Glucocorticoids: a list of drugs, effects of drugs

Glucocorticosteroids: what is it, list of drugs, indications and side effects

The human body is a complex, continuously functioning system capable of producing active substances for self-management of symptoms of diseases and protection from negative factors of external and internal environment environment. These active substances are called hormones and, in addition to the protective function, they also help regulate many processes in the body.

What is glucocorticosteroids Indications for taking glucocorticosteroids Classification of glucocorticoids List topical preparations-glucocorticosteroids Side effects of glucocorticosteroids Contraindications to admission glucocorticosteroids

What is glucocorticosteroids

Glucocorticosteroids (glucocorticoids) are hormones corticosteroids, produced by the adrenal cortex.

For the isolation of these steroid hormones, the organ of the pituitary gland, which produces a special substance - corticotropin, is responsible.

It is this that stimulates the adrenal cortex to release a large number of glucocorticoids.

Glucocorticosteroids have a very extensive effect on the body:

• have anti-stress and anti-shock effects;
• accelerate the activity of the mechanism of human adaptation;
• stimulate the production of blood cells in the bone marrow;
• increase the sensitivity of the myocardium and blood vessels, provoke an increase in blood pressure;
• increase the level of glucose in the blood and have a positive effect on gluconeogenesis, occurring in the liver. The organism can independently stop an attack of hypoglycemia, provoking the release of steroid hormones into the blood;
• increase anabolism of fats, accelerate the exchange of useful electrolytes in the body;
• have a powerful immunoregulatory effect;
• reduce the release of mediators of allergy, providing an antihistamine effect;
• have a powerful anti-inflammatory effect, reducing the activity of enzymes that cause destructive processes in cells and tissues. Suppression of inflammatory mediators leads to a decrease in the exchange of fluids between healthy and affected cells, as a result of which the inflammation does not expand and does not progress. In addition, SCS does not produce protein lipocortins from arachidonic acid - the catalysts of the inflammatory process;

All these abilities of steroid hormones of the adrenal cortex were discovered by scientists in the laboratory, thanks to which the successful introduction of glucocorticosteroids into the pharmacological field occurred. Later it was noted the antipruritic effect of hormones in external application.

The artificial addition of glucocorticoids to the human body by internal or external means helps the body to cope with more problems more quickly.

Important

Despite the high effectiveness and benefit of these hormones, modern pharmacological industries use exclusively their synthetic analogues, since the hormone-releasing hormone, used in its pure form, can provoke a large number of negative side effects.

Indications for taking glucocorticosteroids

Glucocorticosteroids are prescribed by doctors in cases where the body needs additional maintenance therapy.These drugs are rarely prescribed as monotherapy, they are mainly included in the complex treatment of a particular disease.

Most often indications for the use of synthetic hormones of glucocorticoids include the following states:

• allergic reactions of the body, including vasomotor rhinitis;
• asthma and pre-asthmatic conditions, obstructive bronchitis, sarcoidosis;
• skin inflammation of various etiologies. Glucocorticosteroids are used even with infectious skin lesions, in combination with drugs that can cope with the microorganism that provoked the disease;
• anemia of any origin, including traumatic anemia caused by blood loss;
• Rheumatic conditions, arthritis and other manifestations of connective tissue pathologies;
• a significant decrease in immunity due to internal pathologies;
• long-term recovery after organ transplants and tissues, blood transfusions. Steroid hormones of this type help the body to adapt quickly to foreign bodies and cells, significantly increasing tolerance;
• glucocorticosteroids are included in the recovery complex after chemotherapy and radiation therapy of oncology;
• adrenal insufficiency, reduced ability of their cortex to provoke a physiological amount of hormones and other endocrine diseases in acute and chronic stages;
• some diseases of the gastrointestinal tract: Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis;
• autoimmune diseases of the liver;
• edema of the brain;
• eye diseases: keratitis, corneal herpes simplex.

Important

Glucocorticosteroids should be taken only after the appointment of a doctor, because with improper admission and an inaccurately calculated dose, these drugs can quickly provoke dangerous side effects.

Synthetic steroid hormones can cause withdrawal syndrome- deterioration of the patient's state of health after discontinuation of medication, including glucocorticoid insufficiency.

To prevent this, the doctor calculates not only the therapeutic dose of drugs with glucocorticoids.

He also needs to build a treatment regimen with a gradual increase in the amount of drug substance for arresting the acute stage of pathology, and lowering the dose to the minimum after the transition of the peak disease.

