is necessary for the body, contained in the products, is Calcium.

Dietitians together with orthopedists recommend to exclude from their food the following types of products:

1. Cocoa products and coffee.
2. Drinks with gas that contain caffeine.
3. Alcohol.
4. Meat with high fat content.
5. Various sauces and mayonnaise.
6. Sugar and confectionery.
7. Fats of animal origin.

Caution should be taken to eating high protein. It is best to minimize the use of unrefined and melted oils.

A minimum of 2300 milligrams of sodium is needed per day, which can be obtained with ordinary kitchen salt.

In the rest it is necessary to adhere to the rational nutrition, which includes the use of various vitamins, micro- and macro elements. It is best that a diet is recommended by a professional nutritionist, who can take into account the presence of all problems of the body.

Prevention

For the implementation of preventive measures for the onset or progression of osteoporosis, it is best to consult with the attending physician.

Often they recommend adjusting habits, which includes getting rid of smoking and drinking alcohol, maintaining physical activity, staying in the sun and fresh air.

Particular attention should be paid to:

• Rational nutrition, including the use of products containing 1200-1500 mg of calcium per day.
• Maintain an appropriate level of vitamin D, which can be achieved by injections.
• Body mass index.
• A good night's sleep.

Regardless of the causes of the disease, osteoporosis should always be carefully treated and turned to highly qualified doctors for help.

Self-treatment can not always bring the desired result.

In addition, it should not consist of one method, but of a whole complex, which is compiled for each separately.

A source: http://prosustav.ru/arthropathy/osteoporoz/vse-ob-osteoporoze.html

Osteopenia or osteoporosis

Decrease in bone tissue density and its demineralization is a fundamentalcause of disabilityin the elderly.

The development of osteoporosis andosteopeniayears is asymptomatic, so most patients learn about the diagnosis after a complex fracture (most often the neck of the hip).

Densitometry as a method of early diagnosis can identify a predisposition to the disease and make timely a set of therapeutic and preventive measures to avoid serious consequences.

Bone mass loss: how it happens

The tissue of an adult's bone in youth is 60-70% composed of valuable minerals: calcium, magnesium, silicon and several dozens of macro meso- and microelements.

In childhood and adolescence there is an active build-up of bone mass, the processes of synthesis of new cells prevail over their destruction. In 25-30 years the mineralization reaches a maximum, and then the density of bones begins to decrease.

After 40 years, bone loss may be more than 1% per year - this leads to a significant loosening of the structure.

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Considering as a disease osteopenia, what it is and how it develops, it is necessary to understand the mechanism of bone remodeling. In the formation of bone tissue involved 3 types of cells:

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1. Osteocytes(mature rest cells) provide mineralization, participate in metabolic processes.
2. Osteoclasts(destructive cells) promote bone resorption, thus maintaining a constant process of tissue renewal.
3. Osteoblasts(cell-builders) synthesize bone proteins and intercellular substance for subsequent impregnation with calcium salts. Then they turn into osteocytes.

The process of bone tissue remodeling is continuous. The update cycle lasts 100-200 days and is repeated every 2-3 years.

But in the period of menopause and with other unfavorable factors, after each cycle there is a slight decrease in bone density.

In men, the loss of bone mass after 40 years is -2% per year, and in women - about 3% with acceleration after menopause.

Osteopenia. basic information

Many patients are unfamiliar with osteopenia: what is it and what is the difference between the disease and osteoporosis. Both diagnoses are made when a lower density of bone tissue is detected.

Densitometry is used for the study. The result is estimated by 2 indicators: T-score and Z-score (additional parameter). The unit of measurement is the SD standard deviation unit.

According to WHO recommendations, it is customary to decipher T-score as follows:

• if the deviation from the norm is below -1 SD, but above SD, then osteopenia is diagnosed;
• if the deviation is below SD, then osteoporosis is diagnosed;
• at a deviation below SD and presence of a fracture of the vertebrae or neck of the thigh, severe osteoporosis is diagnosed.

Causes of loss of bone density

Both diseases - osteoporosis andosteopenia- are caused mainly by a complex of factors, among which the most common are:

• Hormonal imbalance. Estrogens help to maintain a balance between the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and testosterone enhances protein synthesis. In case of violations in the endocrine system and especially during the menopause, a hormone deficiency occurs, which leads to a gradual loosening of the structure of the bones.
• Genetic predisposition.
• Fragile physique(light weight with low growth).
• Metabolic disorders.The deterioration of metabolic processes in the body prevents the absorption of minerals, the renewal of cells.
• Unbalanced nutrition.Often, when asked how to treat osteopenia, experienced doctors first of all recommend a review of eating habits and ensure sufficient supply of valuable macro- and microelements, vitamins.
• Sedentary lifestyle. Useful physical loads activate metabolic processes in all tissues, including bone.
• Intensive growth in adolescents.
• Frequent Pregnancyand prolonged lactation.
• Chemotherapy.
• The use of corticosteroids,anticonvulsants and some other medications.

Methods of treatment and prevention

Qualified doctors know,how to treat osteopeniaeffectively: comprehensively and with regular diagnostics. The treatment program includes:

1. Medicamentous therapy (bisphosphonates, calcitonins, hormonal drugs).
2. Physiotherapy.
3. Development of a balanced diet.
4. Recommendations for beneficial physical activity and lifestyle.

It is important to understand that the process of treating long-suffering is long-lasting, and the effect primarily depends on the patient's interest.

A source: http://xnd1acalbwfjufmd5o.xnp1ai/osteopeniya-ili-osteoporoz