Classification of glucocorticoids

The duration of action of glucocorticosteroids was measured by specialists artificially, according to the ability of a single dose of a specific medicinal agent to oppress adrenocorticotropic hormone, which is activated practically with all pathological states.This classification divides steroid hormones of this type into the following types:

1. Short-acting - suppress ACTH activity for a little more than a day (Cortisol, Hydrocortisone, Cortisone, Prednisolone, Metipred);
2. The average duration is about 2 days (Traimcinolone, Polcortolone);
3. Long-acting drugs - the effect lasts longer than 48 hours (Batmethasone, Dexamethasone).

In addition, there is a classical classification of drugs by the way they are introduced into the patient's body:

1. Oral (in tablets and capsules);
2. nasal drops and sprays;
3. inhalation forms of the drug (most often used by asthmatics);
4. ointments and creams for external use.

Depending on the condition of the body and the type of pathology, 1 and several forms of drugs containing glucocorticosteroids can be prescribed.

List of popular drugs-glucocorticosteroids

Among the many drugs containing glucocorticosteroids, doctors and pharmacologists several drugs of different groups are distinguished, characterized by high efficiency and low risk of provoking side effects:

• oral preparations: Budenofalk, Dexamethasone, Prednisolone, Berlikort;
• ampoules for injection: budesonide, dexamethasone, Plibecort;
• Inhalation drugs and solutions for inhalers: Budostere, Pulmicroth, Beklazone, Symbicort;
• Sprays for nasal application: Nozefrin, Budostere, Nazarel, Tafen Nazal, Sintaris;
• medicines for topical use in the therapy of inflammatory eye diseases and gynecological pathological conditions: Dexoftan, Cortineff, Rectodel;
• ointments and creams for external use: Acriderm, Lokoid, Sinaflan. In addition, there are a large number of ointments and gels, combining in their composition not only the hormonal component, but also an additional healing, skin-soothing substance: Acriderm GK and SK, Rederm, Diprosalik, Flukort, Fluorocort, Apoyoein and etc.

note

Depending on the condition of the patient and the stage of the development of the disease, the form of the drug, the doses and the duration of application are selected. The use of glucocorticosteroids necessarily occurs under the constant supervision of a doctor to monitor any changes in the patient's condition.

Side effects of glucocorticosteroids

Despite the fact that modern pharmacological centers are working to improve the safety of medicines means containing hormones, with high sensitivity of the patient's body, the following secondary effects:

When the first side effects occur, it is worthwhile to see a doctor to correct the course of treatment or replace the drug with a similar one, but do not have a negative effect on the body.

Contraindications to taking glucocorticosteroids

In the following clinical cases, the use of glucocorticosteroids is associated with a greater risk of deterioration or simply impossible:

In addition, it is important to remember about the occurrence of a risk of steroid resistance.That is why it is recommended to use glucocorticosteroids only under the supervision of the attending physician.

Kuznetsova Irina, pharmacist, medical reviewer

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A source: http://OkeyDoc.ru/glyukokortikosteroidy-chto-eto-takoe-pokazaniya-k-primeneniyu/

What is glucocorticosteroids, a list of preparations of glucocorticoids

Often an optimal solution to any problems a person finds in himself. Where, for example, does the body take the power to fight disease?

As shown by scientific research conducted in the middle of the 20th century, an important role in this matter belongs to the hormones glucocorticoids.

They are produced by the adrenal glands practically for all cells of the human body, and these hormones help to fight with various inflammatory processes.

Synthesized analogues of the hormone are now successfully used in medicine.

Glucocorticosteroids (SCS) - what is it in medicine

Glucocorticoids and glucocorticosteroids are one and the same, the words-synonyms, which designate the the adrenal cortex hormones, both natural and synthetic, are sometimes abbreviated for brevity GCS.

Together with mineralocorticoids, GCS constitute an extensive group of corticosteroids, but it is SCSs that are particularly in demand as medical drugs. About what kind of drugs - corticosteroids, you can read here.

They provide the doctor with great opportunities for the treatment of serious illnesses, "extinguish" inflammation foci, may enhance the effect of other medications, relieve swelling, and dull the sense of pain.

By artificially increasing the amount of GCS in the patient's body, physicians solve problems that previously seemed unrealizable.

Medical science has also achieved the fact that the GCS can now be applied "targeted" - to act solely on the problem area, without disturbing others, healthy.

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As a result of such topical application, the risk of side effects is reduced.

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The scope of glucocorticoid drugs is quite wide. These funds are used:

• with bronchial asthma (balloons with IGKS - inhaled glucocorticosteroids - always in the bag of asthmatics);
• with allergies;
• with anemia (the goal of treatment is an increase in the number of blood cells);
• with collagenoses - diseases of connective tissues, such as arthritis, rheumatism;
• when infected with tapeworms;
• with osteochondrosis;
• with gastrointestinal diseases;
• with vasomotor rhinitis;
• with various skin infections.

In addition, SCS is used to treat injuries (they have an effective anti-shock effect), and also to restore the body's functions after complicated operations, radiation and chemotherapy.

The GCS regimen takes into account the possible glucocorticoid cancellation syndrome, that is, the risk of deterioration of the patient's well-being after discontinuation of these medications.

The patient may even develop a so-called glucocorticoid insufficiency.

To prevent this, treatment with glucocorticoids should be completed smoothly, carefully reducing the dose of medication at the end of the treatment course.

Mechanism of action (effect on the body)

All the most important, systemic processes are under the influence of GCS on the cellular, including the genetic level.

It means thatTo work with medicinal preparations of this kind, only specialists, self-medication is strictly forbidden, because it can cause various kinds of complications.

The mechanism of action of glucocorticoids on the body has not yet been fully studied.

SCS, as it was possible to find out by scientists, is formed by the "command" of the pituitary: it releases into the blood a substance called "Corticotropin which sends its signal - about how much SCS should be given "on-mountain" adrenal glands.

Such hormones are produced for various reasons, their analysis helps physicians to identify abnormalities in the endocrine system, serious pathologies and select such medications (including GCS) and treatment methods that will be most effective in each specific of the situation.

Glucocorticoids affect the body immediately in several ways. One of the most important is their anti-inflammatory effect.

SCS can reduce the activity of enzymes, which destroy the tissues of the body, isolating the affected areas from healthy ones.

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SCS affects the cell membranes, making them more rough, and therefore difficult to metabolize, as a result of infection do not give a chance to spread throughout the body, putting it in a "tight frame".

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Among other ways to influence GCS on the human body:

• immunoregulatory effect - under different circumstances, the immunity slightly increases or, on the contrary, there is suppression of immunity (this property of the SCS is used by physicians during transplantation of tissues from donors);
• antiallergic;
• anti-shock - effectively, for example, with anaphylactic shock, when the drug should provide a lightning result to save the patient.

GCS can influence the production of insulin (this helps patients with hypoglycemia), accelerate the production in the body of a substance such as erythropoietin (with its participation in the blood increases the hemoglobin content), can raise blood pressure, affect the protein exchange.

When prescribing medications, doctors have to take into account many nuances, including the so-called Resorptive effect, when the drug after absorption enters the total blood flow, and already from there - in tissue. Many types of GCS allow the use of drugs more locally.

Unfortunately, not all of the "activity" of glucocorticoids is 100% useful to a person.

Excess SCS as a result of long-term use of the drug leads, for example, to the fact that the internal biochemistry changes - calcium is washed out, the bones become brittle, and osteoporosis develops.

Classification of glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids are distinguished by how long they work inside the body.

Short-acting drugs remain in the blood of the patient from two hours to half a day (examples - Hydrocortisone, Ciclesonide, mometasone). The instructions for the application of Hydrocortisone can be found here.

SCS of average action - up to one and a half day (Prednisolone, Methylprednisolone), long-acting - 36-52 hours (Dexamethasone, Beclomethasone).

There is a classification by the method of administration of the drug:

• through the mouth (oral route, the traditional form for taking medication orally - in tablets);
• nasal and intranasal (injected through the nose, these can be drops or spray);
• inhalation;
• topical (ointments, cream for external use).

Fluorinated glucocorticoids exert a particularly powerful effect on the patient's body. These funds also have their own classification.

Depending on the amount of fluorine contained in them, they are monofluorinated, di- and trifluorinated.

List of glucocorticoid preparations

The variety of medicines with the use of GCS allows physicians to choose the right form (tablets, cream, gel, ointment, inhaler, plaster, nasal drops) and the corresponding "Content" to get exactly the pharmacological effects that are necessary, and in no case aggravate the patient's condition by causing any side-effects in the body actions.

Pharmacology - the lot of specialists, only the doctor in all subtleties understands what effect the organism can have on this or that drug, when and by what scheme it is used.

As an example, we give the names of glucocorticoid preparations:

• for oral administration (oral) - Budenofalk, Dexamethasone, Cortisone, Apo-prednisone, Berlikort, Prednisolone;
• for injections - Celeston, Dexazon, Hydrocortisone, Urbazone, Triamcinolone, Tricort;
• for inhalations - Beklazon, Budesonide, Plibekort, Azmakort, Alvesko;
• intranasal means - Aldecin, Budostere, Nozefrin, Sintaris, Nazarel;
• preparations of "local significance" used in gynecology, ophthalmology - Dexofan, Rektodelt, Kortineff;
• for use externally (ointments, gels) - Afloderm, Acriderm, Apulein, Laticort, Lokoid, Uniderm, Sinaflan, Flukort. With instructions on the use of cream and ointment Lokoid can be found on the link.

Methods of treatment

Different types of treatment methods were developed with the help of GCS:

• substitutive - it is used if the adrenal glands can not independently produce the body's quantity of hormones;
• suppressive - for children with congenital abnormalities in the functioning of the adrenal cortex;
• pharmacodynamic (it includes intensive, limiting and long-term treatment) - in anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory therapy.

In each case, specific doses of the drug taken and the frequency of their use are provided.

So, alternating therapy assumes reception of glucocorticoids once in two days, pulse-therapy means operative introduction of not less than 1 g of a medicine for the urgent help to the patient.

Side effects of glucocorticoid hormones

What are the dangerous glucocorticoids for the body?They change its hormonal balance and sometimes cause the most unexpected reactions, especially if, for some reason, an overdose of the drug occurred.

The diseases provoked by GCS include, for example, hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex.

The fact that the use of a drug that helps the adrenal glands perform the prescribed functions, gives them the opportunity to "relax." If the drug is abruptly discontinued, the adrenal glands can no longer engage in full-fledged work.

What other troubles can wait after taking GCS? It:

• bleeding (because the circulatory system worked with a heavy load);
• eye diseases;
• problems with the skin (acne, drying out the skin after a long period of ointment, swelling on the face);
• cough, hoarseness (due to the long use of the inhaler);
• pain in the stomach;
• nausea;
• drowsiness;
• irritability;
• dizziness;
• swelling of the hands and feet.

If the danger is noticed on time, almost all the problems that arise can be successfully resolved. The main thing is not to aggravate them with self-medication, but to act solely in accordance with the doctor's recommendations.

Contraindications

The standards of treatment with glucocorticoids suggest only one absolute contraindication for the use of SCS once - it is an individual patient intolerance to the drug.

If treatment is required for a long time, the list of contraindications becomes wider.

These are diseases and conditions, such as:

• pregnancy;
• diabetes;
• diseases of the digestive tract, kidneys, liver;
• tuberculosis;
• syphilis;
• mental disorders.

Pediatric therapy with glucocorticoids is provided only in very rare cases.

A source: https://udermatologa.com/prep/kortik/chto-takoe-glyukokortikosteroidy-spisok-preparatov-glyukokortikoidov/

Glucocorticoid preparations - list

GlucocorticoidsIs a kind of hormones produced as a result of the adrenal cortex work.

One of the hormones is cortisone, which during the operation of the liver turns into another hormone - hydrocortisone (cortisol). Cortisol is the most famous and important hormone for the human body.

Medicines based on these hormones have been used since the 40s of the last century.

Types of synthetic hormones

To date, in addition to natural glucocorticoids, there are a number of drugs, the main ones on synthetic hormones, which are divided into two types:

• fluorinated (dexamethasone, betamethasone, etc.);
• non-fluorinated (prednisone, prednisolone).

They are characterized by higher efficacy when consuming a lower dose. In addition, fluorinated glucocorticoids have the lowest incidence of side effects.

The use of drugs-glucocorticoids

Preparations with the content of glucocorticoids, are used for a fairly large number of serious diseases, tk. have different effects on the body.

Frequent parameters for prescribing drugs of this group are:

• bronchial asthma;
• rheumatoid arthritis;
• leukemia;
• mononucleosis;
• skin diseases (dermatitis, eczema);
• anemia;
• pneumonia;
• allergic diseases;
• pancreatitis;
• hepatitis.

The mechanism of exposure is not fully understood, but the effect of the use of glucocorticoids can be anti-inflammatory, immunoregulating, anti-allergic, anti-shock. Preparations are issued in various forms:

• sprays;
• pills;
• lotions;
• ointments;
• fluid for injection and inhalation.

List of drugs-glucocorticoids

The list of such means is quite extensive. The most famous and effective are:

• Cortisone - participates in substitution therapy;
• Prednisolone - 4 times more effective than Hydrocortisone;
• Prednisone - is not recommended for problems with the liver;
• Methylprednisolone - suitable for the treatment of patients with obesity, mental disorders, ulcers;
• Triamcinolone - has a more prolated effect than prednisolone, with pronounced side effects from the muscles and skin;
• Dexamethasone is an effective preparation for short-term use;
• Betamethasone is the nearest drug to dexamethasone.

Side effects of glucocorticoids

Possessing a number of positive therapeutic properties, glucocorticoids have no less impressive side effects. That is why they are often appointed as short courses or used in especially difficult cases. Preparations of the group of glucocorticoids can cause the following undesirable reactions:

• osteoporosis, femoral head necrosis;
• fragility of bones;
• decreased skin turgor;
• appearance of streaks, thinning, hemorrhages;
• increase in body weight;
• violation of the psychoemotional state;
• diabetes;
• inhibition of puberty;
• disorders of the digestive tract (esophagitis, gastric and intestinal bleeding).
• ophthalmic diseases (glaucoma, cataract).

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A source: http://WomanAdvice.ru/preparaty-glyukokortikoidy-spisok

Glucocorticosteroids

Glucocorticosteroids are a group of preparations of synthetic or natural origin (analogues of endogenous hormones) belonging to the subclass of hormones of the adrenal cortex. It has antitoxic, anti-shock, immunosuppressive, desensitizing and anti-inflammatory actions.

List of drugs

The group of glucocorticosteroids includes many different substances, here are some of them:

• Alclomethasone (for example, the drug Afloderm);
• Beclomethasone dipropionate (Beklazone Eco, Aldecine, Beclodget, Clenil, etc.);
• Betamethasone (Beloderm, Belogent, Diprospan, Nasobek, Celeston, etc.);
• Budesonide (Pulmicort, Flumethasone, Seretid, etc.);
• Dexamethasone (Maxidex, Ambene, Polidex, Maxitrol, etc.);
• Hydrocortisone (Cortef, Oxycort, etc.);
• Methylprednisolone (Metipred, Advantan, etc.);
• Mometasone furoate (Nazonex, Momat, Elokom, etc.);
• Prednisolone (Dermozolone, Aurobin, etc.);
• Triamcinolone acetonide (Polcortolone, Kenalog, Fluorocort, etc.);
• Fluticasone propionate (Fliksotid, Fliksonase, etc.);
• Fluorocortolone (Ultraproject, etc.).

Glucocorticosteroids are divided into three groups: short, medium and long-acting.

The mechanism of action and properties

Glucocorticosteroids are chemically steroids.

In the animal and human body, the place of their formation is the adrenal cortex.

The biological significance of these substances lies in their ability to enhance the body's resistance to the influence of various stressors.

Glucocorticosteroids affect the processes of water, protein, mineral and carbohydrate metabolism in the body.

Created in artificial conditions, the drugs glucocorticosteroids act as powerful Anti-shock, antitoxic, immunosuppressive, desensitizing and anti-inflammatory facilities.

The mechanism of action of glucocorticosteroids is due to their ability to diffuse into the cytoplasm through cell membranes.

Hormones inhibit hyaluronidase and phospholipase A2, which are one of the main enzymes of inflammation.

Glucocorticosteroids stabilize cell membranes, thereby dulling the release from mast cells of biologically active substances such as thromboxane, leukotrienes and histamine. Preparations also significantly slow down the formation of anti-inflammatory cytokines from arachidonic acid.

The antitoxic and anti-shock effects of glucocorticosteroids are:

• increased blood pressure (the concentration of catecholamines circulating in the blood increases, the sensitivity of antidepressants to them is restored, the vessels are narrowed);
• reduction of vascular permeability;
• stimulation of liver enzymes that participate in the biotransformation of endo- and xenobiotics.

Glucocorticosteroids activate protein catabolism and liver gluconeogenesis, thereby producing release of amino acids (gluconeogenesis substrates) from peripheral tissues. As a result of these processes, hyperglycemia develops.

Glucocorticosteroids have an anabolic effect on protein metabolism in the liver and catabolic in muscles, bones, skin, lymphoid and adipose tissues.

Preparations of glucocorticosteroids strengthen the lipolytic effect of growth hormone and catecholamines, reduce the consumption and release of glucose by fat tissue.

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The excess of these hormones stimulates lipolysis in the limbs and lipogenesis - on the body and face, and also promotes an increase in the level of free fatty acids in the plasma.

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The biological effect of the use of glucocorticosteroids persists for a long time.

Indications for use

In the treatment of glucocorticosteroids, oral, intranasal, parenteral (inhalation and injection) formulations are used.

In the form of injections and pills, medications are prescribed in the following cases:

• Crohn's disease;
• Nonspecific ulcerative colitis;
• Interstitial lung diseases;
• Acute respiratory distress syndrome;
• Severe pneumonia;
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;
• Bronchial asthma;
• Subacute thyroiditis;
• Congenital dysfunction of the adrenal cortex;
• Acute adrenal insufficiency;
• Replacement therapy of secondary chronic and primary adrenal insufficiency.

Intranasal preparations of glucocorticosteroids are prescribed for vasomotor (idiopathic) rhinitis, non-allergic rhinitis, accompanied by eosinophilia, nasal polyposis, persistent (year-round) and intermittent (seasonal) allergic Remember.

High efficiency of inhaled glucocorticosteroids in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma was noted.

Contraindications

Contraindications to glucocorticosteroids are:

• Glaucoma;
• Diseases of the cornea, combined with disorders of the epithelium;
• Fungal or viral diseases of the eyes;
• Purulent infections;
• Vaccination period;
• Syphilis;
• Active form of tuberculosis;
• Herpes;
• Systemic mycosis;
• Mental diseases that have a productive symptomatology;
• Severe renal insufficiency;
• Arterial hypertension;
• Thromboembolism;
• The period of breastfeeding;
• Gastric and duodenal ulcers;
• Diabetes;
• Illness of Itenko-Cushing.

Contraindications to glucocorticosteroids in the intranasal form:

• Hypersensitivity;
• Hemorrhagic diathesis;
• Frequent nasal bleeding.

Side effects

When using glucocorticosteroids, there may be side effects from the body:

• Central nervous system: psychosis, depression, euphoria, insomnia, increased excitability;
• Cardiovascular system: thromboembolism, deep vein thrombosis, high blood pressure, myocardial dystrophy;
• The digestive system: fatty liver, pancreatitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, steroid ulcers of the intestine and stomach;
• Sense organs: glaucoma;
• Endocrine system: Cushing's syndrome, obesity, diabetes mellitus;
• Skin: alopecia, striae, thinning of the skin;
• Musculoskeletal system: muscle hypotrophy, myopathy, growth retardation (in children), osteoporosis;
• Reproductive system: hirsutism, disorders of sexual function and menstrual cycle.

Local side effects are also possible with inhaled and intranasal glucocorticosteroids.

Additional Information

During treatment with glucocorticosteroids, there is a more severe course of chicken pox and measles.

People who take immunosuppressive doses of the substance should not be given live vaccines.

In most cases, with prolonged use of oral and intranasal glucocorticosteroids, patients develop osteoporosis.

A source: http://zdorovi.net/preparaty/gljukokortikosteroid.html

Medications for relief of dangerous signs and suppression of allergic inflammation - corticosteroids: list of drugs and their use for allergies

In severe forms of allergic diseases, non-hormonal ointments and wound-healing agents, eye and nasal drops without strong components help not always. Low effectiveness of therapy leads to an increase in negative symptoms, worsening of the patient's condition, bright skin reactions, development of bronchospasm.

To stop dangerous signs, suppress allergic inflammation, doctors recommend corticosteroids.

The list of drugs for allergies, the characteristics of hormonal agents, the particular effects on the body, the rules of application, possible side effects are described in the article.

Strongly acting drugs are produced on the basis of synthetic components, reminiscent of the composition and action of hormones of the adrenal glands.

Synthetic COPs exhibit the same properties as natural hormones:

• suppress allergic inflammation;
• reduce the volume and area of ​​rashes;
• reduce the manifestations of allergies in rhinitis, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, bronchial asthma, itchy dermatoses, eczema;
• stop the effect of the components of medicines on which the patient has an acute immune response.

On a note!With a heavy reaction, corticosteroids give a good effect, but the maximum result is noticeable after 2-6 hours.

With severe bronchospasm, Epinephrine is simultaneously administered to immediately eliminate a dangerous phenomenon. When skin symptoms are prescribed ointments and creams, tablets are taken less often.

Rhinitis and conjunctivitis require the appointment of the use of sprays and drops, suspensions with hormonal components.

Types of medicines

The list of corticosteroids includes dozens of names. Each potent agent enters a certain group, has its own activity power, the degree of toxicity to the body.

Pharmacists offer medicines to suppress allergic inflammation and complex effects on the body. Many formulations are prohibited for use in childhood.

Only an experienced doctor selects a suitable type of CS:the use of drugs on the initiative of the patient often ends with severe skin lesions, up to atrophy, intoxication, disturbance of metabolic processes and hormonal background.

Combined action preparations:

• CS + antiseptics. Lorinden S, Sinalar K, Dermozolon, Flukort C.
• CS + antifungal + antimicrobial components. Pimafukort, Akriderm GK, Triderm.
• CS + antifungal agents. Candide B, Travocort, Lotriderm, Mikozolon.
• CS + antibiotics. Fucicort, Flucinar H, Oxicort, Fucidine G, Sinalar N.

Classification by fluorine content:

• nonfluorinated.Less likely to cause side effects, less toxic. This category of drugs is allowed to apply for up to two weeks on the skin folds and face, on other parts of the body (according to indications) - up to three weeks. Methylprednisolone aceponate, mometasone fluorate;
• fluorinated.Preparations contain fluorine, show high anti-inflammatory activity, against the background of admission often develop adverse reactions. The duration of therapy is 7 days, not more. Flumethasone, Dexamethasone, Fluocinolone, Betamethasone.

Classification of topical corticosteroids according to the effect on the body:

• weak.Prednisolone, Hydrocortisone;
• moderate.Lokoid, Fluorocort, Lorinden, Afloderm,
• high.Advantan, Quitveit, Elokom, Celestoderm, Flucinar, Sinaflan, Beloderm;
• very high.Dermovate.

The pharmaceutical industry produces two types of corticosteroids, showing a prolonged effect: mometasone fluorate and methylprednisolone aceponate.

For active anti-inflammatory action, it is enough to apply the drug 1 time during the day.

Other types of CS treated the affected surface two or three times a day.

Dosage form

Pharmaceutical companies produce hormonal formulations for the relief of severe allergic reactions in the form of:

• tablets;
• ointments and creams for the treatment of the epidermis;
• ready-made solution for injections and inhalations;
• nasal drops and sprays;
• suspensions;
• powders or suspensions for the preparation of an inhalation solution;
• eye drops and ointments (used less often).

On a note!When allergic dermatoses are prescribed by local means: creams, ointments, talkers, allergic rhinitis - nasal COP, bronchial asthma - corticosteroids in the form of inhalations and tablets. Injections of hormonal drugs stop signs of acute forms of allergic reactions.

Indications for use

Hormonal drugs are prescribed at low efficacy of non-hormonal compounds, with a severe form of acute and chronic allergic diseases.

Self-treatment with CS is prohibited:strong drugs often cause adverse reactions, use without regard to contraindications provokes malfunctioning of organs and systems.

Steroid drugs are effective in the treatment of the following diseases:

Contraindications

Most hormonal drugs are not allowed in the following cases:

• pregnancy;
• childhood;
• lactation period;
• high blood pressure;
• severe liver and kidney pathology;
• a peptic ulcer.

Probable side effects

Even with the strict observance of the instructions, taking into account age and contraindications, negative reactions of local and systemic nature are possible:

• acne, acne-like rash;
• atrophy of sensitive areas of the epidermis (face, area of ​​folds);
• weaker pigmentation of affected areas;
• violation of the menstrual cycle;
• erythema;
• stria;
• weight gain;
• propensity to thrombosis;
• excessive sweating;
• headache;
• neurological disorders;
• gastric and intestinal bleeding;
• osteoporosis;
• hypertrichosis;
• suppression of adrenal function, cataract, glaucoma;
• Depressive conditions, frequent changes of mood;
• steroid diabetes mellitus;
• necrosis of bone tissue (non-infectious form);
• secondary immunodeficiency, the development of fungal and bacterial infections;
• slow healing of ulcers and wounds.

Rules for the use of topical corticosteroids

Physicians have developed several types of treatment with the use of COP to reduce the negative impact on the body:

• The dashed method of application.
• Tandem-therapy.
• Stepwise therapy of various parts of the body.
• Method of descending therapy.

Important!Strongly active compounds should be taken only as prescribed by the doctor in charge. At an early stage of treatment, the doctor appoints non-hormonal compounds, checks the body's response.

Only with ineffectiveness of weaker preparations for oral and external use are recommended corticosteroids. Tablets give a more toxic effect on the body than applying creams and ointments.

Compulsory registration of contraindications, observance of duration of therapy is obligatory.

Hormonal remedies for allergic diseases

Before the appointment of systemic and local corticosteroids, the doctor studies the clinical picture of the disease, specifies which medications the patient took earlier. Age is important (many CCs are forbidden for children and the elderly).

In the treatment of severe and neglected types of allergic diseases, systemic drugs in the form of tablets are prescribed:

• Prednisolone.
• Metizred.
• Kenalog.
• Celeston.
• Florinef.
• Triamcinolone.
• Medrol.
• Lemodus.
• Kenacort.

On a note:

• tablets are prescribed for relief of the inflammatory process in the detection of secondary infection on the background of a severe skin reaction - penetration into the wound, a bacterial or fungal ulcer infection;
• many doctors recommend replacing the tablet form of corticosteroids with local remedies: ointments, creams. When applied to problem areas of the body, hormones penetrate directly into the affected area, but are less absorbed into the blood, the gastrointestinal tract, and the risk of side effects decreases;
• oral administration of CS is more often recommended for other types of diseases: damage to the digestive system, autoimmune pathologies, circulatory disorders.

Corticosteroids for inhalation - list:

• Pulmicort.
• Diprospan.
• Budesonide.
• Clenil.
• Beclomethasone dipropionate.
• Flunisolide.
• Benacorte.
• Bekodisk.

Hormonal ointments and creams - list:

• Elokom.
• Triderm.
• Acriderm.
• Advantan.
• Sinaflanc.
• Gistan N.
• Hydrocortisone ointment.
• The lokoid.
• Flukort.
• Prednisolone ointment.
• Lorinden S.
• Pimafukort.
• Oxycort.
• Sibiocort.
• Nystamide.
• Dermozolone.

Corticosteroids for injection:

• Medrol.
• Diprospan.
• Hydrocortisone.
• Flosteron.
• Prednisolone.
• Kenalog.

Nasal drugs based on hormones:

• Nasobek.
• Avamis.
• Beclomethasone.
• Nazonex.
• Aldecin.
• Flicinase.

Hormonal drops and ointments with allergic conjunctivitis:

• Oftan Dexamethasone.
• Dezonid.
• Hydrocortisone ointment or suspension,%.
• Maksodex.
• Prenatsid.

Young patients with severe skin reactions are prescribed local remedies:

• Advantan.The drug on the basis of methylprednisolone is "soft" acts on the baby's body, fights with the contact dermatitis, coping with itching, rashes, swelling, inflammation, burning with eczema, atopic dermatitis, allergic dermatoses. With prolonged use, tissue necrosis can occur on the treated areas.
• Elokom.The drug is allowed to treat children from 6 months old, copes well with allergic itching and with signs of allergic dermatoses. The local remedy is allowed to apply to the skin for no more than a week, before canceling it is necessary to gradually reduce the concentration of the drug (mixed with baby cream). Hormonal ointment can not handle an area exceeding 1/8 of the surface of the body.

Rules of therapy:

• use of non-fluorinated species of CS;
• It is forbidden to treat with hormonal ointments more than 1/5 parts of the body;
• to reduce the risk of side effects alternate non-hormonal drugs and corticosteroids;
• prevention of allergic diseases with the help of CS is prohibited:potent agents are suitable only for short-term use in the treatment of exacerbations.

Hormonal tablets, solutions for inhalation, creams, drops, ointments, suspensions are indispensable in severe forms of allergic inflammation.

Corticosteroids quickly relieve painful symptoms, alleviate the condition of adults and children with allergic dermatoses, asthma, various types of dermatitis, eczema, runny nose and conjunctivitis in the background hypersensitivity of the body.

- Advice of a specialist on the features of the use of corticosteroids for the treatment of atopic dermatitis:

A source: http://allergiinet.com/lechenie/preparaty/kortikosteroidy.html